Eosinophilic papulocrustous dermatitis (miliary dermatitis) and eosinophilic inflammatory bowel disease in two cats     

Bell AG  Chard WG  Grayson JL  James MP 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1995,43(4):153-157

Two cats with chronic eosinophilic skin disease were investigated. The clinical investigation of the skin disease in one cat was limited and inflammatory bowel disease was diagnosed post mortem. A history of weight loss and a palpably thickened bowel in the second cat suggested concurrent gastrointestinal disease. Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was confirmed on biopsy. Treatment with azathioprine and methylprednisolone acetate resolved the signs of gastrointestinal disease, the pruritus and 95% of the skin lesions. The concurrence of eosinophilic papulocrustous dermatitis and eosinophilic bowel disease raises the possibility of their being linked bv a common aetiology or pathophysiology.  相似文献   

Grayson–Jockey Club     

Grayson Jockey 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2005,25(7):312-315

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Concentration-Dependent Mobility of Chlorfenvinphos in Isolated Plant Cuticles     

Peter Baur  B. Terence Grayson  Jrg Schnherr 《Pest management science》1996,47(2):171-180

The mobility of chlorfenvinphos in isolated pear (Pyrus communis cv. Bartlett) leaf cuticular membranes (CM) was studied as a function of concentration of chlorfenvinphos sorbed in the cuticle. Mobilities of chlorfenvinphos increased approximately 9-fold when the amount sorbed increased from 1 to 100 μg cm⁻² pear leaf cuticle. From the amounts per area, average volume fractions of chlorfenvinphos in the cuticle were calculated ranging from 2×10⁻³ to 5·1×10⁻². The increase in mobilities was steepest at the lower and levelled off at higher volume fractions. This correlation could be described for the whole range of volume fractions investigated by an equation which assumes homogeneously dispersed chlorfenvinphos. Temperature dependence of mobilities was studied at 17, 25 and 35°C and chlorfenvinphos volume fractions of 5·5×10⁻³ and 0·12, respectively. Arrhenius graphs were linear for both volume fractions, showing that cuticles did not undergo a phase transition due to the high amount of sorbed chlorfenvinphos. However, at a volume fraction of 0·12, the activation energy of diffusion, E_D, was significantly lower (83·6 kJ mol⁻¹) than at 5·5×10⁻³ (135 kJ mol⁻¹). We interpret these findings as evidence for a plasticising effect on cuticular waxes by chlorfenvinphos. So far, such an effect had been demonstrated only for certain adjuvants (ethoxylated alcohols) but not for active ingredients. Chlorfenvinphos not only increased its own mobility in pear leaf cuticles, but also that of 2,4-D in Citrus leaf cuticles. This would be expected if plasticising of waxes was the sole mechanism responsible for increased mobilities. From these data we predict that permeabilities of cuticles to chlorfenvinphos are not constant. Depending on temperature as well as types and amounts of adjuvants, rates of foliar penetration of chlorfenvinphos can be higher if its concentration in the spray liquid is increased.  相似文献   

The physical and chemical properties of the herbicide cinmethylin (SD 95481)     

B. Terence Grayson  Karen S. Williams  Paul A. Freehauf  Rodney R. Pease  William T. Ziesel  Richard L. Sereno  Ronald E. Reinsfelder 《Pest management science》1987,21(2):143-153

Cinmethylin (SD 95481), is a novel herbicide developed for the selective pre-emergence control of many annual grass weeds in a wide range of temperate and tropical crops. Representing new herbicide chemistry, cinmethylin is in the cineole family. Cinmethylin is a mobile colourless liquid with a boiling point of 313°C under an inert atmosphere at atmospheric pressure. It has a density of 1015 kg m^?3 and a viscosity of 70–90 mPa s, both at 20°C. It is miscible in all proportions with most organic solvents but has a low solubility, 63 mg litre^?1, in water. It has a vapour pressure of 10.2 mPa (20°C) and the vapour pressure/temperature relationship is given by log_e P(Pa)=28.9–9816/T (K). The n-octanol/water partition coefficient is 6850 and soil organic matter/water sorption coefficient (K_om) ranges between 165 and 235 over the three types of soil used in these studies. Cinmethylin is stable in water over the pH range 3–11. Solutions of cinmethylin in water or solvents are reasonably stable to sunlight, though thin films on a quartz surface photooxidise mainly to an ester within 24 h. This rate can be reduced by the addition of photostabilisers or by sorption onto soil surfaces. In an inert atmosphere cinmethylin is stable to high temperatures, though, in air, oxidation occurs at temperatures above 100°C to give the same product as by photodecay.  相似文献   

Vapour pressure of permethrin     

David Wells  B. Terence Grayson  Eric Langner 《Pest management science》1986,17(5):473-476

The vapour pressures of the separate isomers of permethrin have been determined over a range of temperatures by two laboratories using different versions of the gas saturation method. A statistical analysis of the sets of data from the two laboratories shows no significant differences for the cis isomers but a small difference in the 20°C extrapolated values for the trans isomer exists. However, this difference is discounted as arising from experimental error and the mean values of the estimated vapour pressures at 20°C are given as 2.5 μPa (cis) and 1.5 μPa (trans).  相似文献   

Reinvestigating adjuvants for the wild oat herbicide,flamprop-M-isopropyl. II: Field performance     

Michael W. Murphy  Matthew L. Craven  B. Terence Grayson 《Pest management science》1995,43(2):157-162

A field trials programme was conducted in which the performance of a new emulsifiable concentrate formulation (ECI) of flamprop-M-isopropyl containing the adjuvant, ‘Dobanol’ 25-7, in a ratio of 2:1 (by weight) with the AI, was compared with the current commercial formulation of ‘Commando’, in combination with its recommended adjuvant, ‘Swirl’, for the control of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A further treatment, in which the ‘Dobanol’ 25-7: AI ratio was increased to 4:1 by the spray tank addition of the former, was also included. The mean results from six trials (five wheat, one barley) showed that the addition of ‘Swirl’ to ‘Commando’ was beneficial, increasing wild oat floret control from a mean value of 80% to 92% at current recommended rates (flamprop-M-isopropyl, 600 g ha^?1; ‘Swirl’, 2.5 litre ha^?1). However, combinations of flamprop-M-isopropyl and ‘Dobanol’ 25-7 gave superior levels of control even at lower AI application rates. For example, a mean level of 96% control of Avena spp. was obtained at 300 g AI ha^?1 with 1200 g ha^?1 ‘Dobanol’ 25–7; with even better control at higher rates of application of both components. This improvement in performance was accompanied by a higher risk of crop phytotoxicity than observed with the ‘Commando’/‘Swirl’ mixtures. Symptoms initially were scorch and subsequently growth depression, particularly of tillers. None of the mean values in the six ‘efficacy’ trials reached commercially unacceptable levels, but in a further six ‘crop effects’ trials (three wheat, three barley), in which double rates were applied, the levels of phytotoxicity did become unacceptable and subsequently reduced grain yields. In contrast, two barley ‘crop effects’ trials gave yields higher than the control plots, possibly through the effects of reducing stem length and lodging thereby enabling more efficient harvesting. Nevertheless, there were rates of application of flamprop-M-isopropyl in the range 300–400 g ha^?1 with ratios of ‘Dobanol’ 25-7 in the range 2:1 to 4:1 that would achieve high levels of control of Avena spp. without undue risk of crop phytotoxicity and further trials are planned to support this new adjuvant system.  相似文献   

In vitro effects of malathion and O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses     

Kathleen E. Rodgers  Marcia H. Grayson  Toshiko Imamura  Bruce H. Devens 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1985,24(2):260-266

Oral administration of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS), an impurity present in technical formulations of malathion, has been shown to be associated with a high incidence of pneumonia in rats and to be highly immunosuppressive in mice. Based on these findings, an in vitro model was established to study the effect of this and other organophosphorus compounds on murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. The organophosphorus compounds were tested for their ability to block in vitro generation of CTL responses to alloantigen and/or the expression of these cytotoxic responses. Responses were generated in C57Bl/6 (H-2^b) spleen cells to mitomycin C-blocked P815 (H-2^d) tumor cells. The cytotoxicity of the cultured splenocytes to P815 target was measured using a 4-hr chromium release assay. These data demonstrated that malathion was able to block the ability of splenocytes to sensitize to P815 at concentrations as low as 25 μg/ml, but was not able to block the expression of cytotoxicity by mature killer T cells. The same was true for OOS which had been activated by preincubation with rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS). Activated OOS blocked the generation of CTL responses at concentrations as low as 75 μg/ml while having no effect on mature cytotoxic cells. In fact, both malathion and activated OOS were no longer able to suppress CTL responses if treatment was performed as early as 24 hr after exposure to antigen. Additionally, it was demonstrated that when malathion was preincubated with PMS it was no longer suppressive and that OOS without activation failed to suppress CTL responses.  相似文献   

Progress towards continuous cover woodland: Ipsden estate     

Grayson  A.J. 《Forestry》2002,75(3):257-271

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Clinical exercise testing in the normal Thoroughbred racehorse   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

RJ ROSE  DK HENDRICKSON  PK KNIGHT 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(10):345-348

To evaluate normal cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses of Thoroughbred horses to a standardised treadmill exercise test, we examined 28 horses ranging in age from 1 to 4 years. The group consisted of eight yearlings, eight 2-year-olds and twelve 3 and 4-year-olds. All horses except the yearlings were in training, and either racing or ready to race, at the time of examination. None of the horses had histories of performance problems. On the first day the horses received a full physical examination, resting electrocardiogram, upper respiratory tract endoscopy and either one or two acclimatisation runs on the treadmill. The following day they were given an exercise test on a treadmill inclined at 6 degrees (+10% slope). The test consisted of 3 min at 4 m/sec, 90 sec at 6 m/sec and 60 sec intervals at 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13 m/sec. During the last 15 sec of each step, blood samples were collected for plasma lactate determination, expired respiratory gases were obtained using an open flow mask system for measurement of oxygen uptake, and heart rate was measured using telemetry electrocardiogram. From these measurements, various derived values were calculated, which have been used by others as indices of exercise capacity. These values included: V200 (speed at HR of 200 bpm), VHRmax (speed at which horses reached maximum HR), VO2-200 (oxygen uptake at a HR of 200 bpm), VO2max (maximum oxygen uptake), VLA4 (speed at which horses reached a plasma lactate of 4 mmol/l) and HRLA4 (HR at which horses reached a plasma lactate of 4 mmol/l). The yearlings had significantly lower values than the older age groups for most of the derived values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Estimation of the half-life of a secretory protein message   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S Grayson  S J Berry 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,180(90):1071-1072

Synthesis of a specific secretory protein was followed in the presence of actinomycin D and cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine). The apparent half-life of the messenger RNA for this protein is significantly longer in the presence of actinomycin D than in the presence of cordycepin. These results suggest that actinomycin D studies of half-life in specialized cells may be inaccurate.  相似文献