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OBJECTIVES: To compare dietary diversity scores measured over a 1-day and a 3-day period, and to assess their relationships with socio-economic characteristics and the nutritional status of rural African women. DESIGN: A qualitative dietary recall allowed calculation of a dietary diversity score (DDS; number of food groups consumed out of a total of nine). Body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) were used to assess the nutritional status of women. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: A representative sample of 550 mothers in north-east Burkina Faso. RESULTS: The DDS increased from 3.5 to 4.4 when calculated from a 1-day or a 3-day recall (P < 0.0001), although for the latter the DDS was affected by memory bias. The DDS calculated from a 1-day recall was higher when a market day occurred during the recall period. Both scores were linked to the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the women. Women in the lowest DDS tertile calculated from the 1-day recall had a mean BMI of 20.5 kg m-(2) and 17.7% of them were underweight, versus 21.6 kg m (-2) and 3.5% for those in the highest tertile (P = 0.0003 and 0.0007, respectively). The DDS calculated from the 1-day recall was also linked to mean BFP; all these links remained significant after adjustment for confounders. For the 3-day period, no such relationships were found to be significant after adjustment. CONCLUSION: The DDS calculated from a 1-day dietary recall was sufficient to predict the women's nutritional status. In such a context attention should be paid to market days. 相似文献
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【目的】研究中国杂交水稻品种在柬埔寨马德望省的种植长势和产量表现,为中国杂交水稻在柬埔寨马德望省的推广应用提供参考。【方法】2012年旱季（1~4月）,将3个中国杂交水稻品种（早优362、特优362和桂源优362）与当地水稻品种（Senpidao）种植于柬埔寨马德望省,测定比较不同品种农艺性状和产量。【结果】不同水稻品种株高间差异显著。中国杂交水稻品种株高均显著高于当地对照品种（Senpidao）,但分蘖数较低。中国杂交水稻品种的每穗粒数和穗长也显著高于当地对照品种,其中特优362的每穗粒数最多,桂源优362的穗最长。早优362的千粒重均高于其他3个品种,而特优362和桂源优362的产量显著高于其他两个品种。此外,每穗粒数、穗长和产量间表现出极显著的相关性。【结论】中国杂交水稻适合在柬埔寨种植,旱季在马德望省的Toul Samrong土壤种植可比当地品种增产23%～38%。 相似文献
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Ferramosca A Savy V Conte L Zara V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(17):8148-8158
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) strongly prevents fat accumulation in adipose tissue of mice, even if hepatic fat deposition and insulin resistance are concomitantly observed. This study investigated the possibility of maintaining the antiadiposity properties of CLA while preventing adverse effects such as liver steatosis and hyperinsulinemia. To this end, mice were divided into three groups and fed a standard diet (control) or a diet supplemented with 1% CLA (CLA) or a mixture of 1% CLA plus 7.5% pine nut oil (CLA + P). The combination of CLA + P preserved the CLA-mediated antiadiposity properties (70% fat reduction), preventing hepatic steatosis and a sharp increase in plasmatic insulin starting from the eighth week of CLA treatment. The assay of both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the CLA + P mice revealed a time-dependent biphasic behavior of the corresponding enzymatic activities. A sudden change in these metabolic events was indeed found at the eighth week. A strong correlation between the changes in key enzymes of lipid metabolism and in insulin levels apparently exists in CLA-fed mice. Furthermore, lower levels of lipids, in comparison to values found in CLA-fed mice, were observed in the liver and plasma of CLA + P-fed animals. 相似文献
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Roustaee A Dechamp-Guillaume G Gelie B Savy C Dargent R Barrault G 《Phytopathology》2000,90(8):915-920
ABSTRACT An ultrastructural investigation of the artificial inoculation of sunflower with Phoma macdonaldii conidia was undertaken using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy to elucidate the host-parasite relationship. The behavior of the conidia deposited on the cotyledon petiole was investigated at various time intervals after inoculation. Conidia adhesion and germination were observed first. The cotyledon petiole was invaded by the fungus directly through the cuticle and via stomata. Externally, the spore and germ tube were covered with a mucilaginous polysaccharide sheath of a cotton-like appearance and of variable thickness. At the time of penetration, the host cuticle was perforated mechanically. The cuticle was slightly depressed and no enzymatic alteration could be observed. The fungus did not form appressoria on the surface of the host tissues but developed an infection peg. As soon as the cuticle barrier was crossed, the fungus rapidly colonized the host parietal layer. In a first step, the plasmalemma of the host cell appeared to be stuck against the cell wall. As soon as the fungus passed through the epidermal cell wall to reach the host cytoplasm, the plasmalemma was disrupted, and the subsequent rapid breakdown of cell integrity favored the colonization of the tissues by the pathogen. 相似文献
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Savy M Martin-Prével Y Danel P Traissac P Dabiré H Delpeuch F 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(2):132-141
OBJECTIVES: To study dietary diversity and its relationship with socio-economic and nutritional characteristics of women in an urban Sahelian context. DESIGN: A qualitative dietary recall was performed over a 24-h period. Dietary diversity scores (DDS = number of food groups consumed) were calculated from a list of nine food groups (DDS-9) or from a list of 22 food groups (DDS-22) which detailed both micronutrient- and energy-dense foods more extensively. Body mass index (BMI), mid upper-arm circumference and body fat percentage were used to assess the nutritional status of the women. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Five hundred and fifty-seven women randomly selected in two districts of Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso. RESULTS: The mean DDS-9 and DDS-22 were 4.9 +/- 1.0 and 6.5 +/- 1.8 food groups, respectively. In the high tertile of DDS-22, more women consumed fatty and sweetened foods, fresh fish, non-fatty meat and vitamin-A-rich fruits and vegetables. The DDS-9 was not associated with the women's socio-economic characteristics whereas the DDS-22 was higher when the women were younger, richer and had received at least a minimum education. Mean BMI of the women was 24.2 +/- 4.9 kg m-2 and 37% of them were overweight or obese (BMI > or = 25 kg m-2). Neither the DDS-9 nor the DDS-22 was associated with the women's anthropometric status, even though there was a trend towards fewer overweight women in the lowest tertile of DDS-22. CONCLUSION: In this urban area, the qualitative measurement of dietary diversity is not sufficient to identify women at risk of under- or overweight. 相似文献
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