What is your diagnosis? Ectrodactyly     

R D Montgomery  J L Milton  P D Mansfield  J A Hudson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,194(1):120-121

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Pharmacological characterisation of the electrically evoked release of monoamines from chicken brain in vitro     

Jackson G  Hudson AL  Lalis M  Raj AB 《British poultry science》2007,48(1):76-83

1. A study was conducted to develop an in vitro model for examining the basal and electrical-stimulation-induced release of [3H]monoamines from chicken hyperstriatal neurones in order to demonstrate the presence of presynaptic autoreceptors for the three main monoamine transmitters: noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-HT. 2. Two sets of experiments were carried out: the first was to evaluate the effect of calcium and tetrodotoxin (TTX, sodium channel conductance inhibitor) in order to demonstrate that evoked release of monoamines was a consequence of exocytotic processes; the second to investigate the effect of selective agonists and antagonists on neurotransmitter release. 3. Ross and Cobb broiler chickens of either sex (approximately 7 to 8 weeks old) were used. Slices of hyperstriatal tissue were preincubated with [3H]noradrenaline, [3H]dopamine or [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), washed, perfused and electrically stimulated at three time points (S1, S2 and S3) which released [3H]noradrenaline, [3H]dopamine and [3H]5-HT, as determined by scintillation spectrometry. 4. When calcium was removed from, or TTX added to, the superfusion medium prior to and including the second period of electrical stimulation (S2) the evoked releases of [3H]noradrenaline, [3H]dopamine and [3H]5-HT at S2 were abolished. 5. In the presence of the selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist UK 14304 during the S2 period, the S2/S1 ratio was lower than the control ratio due to a reduction in the stimulated release of [3H]noradrenaline. The selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist RX 821002 blocked the UK 14304-induced reduction of evoked release and the S2/S1 ratio was similar to the control ratio. 6. The D2-like receptor agonist quinpirole reduced the S2/S1 ratio for [3H]dopamine release, an effect blocked by the antagonist AJ 76. The 5-HT1B receptor agonist CP 94253 during S2 reduced the S2/S1 ratio due to a reduction in evoked [3H]5-HT. This effect was blocked by the 5-HT1B receptor antagonist GR 55562. 7. The results demonstrate, for the first time, the functional presence of presynaptic alpha2-adrenoceptors, presynaptic 5-HT1B autoreceptors and presynaptic D2-like autoreceptors in broiler chicken hyperstriatal neurones in vitro.  相似文献   

Effects of soil pH and soil water content on prosulfuron dissipation   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hultgren RP  Hudson RJ  Sims GK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(11):3236-3243

The sulfonylurea herbicide prosulfuron, 1-(4-methoxy-6-methyltriazin-2-yl)-3-[2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenylsulfonyl]urea, is used for the selective control of broadleaf weeds in corn, sorghum, and cereal grains. To investigate its fate in soils, this study examined the effects of soil pH and water content on the rates of dissipation processes and the products formed under aerobic conditions. Radiometry and chromatography analyses were used to quantify the degradation products and bound residues formed in incubations of 10 different soils. The pH-dependent hydrolysis of the sulfonylurea bridge to form phenyl sulfonamide was the primary transformation process. Significant microbial degradation of prosulfuron occurred in 2 of the 10 soils, yielding (14)CO(2) and desmethyl prosulfuron among the major products. The time required for 50% dissipation of the herbicide (DT(50)) was determined for each soil and water content treatment. At equivalent water contents, prosulfuron DT(50) values were positively correlated with soil pH (P < 0.0001), varying from 6.5 days at pH 5.4 to 122.9 days at pH 7.9. Soil pH and water content strongly influence the fate of sulfonylurea herbicides in agricultural fields. Differences in the effect of soil water content on dissipation kinetics in a comparison of two soils were attributed to differences in soil pH, texture, and the ability of indigenous microorganisms to transform the herbicide.  相似文献   

Strategy to identify resistance to white mould associated with high yield for irrigated common bean in Brazil     

Renan C. Lima  Pablo H. Teixeira  Ari F. F. Souza  Trazilbo J. Paula Júnior  Hudson Teixeira  Miller S. Lehner  José E. S. Carneiro  Tiago S. Marçal  Rogerio F. Vieira 《Plant pathology》2020,69(6):1172-1184

Development of common bean cultivars with partial white mould resistance through breeding techniques has been a challenge in Brazil. As yet, lines/cultivars from breeding programmes have not been investigated for resistance; therefore, this study screened 107 lines/cultivars for their reactions to white mould in 14 preliminary trials conducted under irrigation. Thirteen resistant lines/cultivars (three of Andean origin) and six Mesoamerican cultivars (three intermediately resistant and three susceptible) were selected for further investigation. These lines/cultivars and the resistant control A195 were evaluated in six advanced trials and two straw tests to assess the effectiveness of the screening procedure. In 11 preliminary trials, screenings were performed under moderate/high or higher disease pressure. These pressures occurred in two advanced trials in which, when yields were averaged across moderate/high and high pressures, 10 Mesoamerican lines/cultivars selected for resistance yielded 14%, 23%, and 38% more than intermediately resistant cultivars, A195, and susceptible cultivars, with median disease ratings (1–9 scale) of 4.5, 5.7, 5.7, and 6.7, respectively. In the straw test, three Andean lines/cultivars (A195 included) and two susceptible cultivars in the field were among those with the highest levels of physiological resistance. Thus, field rating under high disease pressure and greenhouse rating did not correlate significantly, suggesting that field trials are critical to evaluating resistance and to identifying high-yielding beans. Therefore, lines/cultivars from breeding programmes assessed in field trials may provide a low cost and fast way to identify high-yielding bean cultivars with partial resistance to white mould in the subtropical southern hemisphere.  相似文献   

蛋雏鸡传染性喉气管炎的诊治     

刘文超  贾俊亮  高娟  王海刚  孙士生 《中国兽药杂志》2005,39(2):49-50

鸡传染性喉气管炎(ILT)是由鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒引起的以剧烈咳嗽、气喘、高度呼吸困难和气管内有血样渗出物等为特征的一种急性呼吸道传染病.育成蛋鸡感染该病多有报道,而蛋雏鸡感染发病比较少见.本文以一起48日龄海兰褐蛋雏鸡传染性喉气管炎病例为题材,从发病情况、临床症状、病理剖检变化、诊断、防治等几个方面对该病做了详尽阐述.  相似文献   

猪败血性链球菌与附红细胞体混合感染病例     

孙展和  贾俊亮  王海刚  徐燕 《中国兽药杂志》2005,39(5):46-47

猪败血性链球菌病是猪链球菌感染引起的一种急性败血性传染病,猪附红细胞体病是由猪附红细胞体寄生于猪红细胞而引起的一种散在的热性、溶血性传染病.本文以某猪场这2种病混合感染病例为题材,从发病基本情况、临床症状、剖检变化、实验室检验、防治措施等6个方面对该混合感染病例做了详尽的阐述.  相似文献   

Coccygeal muscle injury in English Pointers (limber tail)     

Steiss J  Braund K  Wright J  Lenz S  Hudson J  Brawner W  Hathcock J  Purohit R  Bell L  Horne R 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1999,13(6):540-548

A condition colloquially referred to as "limber tail" and "cold tail" is familiar to people working with hunting dogs, primarily Pointers and Labrador Retrievers. The typical case consists of an adult dog that suddenly develops a flaccid tail. The tail either hangs down from the tail base or is held out horizontally for several inches from the tail base and then hangs straight down or at some degree below horizontal. Initially, the hair on the dorsal aspect of the proximal tail may be raised and dogs may resent palpation of the area 3-4 inches (8-10 cm) from the tail base. Most dogs recover spontaneously within a few days to weeks. Anecdotal reports suggest that anti-inflammatory drugs administered within 24 hours after onset hasten recovery. Less than one half of affected dogs experience a recurrence. Affected Pointers almost always have a history of prolonged cage transport, a hard workout the previous day, or exposure to cold or wet weather Most owners and trainers familiar with the condition do not seek veterinary assistance. In cases where people are not familiar with this disease, other conditions such as a fracture, spinal cord disease, impacted anal glands, or prostatic disease have been incorrectly diagnosed. We examined 4 affected Pointers and found evidence of coccygeal muscle damage, which included mild elevation of creatine kinase early after onset of clinical signs, needle electromyographic examination showing abnormal spontaneous discharges restricted to the coccygeal muscles several days after onset, and histopathologic evidence of muscle fiber damage. Specific muscle groups, namely the laterally positioned intertransversarius ventralis caudalis muscles, were affected most severely. Abnormal findings on thermography and scintigraphy further supported the diagnosis.  相似文献   

Multifocal eosinophilic enteritis associated with a small intestinal obstruction in a standardbred horse     

Swain JM  Licka T  Rhind SM  Hudson NP 《The Veterinary record》2003,152(21):648-651

A seven-year-old standardbred gelding developed marked signs of colic associated with an acute small intestinal obstruction. Surgical exploration revealed three intramural, circumferential constricting lesions in the small intestine, the two most severe of which were in the jejunum and were resected. The horse was euthanased owing to postoperative complications. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of idiopathic multifocal eosinophilic enteritis.  相似文献   

Fertility and sperm quality of broiler breeder males infected with subgroup J avian leukosis virus     

Hudson BP  Wilson JL  Zavala G  Sander JE 《Avian diseases》2002,46(4):1033-1037

In order to assess the effects of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) on semen quality, broiler breeder males were separated by ALV-J status (ALV-J positive = POS, ALV-J negative = NEG) at 44 wk of age. Of the 249 males originally placed at 1 day of age, 101 (40.6%) died by 43 wk of age. Observations of tumor expression and high mortality suggest that many of the males that died prior to 44 wk of age were infected with ALV-J. From 47 to 56 wk of age, hens were inseminated every third week with 7.5 x 10(7) sperm. Fertility and hatch data were collected by incubating eggs laid during the 2 wk postinsemination (WPI). The number of sperm that penetrated the perivitelline membrane of the ovum was determined from eggs laid on the eighth day postinsemination. Sperm mobility index (SMI) was determined at 58 and 60 wk of age from all males producing semen. Whereas SMI and sperm hole penetration measurements indicated that the sperm quality from treatments POS and NEG were similar, fertility was significantly greater in the POS treatment during the first (89.0% vs. 79.0%) and second WPI (59.3% vs. 45.0%). However, because of numerically higher hatch of fertile from the NEG group, the percentage of hatch of eggs set was similar between groups. These data suggest that ALV-J status of caged males has no influence on sperm quality or hatchability of eggs.  相似文献   

Regional brain monoamine concentrations and their alterations in bovine hypomagnesaemic tetany experimentally induced by a magnesium-deficient diet     

McCoy MA  Young PB  Hudson AJ  Davison G  Kennedy DG 《Research in veterinary science》2000,69(3):301-307

Monoamines are important brain neurotransmitters. An investigation was carried out to determine if hypomagnesaemic tetany was associated with alterations in regional brain monoamine concentrations in bovines. The results, established in cows with normal magnesium status, demonstrated that regional differences existed in the distribution and concentration of brain monoamines in the adult bovine, which were similar to those in other species. In magnesium-deficient cows, severe hypomagnesaemia and lowered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) magnesium concentrations were associated with significant alterations in monoamine concentrations in some brain regions. Alterations in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations in the corpus striatum, and dopamine (DA) in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum were recorded. These regions play an important role in both voluntary and involuntary motor function, and therefore these alterations may play a role in the aetiology of hypomagnesaemic tetany. However, there was no significant change in DA concentrations in the corpus striatum (the main dopaminergic region in the brain) associated with hypomagnesaemia. In addition, a significantly lower norepinephrine (NE) concentration in the corpus striatum of hypomagnesaemic animals was also recorded. Norephinephrine is generally excitatory and therefore lowered NE concentrations would be expected to result in depression rather than stimulation of motor function.  相似文献