The use of ultrasonography in the reproductive evaluation of boars          下载免费PDF全文

RO Pinho  BS Camilo  DMA Lima  FAC Villadiego  JCM Vergara  HH Shiomi  RE Cardoso  PS Lopes  JD Guimarães 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):393-400

The objective was to study the use of ultrasound as a complementary test in the breeding soundness evaluation in male pigs and study the pattern of echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma in boars of different racial groups. Twenty‐six adult boars from four different racial groups were used, 10 from the Piau breed (group 1), four from the commercial and finishing group (group 2), six Pietrain breed (group 3) and six from the Duroc breed (group 4). All animals were evaluated for breeding soundness evaluation and the ultrasound examination of the testicles. The groups of animals that were evaluated showed no difference in the main semen parameters that were evaluated, except for the sperm volume, concentration of the ejaculated sperm and the supravital staining; the lowest figures were for the animals from the Piau breed (group 1). In relation to the testicular biometrics, Duroc animals (group 4) had a greater scrotal width compared to the other groups. But when we assessed the intensity of pixels of the testicles, there was a difference between groups. The groups 2 (finishing animals), 3 (Pietrain) and 4 had no difference between themselves. Group 3 had greater pixel intensity in relation to group 1. Of the 26 animals studied, five showed an abnormality during ultrasound evaluation, like hydrocele, hyperechoic mass in the testicular parenchyma, cyst in the head of the epididymis and the presence of fluid in the head and tail of the epididymis. The various animal groups studied did not differ in the principal reproductive parameters evaluated, showing that despite the great variability of reproductive traits between breeds and within the same breed, the breeding soundness evaluation, the more complete it is, is essential for the selection of breeders and the ultrasonography of the reproductive system becomes an important addition in this examination.  相似文献   

Setaria digitata was the main cause of equine neurological ataxia in Korea: 50 cases (2015–2016)     

Hyunkyoung LEE  Hyeshin HWANG  Younghye RO  Ji-Hyeon KIM  Kyunghyun LEE  Eunjin CHOI  Youchan BAE  Byungjae SO  Inhyung LEE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(5):869

This study was performed to examine and clarify the cause of hindlimb ataxia and neuropathy seen in the South Korean horse population. Fifty horses diagnosed with hindlimb ataxia and neuropathy were referred for this study. Neurological examination was performed on 47 horses while necropsy was performed in all 50 animals. The occurrence of neurological diseases increased rapidly in the summer and 47 out of 50 horses were referred after the end of July. The incidence of neurological diseases started from the southern part of Korea in July and proceeded northward in August and September. Although there was no correlation with age, Thoroughbred and Warmblood horses showed a higher incidence rate than Halla and Jeju horses. The incidence rate was 5 times higher in geldings than in mares and stallions. Of the 20 cases, 16 were diagnosed with eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis in 2015. The most common lesions observed in 2016 were parasitic meningoencephalomyelitis (10 cases, 33%) and eosinophilic meningomyelitis (7 cases, 23%). Histopathological analysis of the brain and spinal cord revealed nematodes of approximately 100–200 µm in diameter, microcavitation and infiltrates of eosinophils, and brown pigmented macrophage infiltrates. The nematodes were identified as Setaria digitata via DNA sequencing, performed subsequent to polymerase chain reaction using DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the spinal cord. These results show that aberrant migration of Setaria digitata larva in the brain and spinal cord was a major cause for neurological signs in horses.  相似文献   

Cryopreservation of Piau‐Breed Wild Boar Sperm: Assessment of Cooling Curves and Centrifugation Regimes          下载免费PDF全文

HH Shiomi  RO Pinho  DMA Lima  JB Siqueira  MCR Santos  EV Costa  PS Lopes  SEF Guimarães  JD Guimarães 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):545-553

This study aimed to assess the effects of different cooling curves and centrifugation regimes used in cryopreservation protocols on the post‐thaw viability of Piau‐breed wild boar (Sus scrofa) sperm using in vitro assessment tests. Two centrifugations (800  g for 10 min and 2400  g for 3 min) and two cooling curves (conventional cooling using nitrogen vapour – freezing 1 and automated cooling using a programmed freezing machine – freezing 2) were tested. Therefore, the treatments were divided into M3 – centrifugation at 2400  g for 3 min and freezing 2; M10 – centrifugation at 800  g for 10 min and freezing 2; R3 – centrifugation at 2400  g for 3 min and freezing 1; and R10 – centrifugation at 800  g for 10 min and freezing 1. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between treatments occurred post‐thawing regarding the total sperm motility means recorded. The mean values of the different treatments were not different from each other regarding the supravital staining (SV), hypo‐osmotic test (HO), sperm–egg binding assay or sperm morphology. This study showed that both the cooling curve and the centrifugation regime affected the quality of post‐thaw sperm, and centrifugation for shorter times and cooling curves using automated cooling are the most suitable for minimizing sperm injury.  相似文献   

Acetylene inhibition of nitrous oxide reduction and measurement of denitrification and nitrogen fixation in soil     

T. Yoshinari  R. Hynes  R. Knowles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1977,9(3):177-183

Reduction of N₂O in moist soil was inhibited completely by 10^?2 atm C₂H₂ and partially by 10^?5 atm C₂H₂. The effect of C₂H₄ was 10⁴ times less than that of C₂H₂. Denitrification of NO^?₃ occurred in anaerobically or aerobically incubated waterlogged soil and in anaerobic but not in aerobic moist soil. In the absence of C₂H₂ there was transient accumulation of N₂O. In the presence of C₂H₂ there was stoichiometric conversion of NO^?₃ to N₂O. Some kinetics of the reduction of N₂O and of NO^?₃ to N₂O are presented. Denitrification of 1 μg added NO^?₃-N.g^? could be measured within 1 h. Stoichiometries of production of N₂O from NO^?₂ and NO^?₃, respectively, and production of CO₂ attributable to denitrification were consistent with reported energy yields. Reduction of C₂H₂ to C₂H₄ occurred immediately following complete denitrification of added NO^?₃. The incubation of soil in the presence and in the absence of C₂H₂ thus permits assay of both denitrification and N₂ fixation and provides information on the mole fraction of N₂O in the products of denitrification.  相似文献   

Effect of Early Postpartum Ovulation on Fertility in Dairy Cows     

KN Galvo  M Frajblat  WR Butler  SB Brittin  CL Guard  RO Gilbert 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):e207-e211

Our objectives were to determine the effects of early ovulation on fertility and uterine health of dairy cows. Four hundred and forty‐five Holstein cows (185 primiparous and 260 multiparous) from five herds were used. Blood samples were collected at 21, 35 and 49 days in milk (DIM) and cows were considered to be cyclic at 21 DIM (Cyc21) if serum progesterone (P4) concentration was above 1 ng/ml, cyclic by 49 DIM (Cyc49) if P4 concentration was above 1 ng/ml at 35 or 49 DIM, or not cyclic (NotCyc) if P4 concentration was below 1 ng/ml at all sample times. Endometrial cytology for diagnosis of subclinical endometritis was examined at 49 DIM in a subset of 414 cows. Cows in the group Cyc21 had increased hazard of insemination, for the first service, compared with cows in Cyc49 [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.10–1.79; p = 0.006] and NotCyc (HR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.52–2.82; p < 0.001). Cows in the Cyc49 group also had increased hazard of insemination compared with cows in the NotCyc group (HR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.13–1.93; p = 0.005). Median days to insemination were, respectively, 71, 76 and 96 for cows in Cyc21, Cyc49 and NotCyc groups. Cows in Cyc21 had greater first service pregnancy per AI than Cyc49 [38.6 vs 28.1%; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.01–2.75; p = 0.04] and NotCyc (38.6 vs 23.6%; AOR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.08–4.00; p = 0.03). Pregnancy per AI was similar in Cyc49 and NotCyc cows (28.1 vs 23.6%; AOR = 1.25; 95% CI = 0.70–2.24; p = 0.45). Cows in Cyc21 had increased hazard of pregnancy up to 300 DIM compared with Cyc49 (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.17–1.96; p = 0.002) and NotCyc (HR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.41–2.78; p < 0.001). Cows in Cyc49 tended to have increased hazard of pregnancy compared with NotCyc (HR = 1.31; 95% CI = 0.96–1.77; p = 0.09). Median days to pregnancy were, respectively, 103, 147 and 173 for cows in Cyc21, Cyc49 and NotCyc groups. Cows in the Cyc21 group had decreased prevalence of subclinical endometritis compared with cows in the NotCyc group (29.9 vs 43.7%; AOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.29–0.97; p = 0.04); however, the prevalence did not differ from the Cyc49 group (29.9 vs 39.1%; AOR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.41–1.14; p = 0.15). Cyc49 cows had similar prevalence of subclinical endometritis compared with NotCyc cows (AOR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.46–1.29; p = 0.32). Early postpartum ovulation was associated with improved uterine health and fertility.  相似文献   

Single and Multistrain Rhizobial Inocula for Pinto and Black Bean Cultivars     

S. Kyei-Boahen  T. Nleya  R. Hynes  F. L. Walley 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1679-1692

ABSTRACT

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is relatively poor in dinitrogen (N₂) fixation, so selecting compatible host cultivar and Rhizobium strain combinations may offer an improvement. The effectiveness of six rhizobial strains was evaluated using five bean cultivars of bean (three pinto and two black bean) in a growth-room experiment. We subsequently selected the three best strains to assess whether multi-strain inoculation had advantages over single-strain inoculation in growth-room and field experiments. In the first-growth-room experiment, Rhizobium strains UMR 1899, RCR 3618, and USDA 2676 were selected for high nodulation, plant dry weight, shoot nitrogen (N), and N₂ fixation. In a second growth-room experiment, the individual strains and a mixture of the three strains generally did not differ in the parameters evaluated. Total shoot N accumulated ranged from 172.9 to 162.8 mg plant^?1, of which 32.1% to 33.6% (equivalent to 54.0 to 59.2 mg plant^{? 1}) was fixed. In field experiments, plant biomass and seed N₂ fixed did not differ among the inoculants at any site. These results suggest that the three strains were equally effective and that the multi-strain inoculant offered no consistent advantage over the single-strain inoculants.  相似文献   

Valuing the benefits to the local community of supplying recreational facilities in community owned forests: an application of the contingent behaviour method     

Stephen Hynes  Brian Cahill 《Small-Scale Forestry》2007,6(3):219-231

This research utilises a contingent behaviour valuation technique to value a number of improvements to recreational facilities in small-scale forests in Ireland. Willingness-to-pay estimates have previously been made for Coillte (Ireland’s state-owned forestry company) trails and forests. The total non-market value of Irish forests has also been examined. This paper adds to the literature by being the first to estimate the consumer surplus associated with recreational enhancements to Irish small-scale forest resources. The results presented indicate that community owned small-scale forestry can contribute enormously to the wellbeing of nearby urban residents, through the provision of outdoor recreational services.

Stephen HynesEmail:

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Sexual Precocity of Nellore Bulls that are Offspring of Super Precocious,Precocious and Normal Cows in Extensive Farming Conditions     

JB Siqueira  E Oba  RO Pinho  SEF Guimarães  TM Neto  JD Guimarães 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):851-857

The objective of this work was to verify that mothers classified as super precocious (M1) and precocious (M2) produce more precocious bulls than females classified as normal (M3). This study included 21 186 animals with an average age of 21.29 ± 1.77 months that underwent a breeding soundness evaluation from 1999 to 2008. Of these animals, 2019, 6059 and 13 108 were offspring of M1, M2 and M3 females, respectively. In the breeding soundness examination, the animals were classified as sound for reproduction, sound under a natural mating regime, unsound for reproduction and discarded. To compare the averages obtained for each category of mother within the individual breeding soundness classes, a chi‐square test with a 5% error probability was used, considering the effects of year and month of birth and farm. For the three classes of mothers (M1, M2 and M3), 67.26, 67.22 and 64.16% of bull calves were considered sound for reproduction and 19.71, 19.46 and 21.90% were considered unsound for reproduction, respectively. There was no difference in the frequency of animals that were sound for reproduction under the natural breeding regime between the three classes of mothers (8.87, 9.31 and 9.19%, respectively). There was a difference between the numbers of precocious and normal females that were discarded, with frequencies of 4.01 and 4.75%, respectively (p < 0.05). There were differences in year and month of birth and farm between super precocious and precocious cows in relation to the breeding soundness classification of the animals. It was concluded that the bull offspring of super precocious and precocious cows presented a higher percentage of approval in the breeding soundness examination than the bull offspring of normal cows, demonstrating that the selection for precocity of females has contributed to an increase in the sexual precocity of the herd in relation to the sexual maturity of bulls.  相似文献   

Fibronectin binds to some bacteria but does not promote their uptake by phagocytic cells   总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35  

L Van de Water  A T Destree  R O Hynes 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,220(4593):201-204

The involvement of plasma fibronectin in phagocytosis of bacteria was investigated by testing the binding of fibronectin to several species of bacteria and by evaluating the ability of fibronectin to promote binding and endocytosis of two species of these bacteria by phagocytic cells. Fibronectin binds non-covalently to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and to yeast but did not appear to be necessary or sufficient for uptake of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium by several different phagocytic cell types.  相似文献   

Combined effects of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria and genistein on nitrogen fixation in soybean at suboptimal root zone temperatures     

Narjes Dashti  Balakrishnan Prithiviraj  Xiaomin Zhou  Rüssel K. Hynes  Donald L. Smith 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):593-604

Application of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or the plant to bacteria signal molecule genistein has been shown to increase nodulation and nitrogen (N) fixation by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] over a range of root zone temperatures (RZTs) and, specifically, off‐sets at least some of the ill‐effects of low RZTs. Two sets of controlled‐environment experiments, one on a growth bench and the other in a greenhouse, were conducted to examine the combined ability of both PGPR and genistein to reduce the negative effects of low RZT on soybean nodulation and N fixation. Each of two the PGPR strains, Serratia proteamaculans 1–102 and Serratia liquefaciens 2–68 were co‐inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 preincubated with 17.5 (somewhat inhibitory), and 15°C (very inhibitory). At RZTs of 25 and 17.5°C PGPR strains and genistein in combination increased the number of nodules and the amount of Nn fixed. The most stimulatory effect was observed at 17.5°C for the combination: S. proteamaculans 1–102 plus B. japonicum USDA 110 pre‐incubated in 15 μM genistein under greenhouse conditions. For most treatment combinations the stimulatory effects of PGPR and genistein were additive at RZTs of 17.5 and 25°C. Surprisingly, the combination of these two factors resulted in antagonism at the very inhibitory RZT of 15°C. The results suggest that the negative effects of certain low RZTs could be more effectively off‐set by combined treatments of PGPR plus geneistin pre‐incubation of rhizobial cultures than by their individual treatment.  相似文献