OBJECTIVE: To correlate quantitative analysis of ultrasonographic images of normal (injury-free) equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendons and equine SFD tendons that have pathologic changes with corresponding histologic sections. SAMPLE POPULATION: 4 SDF tendons, 2 of which had various stages of tissue integrity. The 2 ipsilateral tendons were used as points of reference. PROCEDURE: Tendons were mounted in a custom-made device that permitted sequential scanning, transversely and perpendicular to the tendon long axis. At precise steps of 0.5 mm, transverse ultrasonographic images were collected. Subsequently, tendons were fixed and prepared for histologic examination. The following 8 tissue types were discerned: normal young, normal old, necrotic, early granulation, late granulation, early fibrotic, late fibrotic, and scar tissues. In areas of interest, the corresponding ultrasonographic images were selected for gray level statistical analysis. RESULTS: Compared with other tissue types, early-stage granulation tissue was characterized by substantially lower mean gray level and a clearly different histogram. Necrotic tissue had a higher mean gray level, with a virtually normal histogram. In late granulation and early fibrotic tissues, the mean gray level and the histogram could not be discerned from those of normal tendon tissue. The same applied to late fibrotic and scar tissues; mean gray levels were fractionally lower than those of normal tendon tissue with a completely normal histogram. CONCLUSIONS: Although quantification of the transverse ultrasonographic image by use of first-order gray level statistics may be helpful, the method is not sufficiently sensitive to accurately and unequivocally determine the type of tendon tissue. Quantitative analysis should incorporate transverse and longitudinal information. 相似文献
Juvenile hybrid striped bass Morone saxatilis×M. chrysops were fed practical diets containing graded levels of either solvent-extracted soybean meal, roasted soybeans, or raw, unprocessed soybeans. Two separate 10-wk studies were conducted; within each study, there were two separate evaluations of soy products. In the first study, weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed 45% or higher levels of soybean meal were significantly lower than fish fed the positive control diet, while weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed 30% soybean meal were not significantly different than fish fed the control diet. Fish fed the lowest level of unprocessed soybean (20%) exhibited significantly depressed weight gain and feed efficiency compared to fish fed the control diet. In the second study, weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed 40% roasted soybeans were significantly lower than fish fed the control diet, but weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed 20% roasted soybeans were not significantly lower than fish fed the control diet. In both studies, whole body proximate composition values were significantly different among treatments. Whole-body lipid concentrations were significantly higher in fish fed certain levels of soy products, but only at levels above those eliciting depressions in weight gain and feed efficiency. A further evaluation of solvent-extracted soybean meal was conducted with incorporation levels of 20–40% of the dry diet in gradations of 5% with a nutritionally complete mineral premix. Weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed any level of soybean meal in that study were not significantly different from fish fed a positive control diet. Whole body proximate components were not significantly different between treatments. Unprocessed soybeans apparently have little potential as an ingredient in diets fed to juvenile hybrid striped bass; roasting, or heat treatment, improves their use. Solvent extracted soybean has the potential of supplying the majority of crude protein in diets fed to juvenile hybrid striped bass. Incorporation of complete mineral premixes seems beneficial with higher levels of solvent-extracted soybean meal. 相似文献
Titania, zirconia, and alumina samples with periodic three-dimensional arrays of macropores were synthesized from the corresponding metal alkoxides, using latex spheres as templates. In a fast, single-step reaction, the monomeric alkoxide precursors permeate the array of bulk polystyrene spheres and condense in air at room temperature. Close packed, open-pore structures with 320- to 360-nanometer voids are obtained after calcination of the organic component at 575 degreesC. The examples presented demonstrate the compositional diversity possible with this technique. The resulting highly structured ceramics could have applications in areas ranging from quantum electronics to photocatalysis to battery materials. 相似文献
Pelvis size plays an important role to prevent dystocia in cattle caused by the foeto-maternal disproportion in commonly primiparous females. The reproducibility and repeatability are two important aspects for the reliability of the measurements to use in the selection of cattle for culling. Pelvic measures were taken with a Rice pelvimeter from 224 young cattle (180 females and 44 males) of four beef breeds in South Africa. One experienced and two inexperienced observers each measured pelvic height and width twice. The proportion measurements with a maximum difference of 0.5 cm within animal compared with the first measurement by the experienced observer are around 80% and by the inexperienced observers around 50% for pelvic height and around 60% for pelvic width. Breed and sex do not affect the reliability of pelvimetry by an experienced observer. Under- and overestimation of pelvis size were observed in inexperienced observers, which seems to be unrelated to breed and sex. 相似文献
Summary Methods were developed for clean-up of potato tuber extracts on solid phase extraction CN-cartridges and for analysis of steroidal
glycoalkaloids by reversed phase HPLC. The alkaloids α-solanine, α-chaconine, α-solasonine and α-solamargine could be separated
on C8 or C18 reversed phase columns using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/Tris-buffer (3∶2, v/v). The analysis time of tuber extracts containing
these alkaloids was less then 4 min, if the pH of the mobile phase was adjusted to 7.4 and run at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. 相似文献
AIMS: To determine efficacy of a minimally invasive (MI) surgical approach using a human MI lumbar retractor for canine lumbosacral dorsal laminectomy and partial discectomy and to compare this technique to the standard open surgical (OS) approach.
METHODS: Lumbosacral dorsal laminectomy and partial discectomy was performed on 16 large-breed canine cadavers using either a standard OS (n=8) or MI (n=8) approach. Skin and fascial incision length, procedure time, and intraoperative complications were recorded. Postoperatively specimens were evaluated for laminectomy and discectomy dimensions, and visible damage to the cauda equina and exiting nerve roots.
RESULTS: Median length of skin and fascial incisions in the OS group were longer than in the MI group (p<0.001). Median laminectomy length was similar between both approaches (p=0.234) but width was greater for the MI than OS approach (p=0.002). Both approaches achieved similar partial discectomy width (p=0.279). Overall surgical time was longer for MI approaches compared to OS, with a median of 18.5 (min 15.5, max 21.8) minutes for MI compared to 14.6 (min 13.1, max 16.9) minutes for OS (p=0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The MI approach reduced incision lengths while retaining comparable laminectomy and discectomy dimensions. For this in vitro model the MI approach required more time to complete, but this difference may not be relevant in clinical cases.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dogs undergoing lumbosacral dorsal laminectomy are commonly large-breed dogs. The traditional open approach requires a large skin incision and soft tissue dissection, especially in overweight animals. A MI approach accomplishing the same surgical result while minimising soft tissue trauma could reduce post-operative pain and recovery time, and may lower wound-related complications. Clinical studies are needed to confirm postoperative benefit and assess operating times in vivo. 相似文献
It has since long been demonstrated that perinatal asphyxia in pigs can result in perinatal mortality, decreased viability/vitality at birth and reduced survival rates until 10 days of age. In human perinatology much interest is presently focussed on strategies to prevent adverse outcome arising from birth asphyxia. Given the rather high perinatal and postnatal losses in the pig industry, it is very interesting to explore rescue strategies to reduce adverse effects of postischemic organ damage caused by perinatal asphyxia also in newborn piglets.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of postnatal treatment of piglets with 2-IminoBiotin (2-IB), a selective inhibitor of neuronal and inducible NitricOxideSynthase (nNOS and iNOS), under farm conditions on postnatal growth rates, morbidity and mortality.
In total 81 piglets from 15 litters were used. Immediately after birth, blood was collected from the umbilical artery and piglets were alternately assigned to either a control (saline) or drug (2-IB; 0.18 mg/kg bodyweight every 4 h during 24 h) group. Administration of control or drug started with an intravenous injection in the umbilical vein immediately after birth, followed by 6 intraperitoneal injections at 4 h intervals, starting 4 h after the intravenous injection. Piglets were checked for growth, morbidity and mortality until the experiment was finished (average age: 44 days).
Postnatal treatment with 2-IB resulted in significantly increased growth rates at 10 days of age (P = 0.02) (165 g/day compared to 140 g/day in controls), independently of health status and birth weight. At weaning 2-IB treated piglets tended to show higher growth rates (P = 0.06). Growth rates at the end of the experiment, morbidity and mortality were not affected by treatment.
It is hypothesized that 2-IB reduces the rather limited, nearly ‘physiological’ harmful effects occurring in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting from a short period of hypoxia-ischemia experienced during birth. This might explain the significantly increased growth rates at 10 days of life in 2-IB treated piglets. Selective inhibition of nNOS and iNOS might also result in increased availability of l-arginine for protein synthesis in newborns resulting in higher postnatal growth rates. However these issues need further investigations.
In conclusion, this study showed a positive effect of immediate postpartum administration of 2-IB during the first day after birth on growth rates up to 10 days of age. Furthermore, no negative effects of 2-IB treatment on piglet health and survival were found. 相似文献
