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1.
J. Rubio E. Hajj-Moussa M. Kharrat M. T. Moreno T. Millan J. Gil 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(2):188-191
The inheritance of resistance to fusarium wilt race 0 of chickpea and linked random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were studied in two F6:7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. These RILs were developed from the crosses CA2156 × JG62 (susceptible × resistant) and CA2139 × JG62 (resistant × resistant), and were sown in a field infected with fusarium wilt race 0 in Beja (Tunisia) over 2 years. A1:1 resistant to susceptible ratio was found in the RIL population from the CA2156 × JG62 cross, indicating that a single gene with two alleles controlled resistance. In the second RIL population (CA2139 × JG62) a 3:1 resistant to susceptible ratio indicated that two genes were present and that either gene was sufficient to confer resistance. Linkage analysis showed a RAPD marker, OPJ20600, linked to resistance in both RIL populations, which is present in the resistant parent JG62. 相似文献
2.
Alessandro Infantino Mohamed Kharrat Luca Riccioni Clarice J. Coyne Kevin E. McPhee Niklaus J. Grünwald 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):201-221
Summary Soil-borne fungal diseases are among the most important factors, limiting the yield of grain legumes in many countries worldwide.
Root rot, caused by Aphanomyces euteiches, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and wilt, caused by several formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum are the most destructive soil-borne diseases of pea, chickpea, lentil, fababean and lupin. The most effective control of
these diseases is achieved through the use of resistant varieties. In this paper, recent advances in conventional and innovative
screening methods for disease resistance are presented. Many grain legume accessions, which are maintained in national and
international germplasm collections, have been evaluated for disease resistance and numerous resistant varieties have been
released following incorporation of identified resistance genes from these sources. Recent identification of molecular markers
tightly linked to resistance genes has greatly enhanced breeding programs by making marker assisted selection (MAS) possible
and allowing the development of varieties with multiple disease resistance. Progress in the understanding of the biology of
soil-borne fungal pathogens of grain legumes is also reviewed with particular reference to the genetic structure of their
populations, diagnosis and host–pathogen interaction. 相似文献
3.
Summary Genetics of resistance to Ascochyta fabae Speg. in Vicia faba L. was studied with a final objective to develop resistant faba bean varieties to Ascochyta blight. The study was conducted separately on 3 single spore isolates (AF10-2 and AF13-2 from Tunisia and AF4-3 from France) and belonging to different groups of virulence (GV1 and GV2). Important general combining ability (GCA) effects were found especially with isolates AF10-2 and AF4-3. Specific combining ability (SCA), although significant for the 3 isolates, was important only with AF13 -2, but less important than GCA. Additive gene effects were predominant to non-additive effects. Lines 29H and A8817 transmitted to their progenies resistance to the 3 isolates, whereas 14–12 and 19TB conferred resistance to their progenies only with isolates AF13-2 and AF4-3, respectively. In the material studied, resistance was generally controlled by dominant genes but also could be attributed to recessive genes although less frequent. Analysis of segregation in the F2 of 2 crosses between the resistant lines (A8817 and 29H) and the susceptible line (14–12) with isolate AF4-3 revealed dominant monogenic control at the level of leaves in the 2 resistant lines and, in addition, a recessive gene controlling resistance of stems. Non-allelic interactions were occasionally manifested and their origin appeared to be due to line 19TB. A recurrent selection scheme was proposed with the objective to develop improved open-pollination populations and synthetic varieties responding to the objective of the national Tunisian research programme on faba bean. 相似文献
4.
5.
Chatter R Ben Othman R Rabhi S Kladi M Tarhouni S Vagias C Roussis V Guizani-Tabbane L Kharrat R 《Marine drugs》2011,9(7):1293-1306
Neorogioltriol is a tricyclic brominated diterpenoid isolated from the organic extract of the red algae Laurencia glandulifera. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of neorogioltriol were evaluated both in vivo using carrageenan-induced paw edema and in vitro on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated Raw264.7 macrophages. The in vivo study demonstrated that the administration of 1 mg/kg of neorogioltriol resulted in the significant reduction of carregeenan-induced rat edema. In vitro, our results show that neorogioltriol treatment decreased the luciferase activity in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells, stably transfected with the NF-κB-dependent luciferase reporter. This effect on NF-κB activation is not mediated through MAPK pathways. The inhibition of NF-κB activity correlates with decreased levels of LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) present in neorogioltriol treated supernatant cell culture. Further analyses indicated that this product also significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. These latter effects could only be observed for neorogioltriol concentrations below 62.5 μM. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a molecule derived from Laurencia glandulifera with anti-inflammatory activity both in vivo and in vitro. The effect demonstrated in vitro may be explained by the inhibition of the LPS-induced NF-κB activation and TNFα production. NO release and COX-2 expression may reinforce this effect. 相似文献
6.
I. Halila M. J. Cobos J. Rubio T. Millán M. Kharrat M. Marrakchi J. Gil 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(1):87-92
A second gene conferring resistance to the chickpea wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris race 0, has been mapped to linkage group 2 (LG2) of the chickpea genetic map. Resistance to race 0 is controlled by two genes
which segregate independently; one present in accession JG62 (Foc0
1
/foc0
1
) and mapping to LG5 and the second present in accession CA2139 (Foc0
2
/foc0
2
) but remaining unmapped. Both genes separately confer complete resistance to race 0 of the wilt pathogen. Using a Recombinant
Inbred Line (RIL) population that segregated for both genes (CA2139 × JG62) and the genotypic information provided by two
markers flanking Foc0
1
/foc0
1
ten resistant lines containing the resistant allele Foc0
2
/foc0
2
were selected. Genotypic analysis using these ten resistant lines paired with ten susceptible RILs, selected in the same
population, revealed that sequence tagged microsatellite sites (STMS) markers sited on LG2 were strongly associated with Foc0
2
/foc0
2
. Linkage analysis, using data from two mapping populations (CA2139/JG62 and CA2156/JG62), located Foc0
2
/foc0
2
in a region where genes for resistance to wilt races 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have previously been reported and which is highly saturated
with tightly-linked STMS markers that could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS). 相似文献
7.
Torres-Sánchez Jorge de la Rosa Raúl León Lorenzo Jiménez-Brenes Francisco M. Kharrat Amal López-Granados Francisca 《Precision Agriculture》2022,23(1):178-193
Precision Agriculture - Hedgerow orchard is an olive growing system where trees are planted at a super high-density higher than 20-fold (i.e., 1200–2500 trees ha?1) compared to the... 相似文献
8.
Fouad Maalouf Shaaban KhalilSeid Ahmed Akinnola N. AkintundeMohammed Kharrat Khaled El Shama’aSamir Hajjar Rajinder S. Malhotra 《Field Crops Research》2011,124(3):288-294
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the important pulse crops grown in many parts of the world. Its production and productivity are affected by different biotic and abiotic stresses. Broomrape (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) causes yield losses of 7- 80% in major faba bean growing countries mainly in the Mediterranean Basin and Nile Valley countries. Host plant resistance is found to be the most effective and economic method of broomrape control. Efforts made at the International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas over many years to develop advanced breeding lines with acceptable resistance and tolerance levels to broomrape have resulted in the identification of several useful breeding lines. These lines were shared with National Agricultural Research Systems (Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia and Portugal) as part of the Faba Bean Orobanche International Nursery, in order to test their stability across three seasons (2005, 2006 and 2007). The results showed that Orobanche plant number, dry weight, Orobanche index, flowering date, maturing date and grain yield were significantly different among lines and locations. AMMI analysis showed that some lines derived from hybrid bulk populations “HBP/DS0/2000” and “HBP/ES0/2000” showed acceptable levels of yield stability in the presence of Orobanche infections across all environments compared with susceptible check. In highly infested soils, the tolerant and resistant lines gave acceptable levels of yield compared with the susceptible check. However, the yield potential of resistant and tolerant lines in non-infested soils was lower than the highly susceptible check. 相似文献
9.
Broomrapes are weedy root parasitic plants that severely constraint faba bean production. After long and extensive breeding efforts made in several countries only moderately resistant cultivars are available to farmers, being their resistance based on a combination of avoidance and resistance mechanisms. In this work we characterize the resistance mechanism of two faba bean breeding lines selected for resistance to Orobanche crenata. Mini-rhizotron experiments showed that low induction of seed germination is a major component of resistance in these lines against O. crenata, O. foetida and P. aegyptiaca. This is confirmed by in vitro experiments with root exudates. The fact that low induction of germination is similarly operative against O. crenata, O. foetida and P. aegyptiaca reinforce the value of this resistance. 相似文献
10.
Screening techniques and sources of resistance against parasitic weeds in grain legumes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Diego Rubiales Alejandro Pérez-de-Luque Mónica Fernández-Aparico Josefina C. Sillero Belén Román Mohamed Kharrat Shaban Khalil Daniel M. Joel Charlie Riches 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):187-199
Summary A number of parasitic plants have become weeds, posing severe constraints to major crops including grain legumes. Breeding
for resistance is acknowledged as the major component of an integrated control strategy. However, resistance against most
parasitic weeds is difficult to access, scarce, of complex nature and of low heritability, making breeding for resistance
a difficult task. As an exception, resistance against Striga gesnerioides based on a single gene has been identified in cowpea and widely exploited in breeding. In other crops, only moderate to low
levels of incomplete resistance of complex inheritance against Orobanche species has been identified. This has made selection more difficult and has slowed down the breeding process, but the quantitative
resistance resulting from tedious selection procedures has resulted in the release of cultivars with useful levels of incomplete
resistance. Resistance is a multicomponent event, being the result of a battery of escape factors or resistance mechanisms
acting at different levels of the infection process. Understanding these will help to detect existing genetic diversity for
mechanisms that hamper infection. The combination of different resistance mechanisms into a single cultivar will provide durable
resistance in the field. This can be facilitated by the use of in vitro screening methods that allow highly heritable resistance components to be identified, together with adoption of marker-assisted
selection techniques. 相似文献