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1.
SUMMARY Twenty-five Thoroughbred (TB) and 25 Standardbred (SB) stables were visited to determine their feeding practices. The ingredients of the main feed of the day for a mature gelding of average size in full training were weighed at each stable. Nutrient content of diets was calculated using published data for the individual ingredients. Results are expressed as mean±sd. The estimated body weight of TB horses was 493±34 kg and 437±32 kg for SB horses. There was considerable variation in diet composition and nutrient intake between stables. The TB trainers fed 11.0±2.4 kg and SB trainers 11.8±2.5 kg per day. The concentrate component of the diet weighed 7.8±1.6 and 7.7±2.3 kg for TB and SB stables, respectively, and the roughage component for TB horses 3.3±1.4 and SB horses 4.1±1.4 kg per day. The digestible energy intake of horses at TB stables was 129±29 MJ per day and at SB stables 132±31 MJ per day. Crude protein intake of TB horses was 1452±363 g and SB horses 1442±338 g per day. There were differences in some feeding practices at TB and SB stables. Standardbred trainers fed more roughage than TB trainers. Standardbred trainers fed chaffed lucerne (alfalfa) and cereal hays as the major roughage, whereas TB trainers fed more hay. The major hay type fed by TB trainers was lucerne, whereas many SB trainers preferred clover hay. Both trainers fed oats as the major grain, but TB trainers fed slightly more maize (corn) than SB trainers. The SB trainers fed barley as part of the concentrate component of the diet, whereas TB trainers usually fed boiled barley and linseed oil in winter only. Although many trainers used vitamin and mineral supplements, this appeared unnecessary in many Instances, especially with respect to Iron. Calcium and NaCI supplementation was necessary for some diets. We concluded that while there was a wide range in feed intake and diet composition for both TB and SB horses, average nutrient intakes were similar to National Research Council (1989) recommendations for horses performing intense work. 相似文献
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3.
Mice in a hybrid breeding colony developed symptoms compatible with a diagnosis of salmonellosis. Salmonella oranienburg was recovered from feces by conventional bacteriological techniques. Active salmonellosis appeared to be precipitated by the stress of pregnancy among breeder female BALB/c mice. Necropsy examination of the BALB/c breeder females revealed diarrhea, roughened hair coats, enlarged spleens, white foci in the liver, and skin abscesses. S. oranienburg was recovered from the spleen, cecum, oropharynx, uterus, and skin abscesses of affected mice. DBA/2N breeder males were asymptomatic and S. oranienburg was recovered from the cecum only. Breeding productivity indices dropped to unacceptable levels in rooms containing infected animals. Relatively normal production was observed among uninfected animals of the same strains in adjacent rooms, thus demonstrating the detrimental effect S. oranienburg had on this breeder colony. 相似文献
4.
Kirchner JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1977,196(4293):977
Rhyolitic volcanic rock in the northern Black Hills has a potassium-argon isotopic age of 10.5 +/- 1.5 million years. This is considerably younger than any previously reported igneous activity in this or adjacent areas and indicates that the renewed uplift of the Black Hills, which occurred after the Oligocene epoch, was also accompanied by some volcanism. 相似文献
5.
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Mit 3 Abbildungen 相似文献
6.
Aly KAREN árpád Csaba BAJCSY Rosa MINOIA Rezs? KOVáCS Noelita Melo DE SOUSA Jean-Fran?ois BECKERS János TIBOLD István MáDL Ottó SZENCI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(2):162-167
The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of progesterone (P4),
bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-1 (bPAG-1) and nitric oxide (NO) levels with late
embryonic (LEM; day 28 to day 42) and early fetal mortalities (EFM; > day 42 to day 56)
in dairy cows. Transrectal ultrasonography (6–8 MHz) was performed in 100
Holstein-Friesian cows at days 28, 42 and 56 after artificial insemination (AI; day 0) to
diagnose pregnancy and to monitor the fate of the embryo. After ultrasound scanning of
each cow, a milk sample was collected for assessment of P4 by an ELISA test and a blood
sample was collected for assessment of bPAG-1, by using a double-antibody
radioimmunoassay, and serum NO metabolites (nitrate + nitrite). Based on ultrasonographic
examinations and bPAG-1-RIA, 41 of 100 inseminated cows were confirmed pregnant at day 28
after AI. Nine cows suffered of LEM, and 6 cows suffered of EFM and the overall pregnancy
loss rate was 36.6% (15/41) between days 28 and 56 of pregnancy. By logistic regression
analysis, there were no significant relationships between the level of P4 and bPAG-1 at
day 28 after AI and the occurrence of LEM and EFM. Also, there were no significant
relationships between the levels of P4 and bPAG-1 at day 42 and the occurrence of EFM. On
the other hand, a significant relationship (P<0.05) was found between NO level at day
28 and the occurrence of LEM. In conclusion, measurement of the serum NO concentration at
day 28 of pregnancy might help to predict the outcome of pregnancy by day 42 in dairy cows
but further studies are needed to confirm this. 相似文献
7.
PE Sbardella RR Ulguim DL Fontana CV Ferrari ML Bernardi I Wentz FP Bortolozzo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(1):59-64
The study evaluated the reproductive performance of primiparous sows submitted to post‐cervical insemination (PCAI) compared with cervical artificial insemination (CAI). Difficulty with catheter introduction, the occurrence of bleeding or semen backflow during insemination, and volume and sperm cell backflow up to 60 min after insemination were also evaluated. Sows were homogenously distributed, according to body weight loss in lactation, lactation length, weaned piglets, weaning‐to‐oestrus interval and total born in previous farrowing, in two treatments: PCAI (n = 165) with 1.5 × 109 sperm cells in 45 ml (2.4 ± 0.04 doses per sow) and CAI (n = 165) with 3 × 109 sperm cells in 90 ml (2.5 ± 0.04 doses per sow). During PCAI, sows were inseminated in the absence of boars. Transabdominal real‐time ultrasonography was performed at oestrus onset, immediately before the first insemination and at 24 h after last insemination. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between treatments in farrowing rate (91.5% × 89.1%) and litter size (12.5 × 11.9 piglets born, respectively for PCAI and CAI sows). Successful passage of the intrauterine catheter in all the inseminations was possible in 86.8% (165/190) of sows initially allocated to PCAI treatment. Difficulty of introducing the catheter in at least one insemination did not affect the reproductive performance of PCAI sows (P > 0.05). Bleeding during insemination did not affect (P > 0.05) the farrowing rate in both treatments, but litter size was reduced in CAI and PCAI sows (P ≤ 0.06). Percentage of spermatozoa present in backflow within 1 h after insemination was greater in CAI than PCAI sows (P < 0.01). More than 85% of primiparous sows can be successfully post‐cervical inseminated with doses containing 1.5 × 109 sperm cells in the absence of the boar during insemination without impairing the reproductive performance. 相似文献
8.
S. M. Kirchner L. H. Hiltunen J. Santala T. F. Döring J. Ketola A. Kankaala E. Virtanen J. P. T. Valkonen 《Potato Research》2014,57(1):59-75
Potato virus Y (PVY) is a major pathogen of potato and transmitted non-persistently by aphids. Aphis fabae is the main vector of PVY in the High Grade Seed Potato Production Area (HG area) in Finland, where the number of aphids and infection pressure with PVY are rather low, but problems with PVY occur in PVY-susceptible cultivars. The aim of the study was to test straw mulch, mineral oil, birch extract, and insecticides for control of PVY in small-scale field experiments and, additionally, at farm level in growers’ fields in the HG area of Finland. The insecticide esfenvalerate reduced the incidence of PVY in the progeny tubers by 29% in one of the 3 years, whereas other chemical treatments or birch extract had no significant effect on PVY incidence. Spraying foliage with mineral oil (Sunoco 11 E/3) reduced the incidence of PVY in 2 years by 43 to 58%, respectively. Straw mulch spread to the field at the time of plant emergence reduced PVY incidence in all 3 years by 50–70%. At farm level, straw mulch reduced the incidence of PVY in the progeny tubers by 25–47%, respectively, in both years tested; however, combining application of straw mulch and mineral oil did not further reduce incidence of PVY. Successful control of PVY in the HG area of Finland using straw mulch may be explained by transmission of PVY early in the growing season at the time of plant emergence and the relatively low number of vector aphids. 相似文献
9.
Field trial of a staphylococcal mastitis vaccine in dairy herds: clinical, subclinical and microbiological assessments 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Objective To assess the efficacy of a new staphylococcal mastitis vaccine under commercial dairying conditions.
Design A field trial involving 1819 cows and heifers conducted on seven dairy herds in Victoria. The trial was done 'blind'; approximately half the animals were vaccinated and the remainder were untreated controls.
Procedure The vaccine was given twice during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. Effects of vaccination were assessed, during the ensuing lactation, on the basis of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis and microbiological investigations of the milk.
Results A total of 273 cases of clinical mastitis were recorded. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 112 of these, 45 cases in vaccinates and 67 cases in controls; the difference was not statistically significant. One herd was notable in having a high incidence of clinical staphylococcal mastitis. This herd accounted for 15.8% of the animals in the field trial but 54.5% of cases of clinical staphylococcal mastitis. For this herd, vaccinated animals had significantly lower incidence of clinical staphylococcal mastitis and prevalence of subclinical mastitis, relative to controls. An unexpected feature of the trial as a whole was the low incidence of clinical mastitis from which S aureus was isolated in pure culture (26.3% of cases) and the high incidence of clinical Streptococcus uberis mastitis (22.7% of cases).
Conclusions The trial showed that the vaccine was efficacious in reducing the incidence of clinical mastitis and prevalence of subclinical mastitis in a herd that had a serious staphylococcal mastitis problem. 相似文献
Design A field trial involving 1819 cows and heifers conducted on seven dairy herds in Victoria. The trial was done 'blind'; approximately half the animals were vaccinated and the remainder were untreated controls.
Procedure The vaccine was given twice during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. Effects of vaccination were assessed, during the ensuing lactation, on the basis of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis and microbiological investigations of the milk.
Results A total of 273 cases of clinical mastitis were recorded. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 112 of these, 45 cases in vaccinates and 67 cases in controls; the difference was not statistically significant. One herd was notable in having a high incidence of clinical staphylococcal mastitis. This herd accounted for 15.8% of the animals in the field trial but 54.5% of cases of clinical staphylococcal mastitis. For this herd, vaccinated animals had significantly lower incidence of clinical staphylococcal mastitis and prevalence of subclinical mastitis, relative to controls. An unexpected feature of the trial as a whole was the low incidence of clinical mastitis from which S aureus was isolated in pure culture (26.3% of cases) and the high incidence of clinical Streptococcus uberis mastitis (22.7% of cases).
Conclusions The trial showed that the vaccine was efficacious in reducing the incidence of clinical mastitis and prevalence of subclinical mastitis in a herd that had a serious staphylococcal mastitis problem. 相似文献
10.