Changes in soil organic carbon in a clay loam soil following ploughing and reseeding of permanent grassland under temperate moist climatic conditions     

M. Necpálová  D. Li  G. Lanigan  I. A. Casey  W. Burchill  J. Humphreys 《Grass and Forage Science》2014,69(4):611-624

This study investigated changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) in a poorly drained clay loam soil under (i) permanent grassland (PG) over 7 years and (ii) after PG renovation over 2·5 years. The experimental area was divided into four blocks with four paddocks per block. Composite soil samples from each PG block were taken to 30‐cm depth on five occasions between 2004 and 2011. In June 2008, one paddock per block was renovated by ploughing and reseeding and sampled as above on the latter four occasions. Renovation decreased SOC (P < 0·05) by 32·2 t ha^?1 in the 2·5 years following ploughing; the difference developed almost entirely (86%) in the first four months. Renovation had no effect on above‐ground productivity, standing root and stubble phytomass or on dissolved organic matter leaching. Therefore, soil respiration was considered to be a single potential pathway responsible for the SOC loss from renovated grassland. Although a simple linear regression indicated a tendency for PG to accumulate SOC, there was no evidence of recovery in SOC to previous levels following renovation during the study period. These results could have implications for greenhouse gas inventories in countries where PG is an important land‐use type.  相似文献   

Combined zoledronic acid and meloxicam reduced bone loss and tumour growth in an orthotopic mouse model of bone‐invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma          下载免费PDF全文

C. K. Martin  W. P. Dirksen  M. M. Carlton  L. G. Lanigan  S. P. Pillai  J. L. Werbeck  J. K. Simmons  B. E. Hildreth III  C. A. London  R. E. Toribio  T. J. Rosol 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2015,13(3):203-217

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is common in cats and humans and invades oral bone. We hypothesized that the cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitor, meloxicam, with the bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid (ZOL), would inhibit tumour growth, osteolysis and invasion in feline OSCC xenografts in mice. Human and feline OSCC cell lines expressed COX‐1 and COX‐2 and the SCCF2 cells had increased COX‐2 mRNA expression with bone conditioned medium. Luciferase‐expressing feline SCCF2Luc cells were injected beneath the perimaxillary gingiva and mice were treated with 0.1 mg kg^?1 ZOL twice weekly, 0.3 mg kg^?1 meloxicam daily, combined ZOL and meloxicam, or vehicle. ZOL inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption at the tumour–bone interface. Meloxicam was more effective than ZOL at reducing xenograft growth but did not affect osteoclastic bone resorption. Although a synergistic effect of combined ZOL and meloxicam was not observed, combination therapy was well‐tolerated and may be useful in the clinical management of bone‐invasive feline OSCC.  相似文献   

Survey of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in Saskatchewan beef herds     

Murray Jelinski  Emily Lanigan  John Gilleard  Cheryl Waldner  Grant Royan 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2016,57(2):160-163

A survey of gastrointestinal parasites in Saskatchewan beef herds was conducted over the summer of 2014. Fecal samples were collected on 3 occasions during the summer grazing season from beef cows and calves from 14 herds. The mean number of strongylid eggs per gram of feces recovered from calves increased 9-fold (95% CI: 4.5 to 18) over the summer period, while egg counts in the cows remained constant over the same period. The prevalence and infection intensities of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in cow-calf herds in Saskatchewan were comparable to what is seen in cattle grazing in the northern regions of the United States and for which anthelmintic treatments have resulted in positive production benefits.  相似文献   

Optimising soil P levels reduces N2O emissions in grazing systems under different N fertilisation     

Rosie Mary O’Neill  Amanuel Woldeselassie Gebremichael  Gary J. Lanigan  Florence Renou-Wilson  Christoph Müller  Karl G. Richards 《European Journal of Soil Science》2022,73(4):e13283

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Conservation tillage systems: a review of its consequences for greenhouse gas emissions     

M. Abdalla  B. Osborne  G. Lanigan  D. Forristal  M. Williams  P. Smith  M. B. Jones 《Soil Use and Management》2013,29(2):199-209

Conservation tillage (CT) is an umbrella term encompassing many types of tillage and residue management systems that aim to achieve sustainable and profitable agriculture. Through a global review of CT research, the objective of this paper was to investigate the impacts of CT on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Based on the analysis presented, CT should be developed within the context of specific climates and soils. A number of potential disadvantages in adopting CT practices were identified, relating mainly to enhanced nitrous oxide emissions, together with a number of advantages that would justify its wider adoption. Almost all studies examined showed that the adoption of CT practices reduced carbon dioxide emissions, while also contributing to increases in soil organic carbon and improvements in soil structure.  相似文献   

Can the agronomic performance of urea equal calcium ammonium nitrate across nitrogen rates in temperate grassland?          下载免费PDF全文

P. J. Forrestal  M. A. Harty  R. Carolan  C. J. Watson  G. J. Lanigan  D. P. Wall  D. Hennessy  K. G. Richards 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(2):243-251

In temperate grassland, urea has been shown to have lower nitrous oxide emissions compared to ammonium nitrate‐based fertilizer and is less expensive. However, nitrogen (N) loss via ammonia volatilization from urea raises questions regarding yield performance and efficiency. This study compares the yield and N offtake of grass fertilized with urea, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and urea treated with the urease inhibitor N‐(n ‐ butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) at six site‐years. Five annual fertilizer N rates (100–500 kg N/ha) were applied in five equal splits of 20–100 kg N/ha during the growing season. On average, urea produced slightly better yields than CAN in spring (103.5% of CAN yield) and slightly poorer yields in summer (98.4% of CAN yield). There was no significant difference in annual grass yield between urea, CAN and urea + NBPT. Urea had the lowest cost per tonne of DM grass yield produced. However, the urea treatment had lower N offtake than CAN and this difference was more pronounced as the N rate increased. There was no difference in N offtake between urea + NBPT and CAN. While this study shows that urea produced yields comparable to CAN, urea apparent fertilizer N recovery (AFNR) tends to be lower. Urea selection in place of CAN will increase national ammonia emissions which is problematic for countries with targets to reduce ammonia emissions. Promisingly, NBPT allows the agronomic performance of urea to consistently equal CAN across N rates by addressing the ammonia loss limitations of urea.  相似文献   

Does soil biology hold the key to optimized slurry management? A manifesto for research     

J. A. Harris  S. F. Tyrrel  K. Ritz  G. J. Lanigan  B. S. Griffiths  F. P. Brennan  F. Bourdin  P. A. Massey  E. L. Moynihan  N. E. Rogers  M. G. Kibblewhite  M. Pawlett  R. Sakrabani  N. J. Hoekstra  R. E. Creamer  R. P. O. Schulte  K. G. Richards 《Soil Use and Management》2011,27(4):464-469

The application of agricultural biosolids to land is likely to increase on farms as pressures intensify to manage nutrients and carbon, especially with regard to slurry. Although much work has been carried out in this area, it has tended to focus on specific aspects of the application‐use cycle, without a coherent framework and notably the role of soil biology has been little studied in this context, or considered appropriately in the development and application of slurry management systems. In this review article we present a hypothesis that the configuration of the soil microbial community is determined by the history of long‐term inputs to which the community has been subjected and that the resultant configuration determines the instantaneous responses of the associated soil to the presence of slurries, and posit a set of critical questions which would effectively test this.  相似文献   

Bromosulphophthalein clearance rates in sheep with pyrrolizidine liver damage.     

G W Lanigan  J E Peterson 《Australian veterinary journal》1979,55(5):220-224

Sheep fed a ration containing 50% of dried Heliotropium europaeum showed a marked decline in bromosulphophthalein (BSP) fractional clearance rate during the first 3 months feeding. Thereafter, the response of individual animals varied widely on a time basis, although 3 groups could be identified. In the terminal stages, mean clearance rates were below 20% of initial values, with some sheep showing a decline in excess of 90%. Loss of liver functional capacity was generally much greater than indicated by the degree of damage revealed by histopathology. Thus, a suitably modified test could have considerable prognostic value in the field. In this investigation, all sheep with clearance rates below 0.15 died when exposed to a further period of H. europaeum feeding.  相似文献   

Can nitrogen input mapping from aerial imagery improve nitrous oxide emissions estimates from grazed grassland?     

Maire  Juliette  Gibson-Poole  Simon  Cowan  Nicholas  Krol  Dominika  Somers  Cathal  Reay  Dave S.  Skiba  Ute  Rees  Robert M.  Lanigan  Gary J.  Richards  Karl G. 《Precision Agriculture》2022,23(5):1743-1774

Precision Agriculture - Most nitrogen (N) lost to the environment from grazed grassland is produced as a result of N excreted by livestock, released in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions,...  相似文献