Detection of chlamydial antibody by fetal serology--an aid to the diagnosis of ovine abortion.     

H E Kennedy  S J McCullough  D Graham  J Cassidy  F E Malone  W A Ellis 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2001,13(1):30-35

Two serological tests (indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were developed for the detection of fetal antibody to Chlamydia psittaci. Fetal blood and thoracic fluid from 126 field cases of suspected ovine chlamydial abortion were examined using both tests. Placenta and fetal tissues (lung, liver, and kidney) from the same animals were also examined by the following conventional diagnostic methods: isolation in McCoy cells, detection of chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), modified Ziehl-Nielsen staining, and direct fluorescent antibody staining of chlamydia in frozen cryostat sections. Seventy cases were positive by fetal serology, and of these, 68 were also positive by isolation and/or LPS detection. The remaining 56 cases had negative fetal serology, and of these, 39 were positive by isolation and/or LPS detection. Results indicate that fetal serology, although less sensitive than either isolation in McCoy cells or detection of chlamydial LPS antigen, may be of particular use when placenta is not available.  相似文献   

Preventing nuclear war     

Malone TF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,223(4634):340

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Investigations into an outbreak of tuberculosis in a flock of sheep in contact with tuberculous cattle     

Malone FE  Wilson EC  Pollock JM  Skuce RA 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2003,50(10):500-504

Tuberculosis, associated with Mycobacterium bovis infection, occurs infrequently in sheep. A sheep flock, which was potentially exposed to a high level of infection from in-contact tuberculous cattle, was examined for evidence of infection. Six sheep that had given a positive reaction to the comparative intradermal tuberculin test were examined post mortem. Tuberculous lesions were present in four of these sheep. Lesion morphology and distribution in the sheep was similar to that in cattle. M. bovis was cultured from the lesions and the isolates were strain typed by spoligotyping and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) typing. Tuberculin-reacting sheep also reacted positively to an assay for in vitro release of interferon-gamma. This paper describes the first report of an outbreak of tuberculosis in sheep in either Britain or Ireland. The report describes immunology and pathology findings and, using molecular typing techniques, suggests that the sheep had been infected from in-contact cattle.  相似文献   

A cross-sectional coprological survey of liver flukes in cattle and sheep from an area of the southern Italian Apennines   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Cringoli G  Rinaldi L  Veneziano V  Capelli G  Malone JB 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,108(2):137-143

A cross-sectional coprological survey of liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) was conducted on 81 bovine farms and 197 ovine farms with animals pasturing in an area (3971 km(2)) of the southern Italian Apennines. The farms were selected to be uniformly distributed throughout the study area using geographical information system (GIS) software. Between June 1999 and March 2000, faecal samples were collected from 975 cattle and 3940 sheep and examined using a modified McMaster technique. The results were subjected to statistical analysis and point distribution maps (PDMs) were drawn by GIS.Cattle of 9 of the 81 (11.1%) farms were positive for F. hepatica and of 43 (53.1%) for D. dendriticum. Sheep of 8 of the 197 (4.1%) farms were positive for F. hepatica and of 133 (67.5%) for D. dendriticum. Co-infection was found in cattle of 2 (2.5%) farms, and in sheep of 8 (4.1%) farms.The findings of the present survey show that D. dendriticum was the predominant liver fluke found in cattle and sheep with respect to egg count numbers for both farms and animals. In addition, the general trends of the PDMs show that D. dendriticum was widely and homogeneously spread throughout the study area, whereas F. hepatica was present only in a few concentrated zones of the study area that had both positive bovine and positive ovine farms.  相似文献   

Molting and Mortality of Red Swamp and White River Crawfish Subjected to Eyestalk Ablation: A Preliminary Study for Commercial Soft-Shell Crawfish Production   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shulin  Chen Ronald F.  Malone  Jay V.  Huner 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1993,24(1):48-57

Eyestalk ablation may reduce the cost of soft-shell crawfish production by reducing the molt interval. In this study, both immature and mature red swamp crawfish Procambarus clarkii and white river crawfish Procambarus zonangulus , formally Procambarus actus actus (Hobbs and Hobbs 1990), were ablated using a pair of modified pliers and placed in a recirculating system. Molting percentages, mortalities and mean molt intervals of the ablated crawfish were analyzed.
Eyestalk ablation resulted in dramatic reduction of molt intervals and mortalities comparable with the current commercial (non-ablation) soft-shell crawfish production systems. The mean molt intervals of the ablated red swamp crawfish ranged from 6.7 to 7.8 days for immature and 9.2 days for mature animals; whereas, the molt interval of ablated white river crawfish was 8.9 and 11.2 days for immature and mature animals, respectively. Mortalities obtained in this study ranged from 20 to 48% and 32 to 66% for immature and mature crawfish, respectively. During the experiments, molting percentages and mortalities were not consistent. Secondary treatments such as air clotting and cauterization did not alter mortality significantly.  相似文献   

Bench-Scale Evaluation of a Micro-Computer Automated Algal Turbidostat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kelly A.  Rusch Ronald F.  Malone 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1993,24(3):379-389

A bench-scale, micro-computer automated algal turbidostat was constructed and its production and culture maintenance capabilities were evaluated. The computer program "Supervisor," written in Turbo Pascal, consisted of a series of functions and procedures integrated through a core program consisting of a: 1) stack; 2) bubble sort routine; and 3) supervisor procedure. The program controlled the daily routine procedures including harvesting, feeding, monitoring and a semimonthly disinfection process. Data received from the monitoring devices were used by the computer for decision making processes concerning changes in operation. In addition to reducing labor, continuous computer monitoring insured more reliable system operation.
The system operated successfully for five months, reliably producing Chlorella minutissima . For each harvesting event, the percent volume removed from each chamber depended on the solar cell reading recorded immediately before the harvest cycle began. Significant correlations between millivolts and algal biomass concentrations allowed the use of solar cells as a reliable and inexpensive method of culture density management. Kinetic studies using Chlorella minutissima resulted in a maximum biomass concentration of approximately 190 g/m³ and an average specific growth rate of 0.66/d. Experimental data combined with a first order computer analysis projected a daily harvest of 82 g/m³/d (dry weight) based on a 38% turnover rate, the average observed harvest rate for the three chambers.  相似文献   

A mathematical model for soft-shell crawfish production     

Shulin Chen  R.F. Malone 《Aquacultural Engineering》1992,11(4):217-229

A mathematical model was developed for soft-shell crawfish production management based on the assumption that the crawfish molt interval follows a normal distribution. The mean and standard deviation of the molt interval, the two main parameters of the model, were estimated to be 48 and 15 days, respectively, based on experimental data for the red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii). The model was further verified through comparison with experimental data. Simulations using the model were conducted to evaluate the impact of mortality and management strategies upon soft-shell crawfish production. The results indicated that mortality is a major factor in determining the production rate of a soft-shell crawfish facility. For a 6-month operation period, the predicted total production is 263% of the loading capacity for a mortality rate of 1%/day. This production will drop to 101% of the loading capacity with a mortality rate of 5%/day. Besides variations in the mortality rate, loading and replacement strategies also affect soft-shell crawfish operation, as demonstrated by the simulation results.  相似文献   

Development and validation of a soil-based geographic information system model of habitat of Fossaria bulimoides, a snail intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica     

Stanley H. Zukowski  John M. Hill  Farrell W. Jones  John B. Malone 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1991,11(3-4):221-227

Soil maps were investigated for their potential to indicate the spatial distribution of habitat of the amphibious snail, Fossaria bulimoides, the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica in Louisiana. On a 760 ha farm adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico, most snail habitats clustered along interfaces of cheniers (relict beaches with sandy soils) with marsh (heavy, gleyed clays). A few small foci occurred on the cheniers above interfaces. Virtually no habitats occupied marsh away from these interfaces, on this or several other farms previously examined. Habitat and soil map overlays were analyzed in a raster-based geographic information system (GIS) with a 10 m pixel size; a model of habitat was generated as bands 50–90 m wide at chenier-marsh interfaces. The model was extrapolated to a 29 000 ha study area and tested on 12 additional farms not adjacent to the Gulf. On these farms, snail surveys were carried out as transects on three strata: waveface (WF, former beachfront) and backslope (BS) chenier-marsh interfaces, and chenier. The perimeters of all habitats encountered were outlined. The interface of marsh with chenier backslopes occupied 5.25% of the area of the farms, but held 21.69% of snail habitat area. Additionally, chenier soils of the Hackberry-Mermentau complex (HM) occupied 12.32% of farm area, but held 61.39% of habitat. Habitat area was related by regression analysis to the proportion of farm consisting of HM soils (r² = 0.41, P < 0.05).  相似文献   

Galactose toxicity in the chick: hyperosmolality     

J I Malone  H J Wells  S Segal 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,174(12):952-954

Galactose-fed chicks have been found to develop severe hyperosmolar dehydration. Although biochemical abnormalities have been observed in the brain of the galactose-toxic chick, the observed physiologic alteration of serum osmolality could be the major factor responsible for the galactose toxicity syndrome in the chick.  相似文献   

Comparison of two questionnaires to assess gastrointestinal toxicity in dogs and cats treated with chemotherapy*     

Malone EK  Rassnick KM  Bailey DB  Kiselow MA  Erb HN 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2011,9(3):225-231

Questionnaires completed by pet owners are widely used instruments to monitor adverse gastrointestinal (GI) effects in the owners' animals undergoing chemotherapy and for reporting toxicoses in clinical trials; however, no questionnaires have been formally evaluated. This study compares two questionnaire-based evaluations of adverse GI events: a basic, open-ended questionnaire and a detailed questionnaire modelled after the grading in the Veterinary Co-operative Oncology Group-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE). Owners completed both questionnaires after their dog or cat received moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Results were used to derive toxicity grades for anorexia, vomiting and diarrhoea. We evaluated 123 pairs of questionnaires. Disagreement in grade of anorexia, vomiting and diarrhoea was found in 24, 7 and 13% of paired questionnaires, respectively (κ = 0.63, 0.83 and 0.71, respectively). Although 'good' to 'very good' agreement was found, the potential for only 'fair' agreement between questionnaire methods is of concern and suggests a need to adopt a standardized form.  相似文献