Bacterial-associated diarrhea in the dog: a critical appraisal.     

Stanley L Marks  Elizabeth J Kather 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2003,33(5):1029-1060

The clinical documentation of enteropathogenic bacteria causing diarrhea in dogs is clouded by the presence of many of these organisms existing as normal constituents of the indigenous intestinal flora. The diagnosis of a putative bacterial enteropathogen(s) in dogs should be made based on a combination of parameters, including signalment and predisposing factors, clinical signs, serologic assays for toxins, fecal culture, and PCR. Relying on results of fecal culture alone is problematic, because C perfringens, C difficile, Campylobacter spp, and pathogenic and non-pathogenic E coli are commonly isolated from apparently healthy dogs [10,13,33]. Nevertheless, culture may be useful in procuring isolates for the application of molecular techniques, such as PCR, for detection of specific toxin genes or molecular typing of isolated strains to establish clonality in suspected outbreaks. The oversimplistic attempt to characterize bacterially associated diarrhea by anatomic localization of clinical signs should be discouraged, because most of the previously mentioned bacteria have been associated with small and large intestinal diarrhea. Accurate diagnosis of infections may require diagnostic laboratories to incorporate PCR-based assays using genus- and species-specific primers to facilitate detection of toxin genes and differentiation of species that appear phenotypically and biochemically similar. There has been tremendous interest in the application of microarray technology for the simultaneous detection of thousands of genes or target DNA sequences on one glass slide. This powerful tool could be used for detection of specific pathogenic bacterial strains in fecal specimens obtained from dogs in the future.  相似文献   

Aflatoxin susceptibility of selected and control Japanese quail lines     

H. L. Marks  R. D. Wyatt 《British poultry science》1980,21(1):29-36

1. The influence of aflatoxin on growth and mortality of diverse lines of quail was studied in five trials.

2. Feeding 5 or 10 /μg aflatoxin/g diet from 4 to 7 weeks of age resulted in significant decreases in body‐weight gain in all lines.

3. Similar gains for all treatments during the third week of feeding indicated that body weights were reduced only during the first two weeks.

4. Crop intubation with 4 or 8 mg aflatoxin/kg body weight resulted in different mortality patterns for the selected and control quail lines.  相似文献   

新春祝辞     

王泰健 《中国兽药杂志》2005,39(2):1-1

值此农历乙酉年新春佳节之际,我谨代表中国兽医药品监察所,向工作在全国兽药科研、生产、检验、销售一线的全体同仁,以及所有关心、支持和帮助我们工作的各位领导和朋友们拜年,并致以新春的祝贺!衷心地祝愿大家在新的一年里,工作顺利,身体健康,阖家幸福,万事如意!  相似文献   

Consistency of faecal scoring using two canine faecal scoring systems     

C. L. Cavett  M. Tonero  S. L. Marks  J. A. Winston  C. Gilor  A. J. Rudinsky 《The Journal of small animal practice》2021,62(3):167-173

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Association of folate concentrations with clinical signs and laboratory markers of chronic enteropathy in dogs     

Tarini V. Ullal  Stanley L. Marks  Sara N. Huebner  Sandra L. Taylor  Courtney D. Shelley 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2023,37(2):455-464

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Frontier medicine: the future and integrative medicine.     

C Ross  K K Haussler  J D Kenney  D Marks  J J Bertone  K Henneman  K J May 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2001,17(2):351-377

Vigorous and prolonged effort is required to gain true mastery of the healing arts. Conventional and complementary medicine have complementary strengths and weaknesses. Like the yin and yang of traditional Chinese medicine, they naturally flow into one another by a process of induction, creating balance. Integrative medicine is the frontier; it is the future. If we are to progress beyond our current understanding and ability to heal, we must work with theoretic models that allow us and our perception to operate "outside the box." For some, this understanding is intuitive. It is through cooperative and collaborative efforts of intuitively adept and technologically adept minds that we can integrate and advance our understanding; increase our ability to predict, prevent, and diagnose disease; and expand our therapeutic options.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Rodenticide poisoning in a dog     

McGuire NC  Williams J  Marks SL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,214(8):1157-1158

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Antimicrobial susceptibilities of canine Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens isolates to commonly utilized antimicrobial drugs     

Marks SL  Kather EJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,94(1):39-45

Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens are anaerobic, Gram-positive bacilli that are common causes of enteritis and enterotoxemias in both domestic animals and humans. Both organisms have been associated with acute and chronic large and small bowel diarrhea, and acute hemorrhagic diarrheal syndrome in the dog. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of canine C. difficile and C. perfringens isolates in an effort to optimize antimicrobial therapy for dogs with clostridial-associated diarrhea. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics recommended for treating C. difficile (metronidazole, vancomycin) and C. perfringens-associated diarrhea in the dog (ampicillin, erythromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, tylosin) were determined for 70 canine fecal C. difficile isolates and 131 C. perfringens isolates. All C. difficile isolates tested had an MIC of or=256 microg/ml for both erythromycin and tylosin. A third C. perfringens isolate had an MIC of 32 microg/ml for metronidazole. Based on the results of this study, ampicillin, erythromycin, metronidazole, and tylosin appear to be effective antibiotics for the treatment of C. perfringens-associated diarrhea, although resistant strains do exist. However, because there is limited information regarding breakpoints for veterinary anaerobes, and because intestinal concentrations are not known, in vitro results should be interpreted with caution.  相似文献   

Personal and family backgrounds of first-year veterinary science students at The University of Queensland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

TJ HEATH 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(12):902-905

Objective To provide information on changes in the social and educational backgrounds of veterinary students over a 10 year period in an effort to determine the extent to which they are representative of the community.
Methods Questionnaires were completed by first-year veterinary students at The University of Queensland in 1985 and 1986 (152 students), and 1995 and 1996 (154), and the data were analysed using the SAS System for Windows.
Results The gender ratio of first-year veterinary students was 50:50 (male:female) in 1985 and 1986 but 10 years later it had changed to 38:62. In 1985 and 1986 77% had come directly from school, with 43% of the total coming from government schools, 17% from Catholic schools and 34% from other private (Independent) schools. A decade later the percentage coming directly from school had decreased to 40%, that from Independent schools increased to 45% and that from cities increased from 53% to 64%. The educational backgrounds of parents varied widely though a high percentage had university degrees; mothers had received less formal education than fathers, and the educational attainments of both parents were higher at the beginning than at the end of the study. More than half (57% initially; 67% 10 years later) the fathers were in professional or managerial occupations, and a similar number (50% initially; 48% 10 years later) of mothers were teachers, nurses or clerks. The number of males from country areas decreased from 26 to 16 over this period.
Conclusion These veterinary students differed from the community generally in that progressively more were female, more were from Independent schools, their parents had more formal education and more of their parents were in professional, managerial or clerical occupations.  相似文献   

Bilateral ureteral tears in a foal     

TJ CUTLER  RJ MACKAY  CM JOHNSON  R. PAPENDICK 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(6):413-415

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