Real-time polymerase chain reaction testing for the detection of Mycobacterium genavense and Mycobacterium avium complex species in avian samples   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tell LA  Leutenegger CM  Larsen RS  Agnew DW  Keener L  Needham ML  Rideout BA 《Avian diseases》2003,47(4):1406-1415

Diagnosis of avian mycobacteriosis, caused by Mycobacterium genavense or species belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), is problematic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers rapid and sensitive detection of minute quantities of DNA, and conventional protocols have been used for evaluating avian specimens. The recent development of real-time PCR offers several advantages over conventional PCR. In attempts to improve diagnosing avian mycobacteriosis, a real-time TaqMan PCR assay was developed targeting the 65-kD heat shock protein gene of M. genavense and MAC spp. Nineteen reference isolates, 16 clinical isolates, and 32 avian tissue samples were used to evaluate the assay. When sufficient amplicons were produced, the species of mycobacteria was determined by standard sequencing of TaqMan PCR products and compared with results from commercial mycobacteriology laboratories and/or standard sequencing of conventional PCR products. The TaqMan PCR detected DNA from reference isolates of M. genavense, MAC spp., and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex spp. Of the clinical isolates, the TaqMan PCR detected DNA from 10 of 12 Mycobacterium avium avium isolates and two of three Mycobacterium avium intracellulare isolates. For the tissue samples, the TaqMan PCR amplified DNA in six of nine samples that were identified by sequencing of conventional PCR products and/or by commercial mycobacteriology laboratories as being MAC spp. positive and three of four samples that were positive for M. genavense. There was some disagreement between speciation results from the TaqMan PCR and those from commercial mycobacteriology laboratories or conventional PCR or both. This disagreement was suspected to be because of relatively small numbers of base pairs in the TaqMan PCR products. The TaqMan PCR may provide a useful tool for evaluating clinical samples for DNA from mycobacteria species that most commonly infect birds; however, further refinement is needed in order to improve sensitivity and provide more accurate speciation.  相似文献   

Extending the Encounter–Norm–Crowding Generalization to Angler Evaluations of Other Social and Resource Indicators     

Mark D. Needham  Jerry J. Vaske  Doug Whittaker  Maureen P. Donnelly 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2014,19(3):288-299

Recreationists who encounter more people than their normative tolerance for seeing others usually feel more crowded than those encountering fewer than their norm. This research note extends this observation–norm–evaluation relationship (e.g., encounter–norm–crowding) to other evaluations and indicators. Data were from a survey of anglers on the Gulkana National Wild River in Alaska (n = 288). Respondents who encountered more people than their norm felt more crowded than those encountering fewer than their norm. When impacts from other social indicators (e.g., camping within sight or sound of other groups, fishing area competition) exceeded user norms, crowding was higher and satisfaction with overall trip quality was lower than for those experiencing less than their norms. When impacts from resource indicators (e.g., litter, impacted campsites) exceeded norms, satisfaction with both environmental quality and trip quality were lower than for those experiencing less than their norms. The encounter–norm– crowding generalization, therefore, extended to other indicators and evaluations.  相似文献   

William Perry Hay 1871-1947     

Needham JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1947,105(2732):490

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LAST CALL FOR CULTURE METHODS     

Lutz FE  Galtsoff PS  Welch PS  Needham JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1935,81(2098):272-273

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METHODS OF SECURING BETTER COOPERATION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND LABORATORY ZOOLOGISTS IN THE SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS OF GENERAL OR NATIONAL IMPORTANCE     

Howard LO  Needham JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1919,49(1272):453-458

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PRACTICAL NOMENCLATURE     

Needham JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1910,32(818):295-300

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IS THE COURSE FOR COLLEGE ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS BEST FOR THOSE WHO GO NO FURTHER?     

Needham JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1904,19(486):650-656

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HUNTER OR HUSBANDMAN     

Needham JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1917,45(1164):376-377

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OF HUMAN INTEREST     

Needham JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1928,68(1771):559-560

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Antigenic relationship of the picorna-like virus of larval barramundi, Lates calcarifer Bloch to the nodavirus of larval striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider)     

BL MUNDAY  T NAKAI  HD NGUYEN 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(11):384-385

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