Influence of fungicide residues on the primary fermentation of young lager beer     

Navarro S  Pérez G  Navarro G  Mena L  Vela N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1295-1300

The effect of four sterol biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides added to the pitching wort on the evolution of several organoleptic parameters during the primary fermentation of young lager beer was assessed. Pyrimidine (nuarimol and fenarimol) and triazole (myclobutanil and propiconazole) fungicides were individually supplied to the pitching wort to obtain a concentration of 1 mg/L. A marked influence in the fermentation rate was observed for the samples with propiconazole residues. From the fourth day onward, the fermentation prematurely ceased (stuck fermentation), and therefore, statistical significant differences were found in fermented extract, alcohol content, fermentable carbohydrates, pH, color, and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of beer. Myclobutanil residues are only influenced in the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, while differences in the analyzed parameters were not noticeable for the samples containing nuarimol and fenarimol residues in comparison with the blank sample.  相似文献   

Banker plants and landscape composition influence colonisation precocity of tomato greenhouses by mirid predators     

Ardanuy  Agn&#;s  Figueras  Mart&#;  Matas  Montserrat  Arn&#;  Judit  Agust&#;  Nuria  Alomar  &#;scar  Albajes  Ramon  Gabarra  Rosa 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(1):447-459

Journal of Pest Science - Conservation biological control involves manipulation of the environment to enhance the effectiveness of natural enemies in controlling crop pests. In this study, we...  相似文献   

Use of sewage sludge in silvopastoral systems under Pinus radiata D. Don: soil,tree growth,and pasture production     

Rigueiro-Rodríguez  Antonio  Mosquera-Losada  María Rosa  Ferreiro-Domínguez  Nuria 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(5):867-880

Agroforestry Systems - Short-term production in silvopastoral systems is often limited due to inappropriate soil-fertility management. Sewage sludge fertilisation could enhance productivity of...  相似文献   

A Modeling Study of the Impact of a Power Plant on Ground-Level Ozone in Relation to its Location: Southwestern Spain as a Case Study     

Nuria Castell  Enrique Mantilla  Ariel F. Stein  Rosa Salvador  Millán Millán 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,209(1-4):61-79

The impact of atmospheric industrial emissions on secondary pollutant formation depends on many factors; one of the most important being the environmental setting in which the industry is located. The environmental setting affects an industry’s impact on ozone levels through both the air mass dispersion (a function of topography and wind patterns) and the emissions of organic volatile compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) in the area. This model-based study shows how the sensitivity of surface ozone changes with the choice of source location. For the analysis, seven points distributed along the Tinto–Guadalquivir Basin (in the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula) were selected. This area is characterized by the close proximity of natural environments and crop fields to cities, roads, and industrial areas with high NO _x emissions. Natural VOC emissions represent more than 60% of the total non-methane volatile organic compounds emitted in the study area. The results reveal that the largest increases in ozone levels are produced when the industry is located both far away from NO _x emission sources and near to biogenic VOC emissions. Furthermore, the highest increases over the hourly and 8-hourly maximums, as well as the highest accumulated daily values, are found in areas characterized by high VOC/NO _x emission ratios and NO _x sensitivity. The study of the recurrent meteorological patterns along with the distribution of chemical indicators of the O₃–NO _x –VOC sensitivity allows the determination of the industry’s geographical impact on ozone levels. This information enables air quality managers to decide the future location of an industry minimizing its impact on smog levels.  相似文献   

Effect of germination on the carbohydrate composition of the dietary fiber of peas (Pisum sativum L.)     

Martín-Cabrejas MA  Ariza N  Esteban R  Mollá E  Waldron K  López-Andréu FJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(5):1254-1259

The effect of different conditions of pea germination on dietary fiber (DF) composition was studied. Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) were subjected to acid hydrolysis, and the resultant neutral sugars, uronic acids, and Klason lignin were quantified. Germinated peas exhibited significantly higher contents of total dietary fiber (TDF) than the raw sample, due to the increases of both DF fractions. Under darkness conditions, germination exhibited the highest contents of IDF and SDF. Decreasing IDF/SDF ratios showed that the carbohydrate changes did not take place to the same extent during germination, the SDF fraction being the most affected. The detailed chemical composition of fiber fractions reveals increases of cellulose in the IDF of germinated samples, whereas SDF exhibits a decrease of pectic polysaccharides and also increases of polysaccharides rich in glucose and mannose. The DF results were corroborated by a comparative examination of the cell wall carbohydrate composition.  相似文献   

Persistence of simazine and terbuthylazine in a semiarid soil after organic amendment with urban sewage sludge     

Navarro S  Vela N  García C  Navarro G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(25):7359-7365

The persistence of two herbicides, simazine and terbuthylazine, and appearance of their principal dealkylated chloro-s-triazine metabolites have been studied in agricultural soil after the addition of urban sewage sludge as organic amendment. Both herbicides and metabolites were monitored during long-term laboratory incubation (140 days) and analyzed by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). Residues were confirmed by gas chromatography with a mass selective detector (GC-MSD). A sonication microextraction method was used to extract the compounds. The organic amendments used were urban sewage sludge and the humic fraction of this sludge, to increase the organic matter content of the soil from 1% to 2%. For both compounds, simazine and terbuthylazine, the degradation began earlier in the amended soils. Simazine showed a higher dissipation rate than terbuthylazine, the percentage of the former at the end of the experiment being lower than 2% in all cases, while for terbuthylazine the corresponding percentage ranged from 5% to 46%. Organic amendment, mainly its humic fraction, caused a certain stabilization of terbuthylazine in the soil, but did not greatly influence the residual amount of simazine at the end of the experiment. The periodic aeration of the soil caused a greater degradation in the case of terbuthylazine. Only mono-deethylsimazine and deethylterbuthylazine were isolated from the soil during the time the experiment lasted, while the di-deethylated metabolite of simazine was not found.  相似文献   

Bacterial pseudomycetoma in dwarf hamster, Phodopus sungorus     

Martorell J  Gallifa N  Fondevila D  Rabanal RM 《Veterinary dermatology》2006,17(6):449-452

A case of a dwarf hamster with two progressively growing nodules on the right fore limb is described. These were excised following ineffective medical treatment and were submitted for histopathological examination, which revealed bacterial pseudomycetoma in both nodules. To the authors' knowledge this is the first reported case of bacterial pseudomycetoma in a dwarf hamster.  相似文献   

Asymmetric segregation of polarized antigen on B cell division shapes presentation capacity     

Thaunat O  Granja AG  Barral P  Filby A  Montaner B  Collinson L  Martinez-Martin N  Harwood NE  Bruckbauer A  Batista FD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6067):475-479

During the activation of humoral immune responses, B cells acquire antigen for subsequent presentation to cognate T cells. Here we show that after mouse B cells accumulate antigen, it is maintained in a polarized distribution for extended periods in vivo. Using high-throughput imaging flow cytometry, we observed that this polarization is preserved during B cell division, promoting asymmetric antigen segregation among progeny. Antigen inheritance correlates with the ability of progeny to activate T cells: Daughter cells receiving larger antigen stores exhibit a prolonged capacity to present antigen, which renders them more effective in competing for T cell help. The generation of progeny with differential capacities for antigen presentation may have implications for somatic hypermutation and class switching during affinity maturation and as B cells commit to effector cell fates.  相似文献   

Composites reinforced in three dimensions by using low magnetic fields     

Erb RM  Libanori R  Rothfuchs N  Studart AR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6065):199-204

The orientation and distribution of reinforcing particles in artificial composites are key to enable effective reinforcement of the material in mechanically loaded directions, but remain poor if compared to the distinctive architectures present in natural structural composites such as teeth, bone, and seashells. We show that micrometer-sized reinforcing particles coated with minimal concentrations of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (0.01 to 1 volume percent) can be controlled by using ultralow magnetic fields (1 to 10 milliteslas) to produce synthetic composites with tuned three-dimensional orientation and distribution of reinforcements. A variety of structures can be achieved with this simple method, leading to composites with tailored local reinforcement, wear resistance, and shape memory effects.  相似文献   

Ferulic acid from aleurone determines the antioxidant potency of wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.)     

Mateo Anson N  van den Berg R  Havenaar R  Bast A  Haenen GR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(14):5589-5594

Grain is an important source of phytochemicals, which have potent antioxidant capacity. They have been implicated in the beneficial health effect of whole grains in reducing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to identify the most important antioxidant fractions of wheat grain. It was found that the aleurone content of these fractions was highly correlated with the antioxidant capacity of the fractions (r = 0.96, p < 0.0001). Ferulic acid appeared to be the major contributor to the antioxidant capacity in fractions with higher antioxidant capacity. The contribution of protein was rather limited. It was concluded that the antioxidant potency of wheat grain fractions is predominantly determined by aleurone content, which can be attributed to the presence of relatively large amounts of phenolic compounds, primarily ferulic acid.  相似文献