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B Dilday DA Howell SB Cenko JM Silverman PE Nugent M Sullivan S Ben-Ami L Bildsten M Bolte M Endl AV Filippenko O Gnat A Horesh E Hsiao MM Kasliwal D Kirkman K Maguire GW Marcy K Moore Y Pan JT Parrent P Podsiadlowski RM Quimby A Sternberg N Suzuki DR Tytler D Xu JS Bloom A Gal-Yam IM Hook SR Kulkarni NM Law EO Ofek D Polishook D Poznanski 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6097):942-945
There is a consensus that type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) arise from the thermonuclear explosion of white dwarf stars that accrete matter from a binary companion. However, direct observation of SN Ia progenitors is lacking, and the precise nature of the binary companion remains uncertain. A temporal series of high-resolution optical spectra of the SN Ia PTF 11kx reveals a complex circumstellar environment that provides an unprecedentedly detailed view of the progenitor system. Multiple shells of circumstellar material are detected, and the SN ejecta are seen to interact with circumstellar material starting 59 days after the explosion. These features are best described by a symbiotic nova progenitor, similar to RS Ophiuchi. 相似文献
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Priyanka KUMARI Kyung Yeon EO Woo-Shin LEE Junpei KIMURA Naomichi YAMAMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(5):850
Leptospira, Giardia intestinalis and Toxoplasma gondii infections are reported in humans and animals worldwide, but molecular surveillance of these pathogens in Korean wildlife is still limited. Here, we examined the prevalence of these pathogens in environmental feces of Eurasian otters, leopard cats and raccoon dogs using nested PCR followed by DNA sequencing. G. intestinalis was detected in all of three animals, while T. gondii was detected only in leopard cats. Leptospira wolffii was detected in raccoon dog and Eurasian otter. Our results suggest that these animals can act as a reservoir of these zoonotic pathogens. Consistent monitoring of these pathogens in wildlife is needed to prevent from their infections in humans and livestock in Korea. 相似文献
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Jin HUR Seong Kug EO Sang-Youel PARK Yoonyoung CHOI John Hwa LEE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1693-1696
Salmonella Typhimurium strain expressing the Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae antigens, ApxIA, ApxIIA, ApxIIIA and OmpA, was previously
constructed as a vaccine candidate for porcine pleuropneumonia. This strain was a live
attenuated (∆lon∆cpxR∆asd)Salmonella as a delivery host
and contained a vector containing asd. An immunological study of
lymphocyte proliferation, T-lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in the splenocytes of a mouse
model was carried out after stimulation with the candidate Salmonella
Typhimurium by intranasal inoculation. The splenic lymphocyte proliferation and the levels
of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 of the inoculated mice were significantly increased, and the T-
and B-cell populations were also elevated. Collectively, the candidate may efficiently
induce the Th1- and Th2-type immune responses. 相似文献
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AIM: To investigate the circumstances of dogs biting people in New Zealand. METHODS: Veterinary science and veterinary nursing students enrolled at Massey University in 2003 completed a questionnaire detailing their lifetime experience of dog bites and their opinions of dog control legislation. RESULTS: The response rate was 100%. There were 228 completed responses to the survey, and 87 (38%) respondents had been bitten by a dog. Most bites caused minor injury, but 17 (20%) required medical attention. Male respondents were more likely to have been bitten. The highest proportion of respondents (27; 31%) had been bitten while between 6 and 10 years of age, and the hand was the part of the body most often injured. Eighteen (21%) bites involved a stranger's dog, but most bites were by a dog known to the victim. Respondents from rural areas were three times more likely to have been bitten than city dwellers. The victim's home was the place where most (31; 36%) bites occurred. Male dogs were responsible for a larger proportion of bites (38; 44%) than females (24; 28%); respondents were unsure about the sex of the remainder of the dogs (25; 29%) that bit them. Protecting the home, play, accidents, rough handling and pain were identified as the common reasons for dogs to bite. Most (46; 52%) respondents did not believe legislation could have prevented their bite. Only four (5%) bites were reported to authorities. CONCLUSION: Rural dwellers, people with more experience of dogs, children <11 years of age, and male respondents were bitten by dogs most often. Only legislation relating to the fencing of dog owners′ properties may have prevented a reasonable proportion (25; 29%) of the bites reported here. 相似文献
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AIMS: To investigate public attitudes towards barking dogs in New Zealand in order to quantify the extent to which people perceive barking dogs to be a problem, to compare tolerance of barking with that of other common suburban noises, to assess the level of public understanding about the function of barking, to determine risk factors for intolerance of barking and to assess knowledge of possible strategies for the investigation and management of problem barking.METHODS: A 12-page questionnaire was sent to 2,000 people throughout New Zealand randomly selected from the electoral roll. Risk factors for being bothered by barking were examined using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: A total of 1,750 questionnaires were successfully delivered; of these, 727 (42%) were returned. Among respondents, 356/727 (49.0%) indicated that frequent barking during the day would bother them while 545/727 (75.0%) would be bothered by barking at night. Barking and howling were ranked above other suburban noises as a cause of annoyance. Risk factors for being bothered by daytime barking were not being home during the day, not owning a dog, and considering a dog bite to be a serious health risk. Risk factors for being bothered by night-time barking were not being home during the day, marital status, considering dog bites to pose a serious health risk, and having been frightened by a dog. Overall, 510/699 (73%) respondents understood that barking was a form of communication.Action likely to be taken by 666 respondents hearing frequent barking included notifying and offering to help the owner (119; 17.8%), complaining to the owner (127; 19.1%) or the authorities (121; 18.2%), or doing nothing (299; 48%). Possible responses by 211 dog owners if they had a barking dog included seeking help from dog trainers (59; 28%) or behaviourists (54; 26%), buying an anti-barking device (33; 15%) or getting rid of the dog (20; 10%).CONCLUSIONS: Barking was considered to be potentially disturbing by respondents to this survey. Attitudes towards barking were most influenced by age, dog ownership, past experience with dogs and attitude towards dog bites. Public understanding of the possible reasons for barking and appropriate methods of managing the behaviour when it becomes a problem could be improved by better education and the provision of information through veterinary clinics and social media. 相似文献
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JEAN-MICHEL E. VANDEWEERD DVM DES Cert ES ROLAND PERRIN DVM Diplomate ECVS THOMAS LAUNOIS DVM Diplomate ECVS LAURENT BROGNIEZ DVM SIMON GEHIN DVM PETER D. CLEGG MA VetMB Cert EO Diplomate ECVS MRCVS FRANCIS G. DESBROSSE DVM Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(3):373-379
Objectives— To compare the precision of radiography and computed tomography (CT) preoperatively in the standing position for identification of guidelines for screw insertion in the distal phalanx, and to identify whether standing CT might improve operative time compared with preoperative radiographic planning.
Study Design— Experimental ex vivo study.
Animals— Cadaveric equine thoracic limb pairs (n=10).
Methods— Insertion of a 4.5 mm cortex screw in lag fashion into an intact distal phalanx was evaluated in 2 groups (n=10) of cadaveric equine thoracic limbs. In 1 group, the site, direction, and length of the implant were determined by radiography, and in the other group, by CT. Accuracy of screw placement was verified by specimen dissection. Outcomes were (1) absence of penetration of the articular surface, the solar surface, or the semilunar canal (2) appropriate length and direction of the screw. Surgical time was also measured.
Results— No screw penetrated the articular surface, the solar surface, or the semilunar canal in either group. CT was more accurate to identify guidelines for screw insertion (U=23.50, P =.049). With CT, surgical time (mean, 7.7 minutes) was significantly shorter (U=0.000, P =.000) than with radiography (mean, 12.7 minutes).
Conclusion— Standing CT can be used to accurately determine anatomic landmarks for screw insertion in lag fashion in sagittal fractures of the distal phalanx.
Clinical Relevance— This study has a clear clinical relevance for improved internal fixation of sagittal fractures of the distal phalanx. 相似文献
Study Design— Experimental ex vivo study.
Animals— Cadaveric equine thoracic limb pairs (n=10).
Methods— Insertion of a 4.5 mm cortex screw in lag fashion into an intact distal phalanx was evaluated in 2 groups (n=10) of cadaveric equine thoracic limbs. In 1 group, the site, direction, and length of the implant were determined by radiography, and in the other group, by CT. Accuracy of screw placement was verified by specimen dissection. Outcomes were (1) absence of penetration of the articular surface, the solar surface, or the semilunar canal (2) appropriate length and direction of the screw. Surgical time was also measured.
Results— No screw penetrated the articular surface, the solar surface, or the semilunar canal in either group. CT was more accurate to identify guidelines for screw insertion (U=23.50, P =.049). With CT, surgical time (mean, 7.7 minutes) was significantly shorter (U=0.000, P =.000) than with radiography (mean, 12.7 minutes).
Conclusion— Standing CT can be used to accurately determine anatomic landmarks for screw insertion in lag fashion in sagittal fractures of the distal phalanx.
Clinical Relevance— This study has a clear clinical relevance for improved internal fixation of sagittal fractures of the distal phalanx. 相似文献
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Md. Masudur RAHMAN Erdenebelig UYANGAA Young Woo HAN Jin HUR Sang-Youel PARK John Hwa LEE Koanhoi KIM Seong Kug EO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(4):395-403
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease of chickens causing significant
economic losses worldwide. Due to limitations in the efficacy against currently
circulating ND viruses, existing vaccination strategies require improvements, and
incorporating immunomodulatory cytokines with existing vaccines might be a novel approach.
Here, we investigated the systemic and mucosal immunomodulatory properties of oral
co-administration of chicken interleukin-18 (chIL-18) and chicken interferon-α (chIFN-α)
using attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium on an
inactivated ND vaccine. Our results demonstrate that oral administration of S.
enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 or chIFN-α provided enhanced
systemic and mucosal immune responses, as determined by serum hemagglutination inhibition
antibody and NDV Ag-specific IgG as well as NDV Ag-specific IgA in lung and duodenal
lavages of chickens immunized with inactivated ND vaccine via the intramuscular or
intranasal route. Notably, combined oral administration of S. enterica
serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 and chIFN-α significantly enhanced systemic and
mucosal immunity in ND-vaccinated chickens, compared to single administration of
S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 or chIFN-α. In
addition, oral co-administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium
expressing chIL-18 and chIFN-α provided enhanced NDV Ag-specific proliferation of
peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Th1-biased cell-mediated immunity, compared to
single administration of either construct. Therefore, our results provide valuable insight
into the modulation of systemic and mucosal immunity by incorporation of immunomodulatory
chIL-18 and chIFN-α using Salmonella vaccines into existing ND
vaccines. 相似文献
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The protective effect of humic‐rich substances on atypical Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
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G Yamin R Falk R R Avtalion N Shoshana T Ofek R Smirnov G Rubenstein J van Rijn 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(12):1783-1790
When challenged with atypical Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, exposure of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to different humic‐rich compounds resulted in a significant reduction in infection rates. Specifically, in fish exposed to (i) humic‐rich water and sludge from a recirculating system, (ii) a synthetic humic acid, and (iii) a Leonardite‐derived humic‐rich extract, infection rates were reduced to 14.9%, 17.0% and 18.8%, respectively, as compared to a 46.8% infection rate in the control treatment. An additional set of experiments was performed to examine the effect of humic‐rich components on the growth of the bacterial pathogen. Liquid culture medium supplemented with either humic‐rich water from the recirculating system, the synthetic humic acid or the Leonardite humic‐rich extract resulted in a growth reduction of 41.1%, 45.2% and 61.6%, respectively, as compared to the growth of the Aeromonas strain in medium devoid of humic substances. Finally, in a third set of experiments it was found that while the innate immune system of the carps was not affected by their exposure to humic‐rich substances, their acquired immune system was affected. Fish, immunized against bovine serum albumin, displayed elevated antibody titres as compared to immunized carps which were not exposed to the various sources of humic substances. 相似文献