Effect of season and lactation on postpartum fertility of Polypay, Dorset, St. Croix and Targhee ewes     

W F Pope  K E McClure  D E Hogue  M L Day 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(5):1167-1174

The objective of this study was to compare rebreeding activities of spring- vs fall-lambing Polypay, Dorset, St. Croix and Targhee ewes that either suckled their lambs for 40 d or had lambs weaned at birth. Seasonal effects of male fertility were reduced by utilizing an excess number of fertile rams in the spring. Plasma concentrations of progesterone were monitored to assess days to the first normal ovulation, days to conception and estrous vs anestrous activity. Breed, season and lactation affected the rebreeding performance. Dorset ewes had similar conception rates between spring and fall but a shorter interval from lambing to first ovulation in the fall. Polypay and Targhee ewes were the opposite; they had higher conception rates in fall than in spring matings with no seasonal influence on postpartum interval. Postpartum ewes in the fall had higher conception rates, and fewer of these ewes became anestrous or had estrous cycles of abnormal duration than of those ewes lambing in the spring. Ewes that suckled for 40 d in the spring had delayed estrous activity, but when these ewes became estrual they had higher conception rates than ewes whose lambs were weaned at birth. Lactation had no inhibitory affect on the postpartum interval of fall lambing ewes. These data suggest that the response of different breeds to various components of postpartum fertility varies with season and management of the flock.  相似文献   

Decoding attraction: Improving vine weevil monitoring by exploiting key sensory cues     

Eugenia Fezza  Joe M. Roberts  Toby J. A. Bruce  Lael E. Walsh  Michael T. Gaffney  Tom W. Pope 《Pest management science》2023,79(11):4635-4643

BACKGROUND

Monitoring is an integral component of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes used to inform crop management decisions. Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), continues to cause economically significant losses in horticultural crops due to an inability to reliably detect the presence of this species before crop damage occurs. To improve vine weevil monitoring we investigated the behavioural responses of adult vine weevils to visual (monitoring tool shade/colour, height and diameter as well as the effect of monitoring tool and plant density) and olfactory (host plant and conspecifics) cues under glasshouse conditions.

RESULTS

Monitoring tool shade, height and diameter all influenced monitoring tool efficacy, with individuals exhibiting a preference for black, tall and wide monitoring tools. The total number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools increased with monitoring tool density. By contrast, plant density did not influence the number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools. Yew-baited monitoring tools retained a larger number of individuals compared to unbaited ones. Similarly, more vine weevils were recorded in monitoring tools baited with yew and conspecifics than in unbaited monitoring tools or those baited with only yew. Baiting monitoring tools with conspecifics alone did not enhance the number of vine weevils recorded in monitoring tools.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study confirms that visual and olfactory cues influence vine weevil behaviour. This provides information on key factors that influence vine weevil monitoring tool efficacy and can be used to inform the development of a new monitoring tool for this pest. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Ecology. Ecosystem-based fishery management     

Pikitch EK  Santora C  Babcock EA  Bakun A  Bonfil R  Conover DO  Dayton P  Doukakis P  Fluharty D  Heneman B  Houde ED  Link J  Livingston PA  Mangel M  McAllister MK  Pope J  Sainsbury KJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5682):346-347

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Quick decline of macadamia trees: association with Xylaria arbuscula     

W. H. KO  R. K. KUNIMOTO 《Plant pathology》1991,40(4):643-644

Some macadamia trees in a commercial orchard on the island of Hawaii showing symptoms of quick decline had club-shaped fruiting bodies of Xylaria arbuscula on the trunk. X arbuscula was consistently isolated from diseased wood and was shown to kill branches of healthy macadamia trees on inoculation. Trunk infection by this pathogen leading to girdling resulted in a more rapid decline than would be expected with root infection by soil-borne pathogens.  相似文献   

Two natural hosts of Kretzschmaria clavus in Hawaiian forests     

W. H. KO  JUDY TOMITA  R. L. SHORT 《Plant pathology》1986,35(2):254-255

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Intraosseous approach to the nasolacrimal duct for removal of a foreign body in a dog     

Pope ER  Champagne ES  Fox D 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,218(4):541-2, 526

A Labrador retriever was evaluated because of chronic mucopurulent discharge from the left eye. A foreign body was identified in the nasolacrimal duct by use of dacryocystorhinography. Attempts to alleviate the inflammation by use of flushing and administration of antimicrobials were unsuccessful. At surgery, the infraorbital foramen was used as a landmark for a skin incision, because the nasolacrimal duct courses dorsal and parallel to the infraorbital canal. An air drill was used to remove the portion of the maxillary bone overlying the nasolacrimal duct, which exposed the intraosseous portion of the duct and allowed removal of a plant-material foreign body. The incision in the duct was allowed to heal by second intention, and the dog recovered without complications.  相似文献   

Alveolar mucosal approach to the canine nasal cavity     

Priddy NH  Pope ER  Cohn LA  Constantinescu GM 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2001,37(2):179-182

A nine-year-old, intact female Afghan hound was presented for evaluation of an intermittent, mucopurulent, unilateral nasal discharge with a three-year duration. Radiographs showed the ipsilateral canine tooth within the rostral nasal cavity. The tooth was removed through an alveolar mucosal rhinotomy. There has been no recurrence of the nasal discharge or complications associated with the surgical procedure during the 20-month follow-up period.  相似文献   

A review of recent mineral research with sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A L Pope 《Journal of animal science》1971,33(6):1332-1343

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Comparison of a putative second serotype of chicken infectious anemia virus with a prototypical isolate I. Pathogenesis     

Spackman E  Cloud SS  Pope CR  Rosenberger JK 《Avian diseases》2002,46(4):945-955

CIAV-7 is a virus with similar pathogenic and physicochemical characteristics to, but antigenically distinct from, chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV). The pathogenesis of CIAV-7 was evaluated in a comparative study with a representative isolate of CIAV, the Del-Ros strain. The pathogenesis of CIAV-7 was similar to Del-Ros on the basis of the clinical disease induced and gross and microscopic lesions, although CIAV-7 produced fewer and less severe lesions overall. A second comparative pathogenesis study was performed with Del-Ros and CIAV-7, both alone and in combination with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). In this study, the pathogenesis of CIAV-7 was similar to Del-Ros in clinical, gross, and microscopic lesions in the bone marrow. However, thymic lesions were less severe in CIAV-7-inoculated birds. The interaction between Del-Ros and IBDV was synergistic, whereas there was no observed potentiation of CIAV-7-induced disease by IBDV. Progeny from breeder flocks from several geographic locations in the eastern United States were challenged with CIAV-7 or Del-Ros to assess protection by maternal antibodies. Some progeny from all flocks had protection against CIAV-7 challenge, providing evidence for the presence of CIAV-7 in the field. Additionally, the number of birds protected against CIAV-7 or Del-Ros challenge varied within flocks, demonstrating that the agents are serologically distinct.  相似文献   

Relationship between oocyte maturation and fertilization on zygotic diversity in swine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S Xie  D M Broermann  K P Nephew  M D Bishop  W F Pope 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(7):2027-2033

Two experiments were conducted to examine how oocyte maturation and fertilization influence zygotic diversity in swine. In the first experiment, the distribution of oocyte maturation was compared to that of zygotic development. Oocytes were aspirated from follicles of 31 gilts and classified into stages of meiosis. Zygotes were flushed from oviducts of 19 additional gilts and classified into stages of meiosis and fertilization. The second experiment examined whether the time from ovulation to fertilization was constant among all oocytes. To test this premise, four to six oocytes from follicles of 10 mated gilts were aspirated just before or during ovulation, stained and transferred back into the oviducts of these same gilts. Zygotes were recovered 10 h later to determine whether the first oocytes ovulated were the more developed zygotes and, conversely, whether the last oocytes to be ovulated represented the lesser developed contemporaries. The skewed (P less than .05) distribution of oocyte maturation was similar to that of zygotic development. Regression of the frequency distribution describing early oocyte maturation resulted in a line with a slope (.59) that was similar to the slope (.58) of the regressed distribution of zygotic development. Likewise, the order of ovulation and order of subsequent stages of zygotic development were similar. These data suggest that variation in zygotic development in swine was due to variability in oogenesis; the time from ovulation to fertilization appeared to be constant.  相似文献