A survey on the use of rugs in Australian horses     

EG Cox  RJW Bell  RM Greer  LB Jeffcott 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(1-2):9-26

The practice of horse rugging has important implications for horse welfare and performance, but in Australia, rugging practices have not been properly documented. The objective of this study was to obtain an understanding of Australian horse rugging practices. An online survey reviewed the management of 2659 Australian horses over 12 months. Of the reported horses a total of 84.8% were rugged, although most owners (69.5%) indicated that they were unsure whether horses needed to be rugged at all. Rugging was felt by 59.8% of owners to be a requirement for horses in competition. Riding and competition were significantly associated with the use of rugs. Nearly all respondents (89.0%) felt that ‘over-rugging’ was a concern. However, 4.8% of owners would use up to 4 rugs at any one time on their horse and 21.4% of horses were still rugged in temperatures above 20°C in Australia. Many Australian horse owners (42.8%) also believe that horses feel cold if they are not rugged. Anthropomorphism when it comes to rugging horses cannot be justified as the horse has a much wider thermoneutral zone (TNZ) than humans. Australian climate, owner opinions, equestrian discipline and whether a horse is used for riding influence Australian horse rugging practices. However, current practices are based on limited available research and are not necessarily to the benefit of the horse. The major limitation was that the survey likely attracted respondents who are interested in the topic creating a self-selection bias.  相似文献   

Comparative purification methods for determination of triadimenol residues in plant material     

Patricia V. Reynaud  Sylvaine D. Rolle  Louis De Cormis 《Pest management science》1991,32(1):121-131

Two procedures are described for the determination of residues of triadimenol and compared on cereal material. After extraction, purification is carried out by Florisil column chromatography in method I and by semi-preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in method II. Triadimenol residues are quantified by gas chromatography with a thermoionic detector. With method I, interference was observed but not with method II. This specific procedure has been tested on other plant materials. Recoveries in the range of 90–98% indicate that this procedure is suitable for residue analysis of this fungicide with detection limits of 0·008 mg kg^?1 in wheat grains, 0·03 mg kg^?1 in wheat straw and 0·004–0·008 mg kg^?1 in other plants. Maximum residue limits in France are: 0·1 mg kg^?1 in grain, 2·0 mg kg^?1 in straw and 1·0 mg kg^?1 in other vegetables and fruit.  相似文献   

Administration of toltrazuril during experimental coccidiosis in mule ducks: comparison of the efficacy of a single administration at two different endogenous stages     

Reynaud MC  Chauve CM  Gastellu J  Gounel JM 《Veterinary parasitology》1999,81(4):265-274

An experimental Eimeria mulardi coccidiosis was reproduced in mule ducks. A single dose of toltrazuril (7 mg per kg) was administered at two different endogenous stages: Day 2 (first meronts) or Day 5 (last meronts and gamonts). The efficacy of the drug was assessed on four criteria (body weight, oocyst counts, macroscopic lesions, and presence of the meronts and gamonts). To have a curative effect, a single dose of toltrazuril should be administered early on. However, a single treatment on Day 5 had a prophylactic effect.  相似文献   

Regulation by gonadal steroids of estrogen and progesterone receptors along the reproductive tract in female lambs.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A Meikle  EG Garófalo  M Rodríguez-Pi?ón  C Tasende  L Sahlin 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(1):161-169

The regulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR) expression by estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in the oviduct, uterus and cervix of female lambs was studied. The animals received three intramuscular injections of E2, P4 or vehicle with an interval of 24 h and they were slaugthered 24 h after the third injection. Determinations of ER and PR were performed by binding assays and mRNAs of ER alpha and PR by solution hybridization. High levels of ER and PR in both cervix and oviduct were found in the female lamb, differing from other mammalian species. No significant effects by either E2 or P4 treatment on ER and PR levels in the cervix and oviduct could be observed. E2 treatment increased the mRNA levels of ERa and PR more than 3-fold in the cervix, while P4 treatment increased the mRNA levels of ERa and PR in the uterus. The results show differential effects of gonadal steroids on sex steroid receptor expression along the reproductive tract in female lambs, suggesting that steroid target tissues can modulate responses to the same circulating levels of steroid hormones.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal distribution of geminiviruses in leafhoppers of the genus cicadulina monitored by conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction     

Lett JM  Granier M  Hippolyte I  Grondin M  Royer M  Blanc S  Reynaud B  Peterschmitt M 《Phytopathology》2002,92(1):65-74

ABSTRACT Spatial and temporal distribution of Maize streak virus (MSV, family Geminiviridae, genus Mastrevirus) was monitored in the vector species Cicadulina mbila and the nonvector species C. china? using conventional and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sustained feeding on MSV-infected plants showed that virus accumulation reaches a maximum in C. china?, but not in C. mbila. After a 3-day acquisition access feeding period (AAP), MSV was detected in the gut, the hemolymph, and the head of C. mbila, but only in the gut of C. china?. Similarly, Digitaria streak virus (genus Mastrevirus), which is not transmitted by either of the two species, was only detected in the gut. MSV was detected in the hemolymph of C. mbila 3 h after the beginning of the AAP. Although viral DNA progressively decreases in the vector and nonvector species after a 3-day AAP, MSV DNA remained stable in the salivary glands of C. mbila.  相似文献   

Characterisation of a Quantitative Resistance to Vector Transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium     

H. Delatte  H. Holota  B. Reynaud  J. Dintinger 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(3):245-253

Two wild genotypes from the same species Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, WVA106 (susceptible) and INRA-Hirsute (so-called ‘resistant’), were compared with respect to their reaction to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus isolate Réunion (TYLCV-Mld[RE]), using both whitefly-mediated inoculation and graft inoculation. Disease incidence and symptom severity were scored. Presence and quantification of viral DNA were assessed by dot blot hybridisation. Upon insect inoculation, accession INRA-Hirsute showed a moderate resistance against TYLCV that was overcome by a high inoculation pressure obtained by increasing the cumulative number of inoculative whiteflies. Temporal analyses of the disease progress in relation to this criterion exhibited that the protection was quantitative, mainly reducing the TYLCV-Mld[RE] incidence by at maximum 50% at low inoculation pressure. When graft inoculated, the final TYLCV-Mld[RE] disease incidence was 100% in both susceptible and resistant genotypes with severe symptoms, suggesting a reduction of virus transmission by a vector resistance as a possible mechanism. Implications of using such type of resistance in breeding programmes are discussed.  相似文献   

Follow-up of mercury levels in fish,human hair and urine in the Madeira and Tapajós basins,Amazon, Brazil     

Malm  O  Guimarães  JRD  Castro  MB  Bastos  WR  Viana  JP  Branches  FJP  Silveira  EG  Pfeiffer  WC 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,97(1-2):45-51

Informal economy of gold mining has contaminated some important river basins in Amazon. Follow-up studies on critical compartments showed some areas with high Hg levels in fish as well as in human hair samples. Average Hg in piscivorous fish in the Madeira river itself was 846 ppb (N=284) with a maximum of 3921 ppb. Mercury in fish from non polluted areas in this basin shows high variability, even for single species. A seasonal variation in Hg content was observed, with higher values at the end of the dry season. In the upper Tapajós basin comparable values were found for fish but with a definite decreasing trend downstream. Average value for piscivorous fish in the whole Tapajós basin is 482 ppb (N=122) with a maximum value of 3770 ppb. Hair Hg was higher in fishing villages in the Tapajós (average: 17 ppm; with N=432 and maximum value of 176 ppm) than in the Madeira (average: 9 ppm; N=169; maximum 71 ppm), and data from some areas of the Tapajós suggest a decrease with time. Mercury was much higher in urine of goldshop workers in Santarém (low Tapajós) than in Alta Floresta (high Tapajbs) and show a decreasing trend in both cases, probably related to the significant decline in gold mining activities during the study period (1986–1994).  相似文献   

Feline leukemia virus and public health awareness     

W D Hardy  A J McClelland AJ+MACCLELLAND  P W Hess  E G MacEwen EG+MACEWEN 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1974,165(11):1020-1021

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Fungal isolation and identification in 21 cases of guttural pouch mycosis in horses (1998-2002)     

Ludwig A  Gatineau S  Reynaud MC  Cadoré JL  Bourdoiseau G 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,169(3):155-461

This aetiological study of guttural pouch mycosis (GPM) in the horse was based on the retrospective study of 21 horses brought into the National Veterinary School of Lyon (France) between 1998 and 2002. Biopsies were taken from the lesions caused by GPM during endoscopic examination. In 87% of the cases, direct examination gave positive results, whereas 43% of the cultures were found to be negative. The main fungi observed were Aspergillus fumigatus (in three cases), A. versicolor (in two cases, together with other fungi), and A. nidulans and A. niger (one case each). In six cases, the Aspergillus species could not be identified. In two cases, cleistothecia and/or Hulle cells were observed. In three cases, fungi other than Aspergillus were seen, mixed or not with Aspergillus. These results underline the importance of Aspergillus fumigatus in the development of GPM in horses.  相似文献   

Characteristics and diffusion in the rabbit of a phage for Escherichia coli 0103. Attempts to use this phage for therapy.     

A Reynaud  L Cloastre  J Bernard  H Laveran  H W Ackermann  D Licois  B Joly 《Veterinary microbiology》1992,30(2-3):203-212

A bacteriophage for Escherichia coli 0103 was isolated during a study on E. coli diarrhoea in intensive breeding units of rabbits. The phage had an isometric head and a short tail and resembled coliphage N4 (Podoviridae). It had a very narrow host range and seemed to be specific for serogroup 0103, suggesting that it might be used for preliminary identification of E. coli strains of this serogroup instead of the usual slide agglutination. In view of its possible use as a therapeutic phage, we investigated its dissemination in rabbit organs after oral administration. The phage persisted in the spleen for at least 12 days. However, in vivo studies showed that this phage and a mixture of more virulent phages for E. coli 0103 were ineffective in preventing disease in rabbits inoculated with an enteropathogenic strain of E. coli 0103.  相似文献