Letter to the Editor     

Warrick Bruce  Geoff Robins 《The Journal of small animal practice》2016,57(6):333-333

  相似文献   

Biochemical markers of bone metabolism in growing thoroughbreds: a longitudinal study   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Price JS  Jackson BF  Gray JA  Harris PA  Wright IM  Pfeiffer DU  Robins SP  Eastell R  Ricketts SW 《Research in veterinary science》2001,71(1):37-44

This study describes longitudinal changes in serum levels of biochemical markers of bone cell activity in a group of 24 thoroughbred foals from birth to 18 months of age. The markers of bone formation included the type I collagen carboxy-terminal propeptide (PICP), the bone-specific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and osteocalcin (OC). Levels of the cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), a marker of bone resorption, and the N-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (PNIIIP), a marker of soft tissue turnover, were also measured. Levels of all markers fell significantly between birth and 18 months of age (70-80 per cent); this decrease being most marked between 0 and 6 months. However, a transient increase in levels of the markers then occurred between 6 and 14 months of age. The timing of this increase was specific for each parameter. ICTP and OC concentrations increased between October and December. PICP concentrations increased between December and April whereas the increase in PIIINP was coincident with the peak in weight gain between April and June. Changes in BAP concentration were less distinct at this time. Season was shown to have significant effects on the biochemical markers independent from the effect of age. Concentrations of all markers decreased with increasing body weight and at any given age heavier horses had lower marker levels. These results show that biochemical markers of bone cell activity and soft tissue turnover follow characteristic patterns of change in growing thoroughbreds influenced by age, season and bodyweight. The demonstration that the reference ranges for the biochemical markers change from month to month means that single samples from individuals are of little value for monitoring bone cell activity in growing thoroughbreds.  相似文献   

Longitudinal studies of effects of divorce on children in Great Britain and the United States   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

A J Cherlin  F F Furstenberg  L Chase-Lansdale  K E Kiernan  P K Robins  D R Morrison  J O Teitler 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,252(5011):1386-1389

National, longitudinal surveys from Great Britain and the United States were used to investigate the effects of divorce on children. In both studies, a subsample of children who were in two-parent families during the initial interview (at age 7 in the British data and at ages 7 to 11 in the U.S. data) were followed through the next interview (at age 11 and ages 11 to 16, respectively). At both time points in the British data, parents and teachers independently rated the children's behavior problems, and the children were given reading and mathematics achievement tests. At both time points in the U.S. data, parents rated the children's behavior problems. Children whose parents divorced or separated between the two time points were compared to children whose families remained intact. For boys, the apparent effect of separation or divorce on behavior problems and achievement at the later time point was sharply reduced by considering behavior problems, achievement levels, and family difficulties that were present at the earlier time point, before any of the families had broken up. For girls, the reduction in the apparent effect of divorce occurred to a lesser but still noticeable extent once preexisting conditions were considered.  相似文献   

Determination of thermal histories of archeological cereal grains with electron spin resonance spectroscopy     

Hillman GC  Robins GV  Oduwole D  Sales KD  McNeil DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,222(4629):1235-1236

The thermal histories of archeological cereal grains were examined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Studies with modern samples of heated cereal grain showed that the parameters of the electron spin resonance signal characterize the maximum temperature to which the sample had previously been heated. This technique has applicability in archeology and other disciplines.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

J. J. Kaneko DVM  PhD  G. M. Robins 《Veterinary research communications》1987,11(2):199-200

  相似文献   

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS IN THE DOG     

G. M. Robins 《Australian veterinary journal》1978,54(6):272-279

SUMMARY The diagnosis, aetiology, pathogenesis and treatment of osteochondritis dissecana in the shoulder, elbow, stifle and hock joints of the dog is reviewed. A technique of surgically exploring the shoulder joint with minimal exposure is described. Recommendations for preventing the development of osteochondritis dissecans are made.  相似文献   

Surgical remodelling of the femoral trochlea: an experimental study.     

L C Vaughan  G M Robins 《The Veterinary record》1975,96(20):447-450

Surgical deepening of the groove in the femoral trochlea is a technique commonly employed in the correction of patellar dislocation in dogs. In order to discover how this deep articular defect repairs the operation was studied experimentally in young goats. Observations were made on the appearance of the trochlea and the histologic changes that had taken place after approximately six, 12, and 40 weeks. The abraded groove became filled with fibrocartilage with a relatively smooth surface and it articulated freely with the patella. The majority of the replacement tissues arose by differentiation of the granulation tissue which initially filled the groove, but there appeared to have been some contribution made by the hyaline cartilage at the margins of the groove.  相似文献   

Genetic Improvement and Diversity in Snake River Wheatgrass (Elymus wawawaiensis) (Poaceae: Triticeae)     

Kevin B. Jensen  Ivan W. Mott  Joseph G. Robins  Blair L. Waldron  Mark Nelson 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2012,65(1):76-84

With the increased emphasis on using native plant materials in range revegetation programs in the western United States it is critical to identify genetically similar groups and develop native grasses that are competitive with invasive weeds, easy to establish, and persistent, and that produce high seed yield. A grass that shows appreciable drought tolerance on arid rangelands is Snake River wheatgrass (Elymus wawawaiensis J. Carlson & Barkworth). This study was designed to estimate genetic relationships and underlying genetic components for seed and forage trait improvement between plant introductions (PIs) of Snake River wheatgrass, 28 half-sib Snake River wheatgrass families (HSFs), and cultivars Secar and Discovery at Nephi, Utah, between 2005 and 2006. Based on molecular genetic diversity data in Snake River wheatgrass, with the exception of the PIs originating from Enterprise, Oregon, all other collections and cultivars are not genetically different and represent a common gene pool from which to develop improved Snake River wheatgrass germplasm. Selection in Snake River wheatgrass for total seed yield (g · plot^-1), 100-seed weight (g), and seedling emergence from a deep planting depth had a positive effect. Further increases through selection and genetic introgression from hybridization with PIs will likely increase seed yield and 100-seed weight, but will not increase seedling emergence. Increases in dry matter yield (DMY) were observed after two cycles of selection in the HSFs compared to the PIs. There remains considerable genetic and phenotypic variation to further increase DMY in Snake River wheatgrass through selection and hybridization. Trends in forage nutritional quality were not observed after two cycles of selection in the HSFs or the PIs and will not likely result in improvement. Through recurrent selection, populations of Snake River wheatgrass have been and can be developed to more effectively establish and compete on annual weed–infested rangelands.  相似文献   

Retrospective analysis of detomidine infusion for standing chemical restraint in 51 horses     

DV Wilson BVSc  MS  Dipl ACVA    GV Bohart DVM    AT Evans DVM  MS  Dipl ACVA    S Robertson BVMS  PhD  Dipl ACVA  Dipl ECVA    Y Rondenay†DVM 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2002,29(1):54-57

Objective To assess the effectiveness of a detomidine infusion technique to provide standing chemical restraint in the horse. Design Retrospective study. Animals Fifty‐one adult horses aged 9.5 ± 6.9 years (range 1–23 years) and weighing 575 ± 290.3 kg. Methods Records of horses presented to our clinic over a 3‐year period in which a detomidine infusion was used to provide standing chemical restraint were reviewed. Information relating to the types of procedure performed, duration of infusion, drug dosages and adjunct drugs administered was retrieved. Results Detomidine was administered as an initial bolus loading dose (mean ± SD) of 7.5 ± 1.87 µg kg^?1. The initial infusion rate was 0.6 µg kg^?1 minute^?1, and this was halved every 15 minutes. The duration of the infusion ranged from 20 to 135 minutes. Twenty horses received additional detomidine or butorphanol during the procedure. All horses undergoing surgery received local anesthesia or epidural analgesia in addition to the detomidine infusion. A wide variety of procedures were performed in these horses. Conclusions Detomidine administered by infusion provides prolonged periods of chemical restraint in standing horses. Supplemental sedatives or analgesics may be needed in horses undergoing surgery. Clinical relevance An effective method that provides prolonged periods of chemical restraint in standing horses is described. The infusion alone did not provide sufficient analgesia for surgery and a significant proportion of animals required supplemental sedatives and analgesics.  相似文献   

Effectiveness and retention of thiamine and its analogs administered to steelhead and landlocked Atlantic salmon     

Ketola HG  Isaacs GR  Robins JS  Lloyd RC 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2008,20(1):29-38

We investigated the feasibility of enhancing the reproduction of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and landlocked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in lakes where the consumption of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and other forage fishes containing thiaminase can cause them to become thiamine deficient and thereby reduce the survival of their fry. We evaluated feeding fingerling steelhead excess thiamine hydrochloride (THC1) for 1 or 2 weeks or equimolar amounts of thiamine mononitrate, thiamine-tetrahydrofurfuryl-disulfide, benfotiamine, or dibenzoyl thiamine (DBT). We found minimal internal reserves of thiamine after 6 months. We also compared the ability of injections of thiamine and its analogs to prevent mortality in thiamine-deficient steelhead and Atlantic salmon sac fry and found all forms to be effective, although benfotiamine was the least effective on an equimolar basis. Further, we injected yearling steelhead and found that DBT was tolerated at approximately 11,200 nmol/g of body weight, about 10 times more than thiamine in any other form. When yearling steelhead were injected with near-maximal doses of thiamine hydrochloride and several analogs and then fed a thiamine-deficient diet, DBT was retained for approximately 2 years--in contrast to other forms, which were retained for less than about 6 months. Therefore, these results suggest that neither feeding nor injecting young hatchery salmonids with DBT is likely to enhance their reproduction for more than 2 years after stocking. However, injecting DBT in nearly mature fish (either cultured fish from hatcheries or wild fish captured in lakes) may provide them with enough thiamine to successfully spawn within 2 years even though they consume mainly thiaminase-containing forage fishes.  相似文献