Dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen in deep soil profile and crop yields under long-term fertilization in wheat-maize cropping system          下载免费PDF全文

Muhammad QASWAR  LI Dong-chu  HUANG Jing  HAN Tian-fu  Waqas AHMED  Sehrish ALI  Muhammad Numan KHAN  Zulqarnain Haider KHAN  XU Yong-mei  LI Qian  ZHANG Hui-min  WANG Bo-ren  Ahmad TAUQEER 《农业科学学报》2022,21(3):826-839

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) are two of the most important indicators for agricultural productivity. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the changes in SOC and N in the deep soil profile (up to 100 cm) and their relationships with crop productivity under the influence of long-term (since 1990) fertilization in the wheat-maize cropping system. Treatments included CK (control), NP (inorganic N and phosphorus (P) fertilizers), NPK (inorganic N, P and potassium fertilizers), NPKM (NPK plus manure), and M (manure). Crop yield and the properties of topsoil were measured yearly from 2001 to 2009. C and N contents were measured at five different depths in 2001 and 2009. The results showed that wheat and maize yields decreased between 2001 and 2009 under the inorganic fertilizer (NP and NPK) treatments. The average yield between 2001 and 2009 under the NP, NPK, NPKM, and M treatments (compared with the CK treatment) increased by 38, 115, 383, and 381%, respectively, for wheat and 348, 891, 2 738, and 1 845%, respectively, for maize. Different long-term fertilization treatments significantly changed coarse free particulate (cfPOC), fine free particulate (ffPOC), intramicroaggregate particulate (iPOC), and mineral-associated (mSOC) organic carbon fractions. In the experimental years of 2001 and 2009, soil fractions occurred in the following order for all treatments: mSOC>cfPOC>iPOC>ffPOC. All fractions were higher under the manure application treatments than under the inorganic fertilization treatments. Compared to the inorganic fertilization treatments, manure input enhanced the stocks of SOC and total N in the surface layer (0–20 cm) but decreased SOC and N in the deep soil layer (80–100 cm). This reveals the efficiency of manure in increasing yield productivity and decreasing risk of vertical loss of nutrients, especially N, compared to inorganic fertilization treatments. The findings provide opportunities for understanding deep soil C and N dynamics, which could help mitigate climate change impact on agricultural production and maintain soil health.  相似文献   

Comparative pharmacokinetics of ampicillin trihydrate, gentamicin sulphate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride in Nubian goats and desert sheep     

H.A. ELSHEIKH  I.A. OSMAN  & B.H. ALI 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1997,20(4):262-266

In this investigation the pharmacokinetics of three commonly used antibiotics, ampicillin trihydrate (10 mg/kg), gentamicin sulphate (3 mg/kg) and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (5 mg/kg), given intravenously, were each studied in five Nubian goats and five desert sheep. The pharmacokinetic parameters were described by a two-compartment open model. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the two species in some kinetic parameters of ampicillin and oxytetracycline but not gentamicin. Ampicillin elimination half life ( t _1/2β) in goats (1.20 h) was shorter than that in sheep (2.48 h), and its clearance ( Cl ) significantly higher in goats (2921mL/h·kg) compared to sheep (262 mL/h·kg) ( P < 0.01). Ampicillin volume of distribution ( V d_area) was found to be significantly larger in goats (5673 mL/kg) than in sheep (992 mL/kg) ( P < 0.01). For oxytetracycline, the t _1/2β in goats (3.89 h) was significantly shorter than that in sheep (6.30 h) and the Cl value in goats (437 mL/h·kg) was significantly higher than in sheep (281 mL/h·kg). The results suggest that when treating sheep and goats, the pharmacokinetic differences between the two species must be considered in order to optimize the therapeutic doses of ampicillin and oxytetracycline.  相似文献   

利用叶绿素仪和叶色卡实施旱直播稻田的实地氮肥管理   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A. M. ALI  H. S. THIND  S. SHARMA  YADVINDER-SINGH 《土壤圈》2015,25(1):72-81

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Control of acute theileriasis in calves in the Punjab     

RAGHAVACHARI K  ALI SHAH A  RAY HN 《The Indian veterinary journal》1947,24(2):103-109

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Comparative pharmacokinetics of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and its sulphate and glucuronide metabolites in desert camels and goats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. H. ALI  Z. CHENG†  G. EL HADRAMI‡  A. K. BASHIR  Q. A. MCKELLAR† 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1996,19(3):238-244

Paracetamol was administered at dosages of 5 mg/kg to camels and 10 mg/kg to goats by the intravenous and intramuscular routes. Parent paracetamol had a significantly slower clearance (21.9 ± 1.4 mL/min.kg vs. 52.8 ± 7.3 mL/min.kg) (P < 0.01) in camels than in goats. In camels the predominant metabolite in plasma was the sulphate, although the ratios of glucuronide:paracetamol and sulphate:paracetamol were similar (5.20 ± 0.50 vs. 6.59 ± 0.51) following intravenous administration. In goats the glucuronide metabolite was the predominant moiety in plasma, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the sulphate was only 3.89% of that of the glucuronide conjugate. The apparent AUC for paracetamol in the camel following intramuscular administration was larger than that following intravenous administration, however, when the bioavailability (F) was determined, with correction for altered half-life, within the animal and between study phases it was 71 ± 17% in goats and 105 ± 26% in camels.  相似文献   

Rapid detection of'triazine resistant'weeds using chlorophyll fluorescence     

A. ALI  V. SOUZA MACHADO 《Weed Research》1981,21(3-4):191-197

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哈萨克族的草原游牧文化(Ⅱ)——哈萨克族的游牧生产   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

阿利·阿布塔里普  汪玺  张德罡  师尚礼 《草原与草坪》2012,32(5):90-96

哈萨克族是世界上最喜欢牲畜和善于饲养牲畜的民族之一。创造了一整套与自然环境相适应的生存技能,使得自然环境始终保持一种良好的存在状态。哈萨克族游牧文化的生产、生活方式及技能是以自然的适应作为前提条件。其实质造就了游牧文化中的物质生产的特征,进而决定了整个生产、生活方式的某些基本特征。如游牧生产具有游移性、实用性、简约性、稳定性;有适应游牧的家畜;有与环境相适应的生活用品,如适应游牧的衣物、食品、毡房等;在畜牧生产中有四季草地的利用标准;畜群结构的控制;转场中的环保习俗;狩猎中的习俗等。哈萨克族有适应游牧生活的独特的民族手工艺产业。  相似文献   

哈萨克族的草原游牧文化(Ⅰ)——哈萨克族的形成、分布及宗教信仰   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

阿利·阿布塔里普  汪玺  张德罡  师尚礼 《草原与草坪》2012,32(4):80-85

研究哈萨克族的游牧文化对保护西北草原生态环境、巩固民族团结、促进少数民族地区经济发展和中华民族和谐统一具有十分重要的意义。哈萨克族是由古代许多部落和部族不断分化并逐步融合而成的,最主要的族源应是6世纪出现在汉文史籍中的"可萨",塞种、乌孙、匈奴、康居、可萨和突厥等是哈萨克族较早的民族源流。哈萨克语属阿尔泰语系突厥语族克普恰克语支,保留了丰富的古代突厥语词汇。哈萨克分布在世界40多个国家和地区,但至今没有任何方言。中国的哈萨克族主要分布在新疆北疆地区,且甘肃、青海都有分布。哈萨克先民曾使用过回鹘文等多种文字,现使用以阿拉伯字母为基础的拼音文字。历史上哈萨克族信仰过拜物教、萨满教、佛教、景教,最后信奉的是伊斯兰教,接受了伊斯兰文化。  相似文献   

哈萨克族的草原游牧文化（Ⅲ）——哈萨克族的文化艺术,人文礼仪及禁忌习俗     

阿利·阿布塔里普  汪玺  张德罡  师尚礼 《草原与草坪》2012,32(6):74-81

哈萨克族人民在生产生活中创造了丰富多彩的文化艺术。哈萨克文学包括书面文学和口头文学。主要代表作品有英雄史诗《阿里帕米斯》、《豁布兰德》、《叶尔塔尔根》、《哈木巴尔》、《哈班拜》等;爱情长诗如《吉别克姑娘》、《豁孜阔尔佩席与色彦苏鲁》、《恩利克与科别克》和《萨里哈与萨曼》等;叙事长诗有《考孜库尔帕西与巴彦苏鲁》、《克里米...  相似文献   

沙漠地区不同下垫面近地表沙尘水平通量研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨兴华  何清  霍文  艾力·买买提依明  刘新春 《干旱区研究》2014,31(3):564-569

沙漠地区近地表水平输送的沙尘物质通量及其随高度的变化特征直接影响着沙尘的输送过程。选择塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区的典型沙丘、平沙地为观测点,利用BSNE集沙仪,对2008-2009年11次典型沙尘天气过程中近地表0～200 cm不同高度层沙尘物质的水平输送进行了测量,对其随高度变化特征进行分析,计算近地表水平运动的总沙尘通量。结果表明：近地表0～200 cm范围内,在沙丘顶部和平沙地沙尘水平通量均随高度呈显著降低趋势,在这2种下垫面条件下,沙尘水平通量随高度的变化均较好地符合幂函数关系;在沙丘顶部,通过100 cm（宽度）×200 cm（高度）空间断面的总沙尘水平通量为3 721.0 kg,平沙地通过相同大小断面的沙尘水平通量为2 252.9 kg,比沙丘顶部减少了39.5%;沙丘顶部与平沙地PM80的总水平通量分别为996.8 kg和678.9 kg。  相似文献