Protein and energy relationships in dairy cattle. 1. Dry cows     

E Teller  J M Godeau 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1989,39(6):535-542

Nitrogen metabolism in ruminants is a dynamic process depending on level of intake and composition of dietary dry matter and on the physiological state of the animals. These parameters were analysed in a regression model for the requirements of nitrogen absorbed in the small intestine in relation to nitrogen balance of dry cows fed at maintenance level. The amount of total dietary nitrogen and the apparent nitrogen digestibility vary notably according to energy intake and energy concentration in dietary dry matter. On the contrary, the amount of nitrogen absorbed in the small intestine is only slightly affected by these parameters. The discrepancy between these statements lies mainly in differences in intestinal nitrogen absorption and in altered fermentation processes of the large intestine in response to changes in energy supply and ME concentration in dietary dry matter.  相似文献   

Carriage rate and antibiotic susceptibility of coagulase‐positive staphylococci isolated from healthy dogs in Victoria,Australia          下载免费PDF全文

DC Bean  SM Wigmore 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(12):456-460

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The Water Dipole Moment in Water Clusters     

JK Gregory  DC Clary  K Liu  MG Brown  RJ Saykally 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5301):814-817

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Otto Martin Radostits 1934 – 2006     

DC Blood  CC Gay  KW Hinchcliff  PD Constable 《Australian veterinary journal》2007,85(6):231-231

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Snake bites recorded by veterinary practices in Australia     

PJ MIRTSCHIN  P. MASCI  DC PATON  T. KUCHEL 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(3):195-198

Objective To determine the extent of the snake bite problem in domestic animals, its regional significance and the effects of antivenom treatment.
Design A questionnaire was designed seeking information on the number and type of domestic animals referred, whether treated or untreated, type of snakes and management of the bite.
Procedure The survey form was sent to 10% of veterinary surgeons, selected at random throughout Australia.
Results The response of 106 veterinary surgeons revealed that snake bite in domestic animals is frequent, with an estimated 6200 cases reported annually. Bites were more prominent in rural (78%) than urban areas (22%) with brown, tiger and black snakes accounting for 76%, 13% and 6% of cases, respectively. Cats and dogs were the most frequently reported victims. Ninety-one percent of cats and 75% of dogs survived following the administration of antivenom whereas 66% of cats and 31% of dogs survived without antivenom. Overall, in 33% of cases antivenom was not used, and venom detection kits were used in only 1% of cases. A number of drugs were used in various combinations with or without antivenom and intravenous fluids in the treatment of animals with snake bite, but their role in reducing the severity of envenomations was not assessed.
Clinical implications Antivenom significantly improves the chances of survival of domestic animals bitten by snakes.  相似文献   

Impact of foot-and-mouth disease on mastitis and culling on a large-scale dairy farm in Kenya     

Nicholas A Lyons  Neal Alexander  Katharina DC St?rk  Thomas D Dulu  Jonathan Rushton  Paul EM Fine 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly transmissible viral infection of cloven hooved animals associated with severe economic losses when introduced into FMD-free countries. Information on the impact of the disease in FMDV-endemic countries is poorly characterised yet essential for the prioritisation of scarce resources for disease control programmes. A FMD (virus serotype SAT2) outbreak on a large-scale dairy farm in Nakuru County, Kenya provided an opportunity to evaluate the impact of FMD on clinical mastitis and culling rate. A cohort approach followed animals over a 12-month period after the commencement of the outbreak. For culling, all animals were included; for mastitis, those over 18 months of age. FMD was recorded in 400/644 cattle over a 29-day period. During the follow-up period 76 animals were culled or died whilst in the over 18 month old cohort 63 developed clinical mastitis. Hazard ratios (HR) were generated using Cox regression accounting for non-proportional hazards by inclusion of time-varying effects. Univariable analysis showed FMD cases were culled sooner but there was no effect on clinical mastitis. After adjusting for possible confounders and inclusion of time-varying effects there was weak evidence to support an effect of FMD on culling (HR = 1.7, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.88-3.1, P = 0.12). For mastitis, there was stronger evidence of an increased rate in the first month after the onset of the outbreak (HR = 2.9, 95%CI 0.97-8.9, P = 0.057).

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0173-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the effect of ketoprofen on experimentally induced ephemeral fever in dairy heifers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

DC FENWICK  RCW DANIEL 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(1):37-41

Objective To evaluate ketoprofen for the therapy of ephemeral fever.
Design A blind controlled clinical trial.
Animals Sixteen cattle (one immature Holstein bull, eight Holstein and seven Jersey heifers).
Procedure Ephemeral fever was induced by the intravenous injection of blood leucocyte layer from a clinical case. Ketoprofen solution or a coded placebo was injected intramuscularly at the rate of 3 mg/kg daily for three days.
Results Ketoprofen reversed locomotor dysfunctions significantly compared with controls, but did not have any effect on rectal temperatures, leucocyte counts, plasma fibrinogen concentrations, ionised Ca-concentrations or the presence of dyspnoea.
Conclusion Ketoprofen is a safe and effective drug for the treatment of locomotor symptoms of milk fever, but has no effect on the duration of clinical respiratory abnormalities.  相似文献   

THE SEVENTH ANNUAL WASHINGTON CONFERENCE OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS,MAY 22-24, 1941     

Teller E  Gamow G  Fleming JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1941,94(2430):92-94

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Hf-W Isotopic Evidence for Rapid Accretion and Differentiation in the Early Solar System   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

DC Lee  AN Halliday 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5294):1876-1879

The time scales over which inner solar system objects accreted and differentiated are unclear because the isotopic systems of many meteorites are disturbed. 182Hf decays to 182W with a half-life of 9 million years and is a particularly useful chronometer because both elements are highly refractory and immobile. Tungsten isotopic data for IIA, IIIA, IVA, and anomalous iron meteorites and H, L, and LL chondrites indicate that their parent bodies accreted rapidly and segregated metal within just a few million years.  相似文献   

Some attempts to improve the nutritive value of urea for dairy cows. 3. Its adjunction to fermentable carbohydrates: starea     

E Teller  J M Godeau 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1986,36(6):541-550

Starea, an intimate mixture of gelatinized wheat starch and urea, was tested again urea with regard to the ammonia release in the rumen, the amount and composition of the nitrogen fraction reaching the intestine, the nitrogen and energy balances, and the performance of lactating cows. Maize silage was the basal feed in all experiments. The ammonia concentration in the rumen liquor was measured in two cows fitted with a permanent rumen cannula. The curve of the ammonia concentration was about the same with both nitrogen supplements, and peaked at about 250 mg/l (14.7 mmol/l) two hours postfeeding. Two dry cows fitted with a re-entrant cannula at 10 cm from the pylorus were fed with maize silage supplemented with increasing amounts of either urea or starea. The duodenal nitrogen flow rapidly levelled off with both supplements and no significant difference between them could be detected. The amount of ammonia in the duodenal digesta remained very low. Nitrogen digestibility measured in lactating cows was not noticeably affected when starea instead of urea was added to maize silage. However, nitrogen excretion in the urine tended to decrease, while nitrogen secretion in milk was augmented with starea. The digestibility of the rations and their metabolizable energy supply were not significantly affected, and milk production was quite the same with both supplements, apart from the higher amount of milk protein obtained with starea compared with urea. As a general conclusion from the whole work conducted on the nutritive value of urea for lactating cows, it can be stated that the decline in performance of the animals after substitution of urea for conventional protein is mainly due to a decrease of the metabolizable energy concentration in the diets. None of the attempts tested in an effort to improve the nutritive value of urea was able to overcome this difficulty.  相似文献