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1.
为了给普通栽培小麦蛋白质和Fe、Zn营养的改良提供参考依据,将来自欧洲的四倍体小麦栽培品种 Langdon 与源于以色列Gitit的野生二粒小麦G18-16杂交重组自交系F6 代的152个家系种植于以色列希伯来大学不同年份的3个干旱和湿润环境（2005年干旱与湿润环境以及2007年湿润环境）下,并进行籽粒蛋白质、Fe和Zn单株产量的数量性状基因位点(QTL)分析。结果发现全部家系在3个不同环境下这三个性状均表现出宽广的遗传差异,共有22个籽粒蛋白质、Fe和Zn单株产量的QTL被分别定位在9条染色体上,LOD值为3.1～15.9,贡献率为2.3%～18%,8个QTL受到环境的影响。仅分布于2A和4A染色体上的籽粒Fe单株产量的QTL存在基因上位性影响。 相似文献
2.
野生二粒小麦苗期及成株期对条中32的抗性表现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国小麦条锈病流行生理小种条中32,对以色列地中海沿岸的Bet-Oren、Bat-Shelomo和Givat-Koach 3个群体的30个基因型的1 030个体苗期及成株期进行接种抗性鉴定和筛选,结果表明:苗期抗性绝大多数材料均表现为感病,其中占总鉴定个体数目的表现型比例:高抗1.5%;中抗13.0%;感病85.5%.群体抗病比例:平均为6.67%,Beit-Oren为0%,Bat-Shelomo和Givat-Koach都为10%.此外,在苗期表现高抗和中抗的个体,其成株期均表现为抗,其中基因型TZ35和TZ94的野生二粒小麦个体表现尤为突出. 相似文献
3.
Hugo Ferney Gomez-Becerra Atilla Yazici Levent Ozturk Hikmet Budak Zvi Peleg Alexey Morgounov Tzion Fahima Yehoshua Saranga Ismail Cakmak 《Euphytica》2010,171(1):39-52
Nineteen wild emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Körn.) Thell.] genotypes were evaluated for the grain concentrations of phosphorous (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and cooper (Cu) under five different environments in Turkey and Israel. Each mineral nutrient has been investigated for the (1) genotype by environment (G × E) interactions, (2) genotype stability, (3) correlation among minerals and (4) mineral stability. Among the macronutrients analyzed, grain concentrations of Ca (range 338–2,034 mg kg?1) and S (range 0.18–0.43%) showed the largest variation. In the case of micronutrients, the largest variation was observed in the grain Mn concentration (range 13–87 mg kg?1). Grain concentrations of Fe and Zn also showed important variation (range 27–86 and 39–115 mg kg?1, respectively). Accessions with higher nutrient concentrations (especially Zn and Fe) had also greater grain weight, suggesting that higher grain Zn and Fe concentrations are not necessarily related to small grain size or weight. Analysis of variance showed that environment was the most important source of variation for K, S, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn, explaining between 44 and 78% of the total variation and G × E explained between 20 and 40% of the total variation in all the minerals, except for S and Zn where its effect accounted for less than 16%. Genotype was the most important source of variation for Cu (explaining 38% of the total variation). However, genotype effect was also important for Mg, Mn, Zn and S. Sulfur and Zn showed the largest heritability values (77 and 72%, respectively). Iron exhibited low heritability and high ratio value between the G × E and genotype variance components \( \left( {\sigma_{\text{GE}}^{2} /\sigma_{G}^{2} } \right) \), suggesting that specific adaptation for this mineral could be positively exploited. The wild emmer germplasm tested in the current study revealed some outstanding accessions (such as MM 5/4 and 24-39) in terms of grain Zn and Fe concentrations and environmental stability that can be used as potential donors to enhance grain micronutrient concentrations in wheats. 相似文献
4.
Hermann Buerstmayr Michael Stierschneider Barbara Steiner Marc Lemmens Michaela Griesser Eviatar Nevo Tzion Fahima 《Euphytica》2003,130(1):17-23
Head blight of wheat (FHB, scab) caused by Fusarium spp. has been associated with yield and quality losses in many wheat-growing regions. In tetraploid wheat sources of resistance
are scarce. In the search for novel sources of resistance, 151 Triticum dicoccoides genotypes, originating from 16 habitats in Israel and one habitat in Turkey together with several control genotypes, were
evaluated for reaction to fungal spread (Type II resistance) in replicated greenhouse experiments. Significant genetic diversity
was found among the tested genotypes, the broad sense heritability for Type II FHB resistance was 0.71. Most of the tetraploid
accessions were highly susceptible, only a few showed moderate resistance. Among the eight T. dicoccoides lines with the lowest relative infection rates, five originated from the Mt. Gerizim population, and three from the Mt. Hermon
population. None of the
T. dicoccoides lines reached the level of resistance present in the common wheat cultivar Sumai3.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Aharoni Ran Klymiuk Valentyna Sarusi Benny Young Sierra Fahima Tzion Fishbain Barak Kendler Shai 《Precision Agriculture》2021,22(1):267-286
Precision Agriculture - Yellow rust (YR) wheat disease is one of the major threats to worldwide wheat production, and it often spreads rapidly to new and unexpected geographic locations. To cope... 相似文献
6.
Xiaoling Ji Chaojie Xie Zhongfu Ni Tsomin Yang Eviatar Nevo Tzion Fahima Zhiyong Liu Qixin Sun 《Euphytica》2008,159(3):385-390
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in China and worldwide, causing severe yield losses annually. Wild emmer (T. dicoccoides) accession IW72 collected from Israel is resistant to powdery mildew at the seedling and adult stages. Genetic analysis indicated
that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated MlIW72. The F2 population and F3 families derived from a hybrid between IW72 and susceptible durum wheat line Mo75 were used for molecular mapping of the
resistance gene. MlIW72 was linked with SSR loci Xgwm344, Xcfa2040, Xcfa2240, Xcfa2257 and Xwmc525 on the long arm of chromosome 7A. In addition, two STS markers, MAG2185 (derived from RFLP marker PSR680) and MAG1759 (developed
from EST CD452874), were mapped close to MlIW72. All these markers were physically located in the terminal bin 0.86–1.00 of 7AL. The chromosome location and genetic mapping
results suggested that the powdery mildew resistance gene identified in wild emmer accession IW72 might be a new allele at
the Pm1 locus or a new locus closely linked to Pm1. 相似文献
7.
Fahima BELALA Azziz HIRCHE Serge D MULLER Mahmoud TOURKI Mostefa SALAMANI Mohamed GRANDI Tahar AIT HAMOUDA Madjid BOUGHANI 《干旱区科学》2018,10(4):561-573
Since 1960, the steppe regions of North Africa have been subject to an increasing desertification, including the degradation of traditional pastures. The initially dominant species(Artemisia herba-alba, Lygeum spartum and Stipa tenacissima) declined and were progressively replaced by other species(Atractylis serratuloides and Salsola vermiculata) that are more tolerant to the new conditions. It is not clear whether these changes are due to anthropogenic reasons or climatic determinism. We have carried out a statistical analysis of the climate to detect putative rainfall changes during the 20~(th) century in the Algerian steppes based on data from 9 meteorological stations, including 2 Saharan stations(El Oued and Touggourt), 3 pre-Saharan stations(Biskra, Laghouat and Ain Sefra) and 4 steppe stations(Djelfa, Saida, Méchéria and El-Bayadh) located in the arid high plains, which represent the bioclimate diversities of the region. Previous studies suggested that significant rainfall changes for the 20~(th) century only had records in the south of the Oran region. Most of the studies, however, looked at restricted territories over limited periods, and did not integrate the rainiest period 2004–2014. Our work is designed to integrate all the longest time series of meteorological data available for the steppe regions of Algeria. Our results confirm the spatial rainfall distribution(significant rainfall changes only recorded in the southwestern region) evidenced by previous studies, and reveal a decreasing rainfall gradient from northeastern to southwestern Algeria. Moreover, the results reveal a trend of significant decrease of rainfall in the southern Oran region, marked by two drought periods in 1980–1985 and 1999–2003. However, with the exception of the southwestern region, rainfall overall has not declined since the beginning of the 20~(th) century. While less marked in other regions, the drought appear to have affected all territories of the Algerian steppe. Consequently, our study implies that the climate was not a leading influence in the on-going degradation of the vegetation cover of steppe landscapes. Such a vegetation evolution thus appears to be have been determined more by human activities than by climate forcing. 相似文献
8.
四倍体小麦籽粒多组分营养物质含量的QTL定位及相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了寻找改良普通栽培小麦营养物质含量的基因资源,以野生二粒小麦G18-16和硬粒小麦Langdon杂交所构建的重组自交系F6代群体为研究材料,种植于黔中地区并对该群体籽粒可溶性蛋白质、总类黄酮、总酚、植酸和黄色素5个营养性状含量进行测定。共检测到6个相关的QTLs,分别分布在染色体2A、3A、4A、6B和7A上。除小麦籽粒总酚性状外,其余四个性状均呈正态分布。网络相关性分析表明,所有营养性状与农艺性状间均呈显著负相关,仅黄色素与农艺性状无显著相关性。主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)也显示总酚和黄色素与其他营养性状有显著差异,并且是造成群体分布差异最主要的因素。因此,小麦总酚和黄色素性状在其生理代谢中可能存在特殊性。另外,PCA还筛选出2组在5个营养性状上存在显著差异的基因池家系各4株,为回交和精细定位提供了较可靠的研究材料。 相似文献
9.
E. D. Owuor A. Beharav T. Fahima V. M. Kirzhner A. B. Korol E. Nevo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(2):213-224
Genetic micro-differentiation was studied in wild barley at the Neve Yaar microsite, Israel, an area of 3182 m2, which includes a mosaic of sun-rock, sun-soil, shade-rock, and shade-soil microniches. Fifty-six genotypes were tested for ecological-genetic microniche correlates. Analysis of 75 RAPD loci revealed a significantly higher polymorphism and gene diversity (P
0.05 = 0.920; He = 0.411) on the more stressful sun-rock microniche, compared to the least stressful shade-soil microniche (P
0.05 = 0.653; He = 0.188). Fifty-six (74.7%) out of the 75 loci varied significantly in allele frequencies. On the average, of the 75 loci, 75.7% of the total genetic diversity exists within the four microniches, while 24.3% exists between the microniches. The highest genetic distance was between shade-soil and sun-rock (D = 0.220), which confirmed their sharp microecological contrasts. Gametic phase disequilibria (LD) differed significantly between sunny and shady microniches. The levels of correct classification of individual genotypes into their respective microniche, based on the presence/absence of bands of the 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 best differentiating loci, obtained by stepwise discriminant analysis, were 79, 84, 89, 95, and 100%, respectively. We conclude that ecological contrasts at the Neve Yaar microsite cause molecular diversifying selection (presumably at both coding and noncoding genomic regions of wild barley) overriding gene flow. 相似文献
10.
硬粒小麦与野生二粒小麦重组自交系群体穗部性状的QTL定位 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
野生二粒小麦是现代栽培小麦的祖先种,含有极为丰富的遗传多样性。本研究利用来自以色列Gitit的野生二粒小麦G18-16与来自欧洲的硬粒小麦栽培品种Langdon杂交构建的重组自交系F6代152个家系,进行了抽穗期、单株有效穗数、穗粒数、穗长、芒长等数量性状基因位点(QTL)分析,发现全部家系在5个性状上表现出宽广的遗传差异。14个穗部性状加性QTL被定位,LOD值为1.9~13.4,贡献率为7.3%~54.2%。控制抽穗期的QTL共3个,定位在3A(2个)和7B上;在2A(2个)和5A上共找到3个控制穗粒数的QTL;在5B上找到2个控制单株有效穗数的QTL;控制穗长的3个QTL分布在5A(2个)和7A上;在4B,5A和7A上共找到3个控制芒长的QTL。获得的QTL可用于今后分子标记辅助育种改良现代栽培小麦。 相似文献