Sequence and unique phylogeny of G genes of bovine respiratory syncytial viruses circulating in Japan     

Asuka Kumagai  Kyoko Kawauchi  Kiyohiko Andoh  Shinichi Hatama 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(1):162

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an etiologic agent of bovine respiratory disease. The rapid evolutionary rate of BRSV contributes to genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of field strains and causes occasional vaccine failure. We conducted molecular epidemiologic characterization of BRSV circulating in Japan to obtain genetic information for vaccine-based disease control. Phylogenetic analysis of G and F gene sequences revealed that all of the isolated Japanese BRSV strains clustered in the same genetic subgroup, which was distinct from the 9 known groups. We assigned the Japanese group to subgenotype X. The Japanese isolates formed 2 temporal clusters: isolates from 2003 to 2005 clustered in lineage A; isolates from 2017 to 2019 formed lineage B. The alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the G gene revealed that the central hydrophobic region responsible for viral antigenicity is conserved in all of the isolates; unique amino acid mutations were found mainly in mucin-like regions. Our results suggest that BRSV has evolved uniquely in Japan to form the new subgenotype X; the antigenic homogeneity of the viruses within this group is inferred.  相似文献   

Milk traits of lactating cows submitted to feed restriction     

Alexandre Mossate Gabbi  Concepta Margareth McManus  Maira Balbinotti Zanela  Marcelo Tempel Stumpf  Rosângela Silveira Barbosa  Vilmar Fruscalso  André Thaler Neto  Fernando André Schmidt  Vivian Fischer 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(1):37-43

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Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) infects keratinocytes and is restricted to lesion sites and local lymph nodes in the bovine, a natural host   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Scherer CF  O'Donnell V  Golde WT  Gregg D  Estes DM  Rodriguez LL 《Veterinary research》2007,38(3):375-390

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Characterization of symptoms of senescence and chilling injury on inflorescences of Heliconia bihai (L.) cv. Lobster Claw and cv. Halloween     

Andreza S. Costa  Luis Carlos Nogueira  Venézio F. dos Santos  Fernando Luiz Finger  Terezinha Rangel Camara  Vivian Loges  Lilia Willadino 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,59(1):103-109

Inadequate temperatures during the shipping and commercialization of cut tropical flowers may accelerate the senescence process and cause chilling injury, leading to symptoms that have not yet been described for Heliconia bihai. The aim of the present study was to evaluate physiological responses in cut inflorescences of H. bihai cv. Lobster Claw (LC) and cv. Halloween (HW) as well as symptoms of senescence and chilling injury. For such, changes in fresh weight, bract color (L*, a* and b*), percentage of absolute integrity (PAI) of cell membranes and leakage of potassium ions (LPI) were determined. The flowering stems were evaluated at five different intervals after harvest (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 d). A refrigerated treatment (RT) with a temperature of 6.5 °C and 85% relative humidity was compared to a control treatment (CT) at room temperature of 24 °C and 66% relative humidity. Both cultivars stored at 6.5 °C exhibited dryness of bract tissue (symptom of senescence) and dark stains that became brownish and evolved to necrosis (symptom of chilling injury). The visual quality of inflorescences decreased with time in both cultivars maintained without refrigeration. The severity of chilling injury increased with the length of storage time in both cultivars. There was a significant reduction in the fresh weight of inflorescences in both treatments (RT and CT) and both cultivars (LC and HW). Bract color changed in both cultivars at 6.5 °C. There was no change in PAI throughout the evaluation period in the inflorescences stored at room temperature, whereas those stored at 6.5 °C for 6 and 8 d had lower PAI values. The inflorescences in the control treatment underwent no change in LPI values, whereas those stored under refrigeration had increased LPI values after the sixth day of storage. The physiological responses of cut Heliconia flowers were influenced by storage period and temperature, as demonstrated by visual symptoms of chilling injury and senescence.  相似文献   

Characterization of new photosynthesis-inhibiting imidazolidine derivatives. 1. Interpretation of post-emergence herbicidal performance from photosynthesis-inhibiting activity and systemicity     

Daisuke Yanase  Misako Chiba  Akihide Andoh  Takeshi Gotoh 《Pest management science》1995,43(4):279-285

An attempt was made to account for quantitatively measured herbicidal performance of foliage-applied 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-2–oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamide derivatives by their photosynthesis-inhibiting activity and systemicity. Photosynthesis-inhibiting activity was estimated from the increase of chlorophyll fluorescence intensity in Chlorella vulgaris Beijer cells measured by a microplate scanner, and systemicity was also evaluated by computer-aided chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. The highest herbicidal performance was recorded for N-cyclohexyl-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-imidazo～idine-l-carboxamide, a compound with the second strongest photosynthesis-inhibiting activity and intermediate systemicity. Though neither photosynthesis-inhibiting activity nor systemicity showed significant correlation with the actual herbicidal performance in simple regression analyses, a high predictability was found for a multiple regression on both parameters as two independent variables, suggesting that these two factors work cooperatively in the field performance.  相似文献   

Effects of equine recombinant interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-1beta on proteoglycan metabolism and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in equine articular cartilage explants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Takafuji VA  McIlwraith CW  Howard RD 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(4):551-558

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of equine recombinant interleukin-1alpha (rEqIL-1alpha) and recombinant interleukin-1beta (rEqIL-1beta) on proteoglycan metabolism and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis by equine articular chondrocytes in explant culture. SAMPLE POPULATION: Near full-thickness articular cartilage explants (approx 50 mg) harvested from stifle joints of a 3-year-old and a 5-year-old horse. PROCEDURE: Expression constructs containing cDNA sequences encoding EqIL-1alpha and EqIL-1beta were generated, prokaryotically expressed, and the recombinant protein purified. Near full-thickness articular cartilage explants (approx 50 mg) harvested from stifle joints of a 3-year-old and a 5-year-old horse were separately randomized to receive rEqIL-1alpha or rEqIL-1beta treatments 10 to 500 ng/ml). Proteoglycan release was evaluated by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue spectrophotometric analysis of explant media glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentration and release of 35S-sulfate-labeled GAG to explant media. Proteoglycan synthesis was assessed by quantification of 35S-sulfate incorporation into proteoglycan. Explant media PGE2 concentrations were evaluated using a PGE2-specific enzyme-linked immunoassay. Data were collected at 48-hour intervals and normalized by DNA content. RESULTS: Proteoglycan release was induced by rEqIL-1alpha and rEqIL-1beta at concentrations > or =0.1 ng/ml, with 38 to 76% and 88 to 98% of total GAG released by 4 and 6 days, respectively. Inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis (42 to 64%) was observed at IL-1 concentrations > or = 0.1 ng/ml at 2 and 4 days. Increased PGE2 concentrations were observed at IL-1 concentrations > or = 0.1 ng/ml at 2 and 4 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The rEqIL-1 induced potent concentration-dependent derangement of equine chondrocyte metabolism in vitro. These findings suggest this model may be suitable for the in vitro study of the pathogenesis and treatment of joint disease in horses.  相似文献   

Mutation and virulence assessment of chromosomal genes of Rhodococcus equi 103     

Yanlong Pei  Valeria Parreira  Vivian M. Nicholson    John F. Prescott 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2007,71(1):1-7

Rhodococcus equi can cause severe or fatal pneumonia in foals as well as in immunocompromised animals and humans. Its ability to persist in macrophages is fundamental to how it causes disease, but the basis of this is poorly understood. To examine further the general application of a recently developed system of targeted gene mutation and to assess the importance of different genes in resistance to innate immune defenses, we disrupted the genes encoding high-temperature requirement A (htrA), nitrate reductase (narG), peptidase D (pepD), phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase (purC), and superoxide dismutase (sodC) in strain 103 of R. equi using a double-crossover homologous recombination approach. Virulence testing by clearance after intravenous injection in mice showed that the htrA and narG mutants were fully attenuated, the purC and sodC mutants were unchanged, and the pepD mutant was slightly attenuated. Complementation with the pREM shuttle plasmid restored the virulence of the htrA and pepD mutants but not that of the narG mutant. A single-crossover mutation approach was simpler and faster than the double-crossover homologous recombination technique and was used to obtain mutations in 6 other genes potentially involved in virulence (clpB, fadD8, fbpB, glnA1, regX3, and sigF). These mutants were not attenuated in the mouse clearance assay. We were not able to obtain mutants for genesfurA, galE, and sigE using the single-crossover mutation approach. In summary, the targeted-mutation system had general applicability but was not always completely successful, perhaps because some genes are essential under the growth conditions used or because the success of mutation depends on the target genes.  相似文献   

Extractives relating to heartwood color changes in sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) by a combination of smoke-heating and UV radiation exposure     

F.?Ishiguri  S.?Maruyama  K.?Takahashi  Z.?Abe  S.?Yokota  M.?Andoh  N.?YoshizawaEmail author 《Journal of Wood Science》2003,49(2):135-139

 Sugi green logs with red or black heartwood were smoke-heated, and the changes in the color of the heartwood after ultraviolet (UV) (λ = 365 nm) radiation exposure were then observed. After UV radiation exposure, the redness and yellowness increased in both the red and black heartwoods, whereas the brightness decreased. In the black heartwood, the resulting color turned from yellowish white to reddish brown. Reddening in black heartwood after exposure to a combination of smoke heating and UV radiation is thought to be due to a decrease in brightness and an increase in both redness and yellowness. However, the degree of change in heartwood color by UV radiation exposure was not greatly affected by smoke-heating treatments of various lengths. When methanol extracts were fractionated and exposed to UV radiation, the yellowness increased in the n-hexane-soluble portion and the redness increased in the acetone-soluble fractions from the n-hexane-insoluble portion. These results suggest that the n-hexane-soluble fraction contains the substances that allow heartwood color to change to yellow after UV radiation exposure, and the acetone-soluble-fraction from the n-hexane-insoluble portion contains the substances that allow it to change to red. Received: November 14, 2001 / Accepted: June 3, 2002 Acknowledgment This research was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This study was presented in part at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001 Correspondence to:N. Yoshizawa  相似文献   

Body development, carcass, and meat quality of confined lambs fed increasing levels of whole rice meal     

Carmen Lucia de Souza Rech  José Luiz Rech  Vivian Fischer  Mabel Mascarenhas Wiegand  Heden Luiz Marques Moreira  Maria Teresa Moreira Osório  Frank Siewerdt 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(1):191-195

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of whole rice meal (WRM) inclusion in the concentrate upon body development, carcass traits, and meat quality of lambs. Twenty-four castrated lambs with an average initial body weight of 17.90?±?2.72 kg were randomly blocked according to two genetic groups (Corriedale and Texel by Corriedale crossbreds). Three isocaloric (11.3 MJ/kg of metabolizable energy) and isonitrogenous (17 % crude protein) diets were offered to the animals for 74 days. Diets consisted of 40 % forage and 60 % concentrate diet, on a dry matter basis, with 0, 15, or 30 % of WRM inclusion into the concentrate. Body growth (after slaughter), carcass, and meat traits were evaluated on each animal. Results obtained indicated that genotype did not affect body growth, carcass, and meat traits except for yellowness. No significant interaction between diet and genotype were detected. Inclusion of up to 30 % WRM did not significantly (P?>?0.05) affect body growth, carcass, and meat traits, except for meat color. Meat luminosity progressively increased (36.32?+?0.055X) while redness (15.13???0.03X) decreased with the inclusion of WRM in the diet, but still remained within acceptable values. The study indicates that WRM may be included up to 30 % in the concentrate replacing corn without adverse effects upon body development, carcass traits, and meat quality of lambs.  相似文献   

Use of monoclonal antibodies for analyses of Coxiella burnetii major antigens     

Hotta A  Zhang GQ  Andoh M  Yamaguchi T  Fukushi H  Hirai K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(10):1289-1291

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to major antigens of Coxiella burnetii were produced. Some of the MAbs to a 62-kDa protein antigen, peptidoglycan protein complex and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-chains reacted with other bacteria whereas none of the MAbs to outer membrane proteins and LPS outer-core did. The LPS outer-core and OMPs may be useful antigens for specifically detecting antibodies to C. burnetii.  相似文献