COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY-GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS BIOPSY: CRITERIA FOR ACCURATE NEEDLE TIP IDENTIFICATION     

Amy S.  Tidwell  DVM  Karen L.  Johnson  BS  CNMT 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1994,35(6):440-444

Precise localization of the needle tip during CT-guided percutaneous biopsy is considered to be a key element of a successful procedure. To ensure accuracy, the true needle tip must be differentiated from a false or simulated tip which appears when the CT slice encompasses only the shaft of an angled needle. By obtaining images of an aspiration biopsy needle inserted vertically into a phantom and then incrementally tilting the gantry, the authors were able to compare the characteristic features of the true tip to the simulated tip. The true tip was abrupt and distinct and had an adjacent flame-like low density artifact. The simulated tip was indistinct and tapered, yet still produced the adjacent artifact. We concluded that the shape and distinctness of the end portion of the needle itself, rather than the attendant artifact, were the most reliable criteria for accurate needle tip identification.  相似文献   

Transesophageal monitoring of aortic blood flow during nonemergent canine surgeries     

Piper L. Wall  DVM  PhD  DACVECC  ; Maisha M. Rudison  BS  ; Tatjana Lazic  DVM  Dean H. Reidesel  DVM  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2002,12(1):1-8

Objective: To establish baseline values for descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters as determined with a transesophageal combined M‐mode and pulsed Doppler ultrasound‐based monitoring method. Design: Preliminary observational study. Setting: University small animal teaching hospital. Animals: The study population consisted of anesthetized canine patients undergoing nonemergent surgeries. Prospectively set criteria for inclusion were adequate body size for placement of the esophageal probe and a nonemergent reason for surgery. The criterion for exclusion was recent trauma. Interventions: Placement of the transesophageal probe. Measurements and main results: Data was collected during 15 surgeries. Data from three dogs was excluded from data analysis (two recently hit by motor vehicles, one recently having undergone a total hip replacement). Each parameter was stable across time within each individual dog. The ranges of the descending thoracic aortic parameters across the 12 nonemergent cases were as follows: blood flow, 0.038–0.085 L min^?1 kg^?1; blood flow per beat, 0.31–0.84 mL kg^?1; blood acceleration, 6–29 m s^2?1; blood peak velocity, 38–105 m s^?1; left ventricular ejection time interval 331–492 ms; and diameter, 0.30–0.93 mm kg^?1. Conclusions: The range of descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters encountered in this small group of dogs during nonemergent surgeries was broad; however, each parameter was quite stable across time with little change occurring in any dog during monitoring.  相似文献   

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Force-Plate Analysis of Gait in Dogs With Healed Femora After Leg-Lengthening Plate Fixation     

PETER MUIR BVSc  MVetClinStud  PhD  MACVSC  MRCVS    MARK D. MARKEL DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS    JOHN J. BOGDANSKE BS  KENNETH A. JOHNSON MVSC  PHD  FACVSc  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(1):15-24

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density of four regions in healed femora of nine dogs after fracture fixation with a leg-lengthening plate. Six to 85 months (mean, 46 months) after surgery, the bone mineral density of healed femora was not significantly different from the contralateral uninjured femora ( P >.05; power = 0.8 at Δ= 15%). Radio-lucencies around the proximal screws, apparently associated with screw loosening, were seen on radiographic views of the healed femora of three dogs. In one of these dogs, one screw in the proximal metaphysis had broken. Force-plate analysis of gait was also performed on dogs at the time of bone mineral density measurement. Peak vertical force was decreased in the pelvic limb with the healed fracture compared with the contralateral unoperated limb ( P < 0.05). Clinically apparent lameness in three dogs did not appear to be associated with altered bone mineral density and may have been caused by hip osteoarthritis, a nondisplaced hairline diaphyseal fracture, and screw loosening in conjunction with extensive post-traumatic soft tissue injury.  相似文献   

Use of ⁶⁴Copper Measurements to Diagnose Canine Copper Toxicosis     

George J. Brewer MD    William Schall DVM    Robert Dick BS    Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan PhD    Michael Thomas DVM  George Padgett DVM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1992,6(1):41-43

Inherited canine copper toxicosis is a serious problem in Bedlington terriers and West Highland White terriers, and may also be a problem in other less-studied breeds. Affected dogs become ill at midlife with progressive and ultimately fatal liver disease. Treatments for removal of copper and prevention of copper accumulation are available, but are most effective if begun before the dog becomes ill. Until recently diagnosis has not been available until the dog is 1 year of age, and then only by an invasive liver biopsy with determination of liver copper concentration. The authors studied the use of 64copper for early diagnosis of canine copper toxicosis. Two procedures were evaluated. The first involved measuring the concentration of 64copper in blood 24 hours after oral administration of the radioisotope. At this time, 64copper was associated primarily with ceruloplasmin secreted into the blood by the liver. This procedure is useful in the diagnosis of the human counterpart, Wilson's disease. However, the authors found it to be nondiscriminatory between affected and unaffected dogs. In contrast, the second procedure, which involved measuring 64copper excreted in stool during 48 hours after an intravenous dose of radioisotope, yielded results that differentiated most affected and unaffected dogs.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Salmonella isolated from an outbreak of equine salmonellosis in a veterinary teaching hospital     

M.L. Castor BS  R.E. Wooley DVM  PhD  E.B. Shotts PhD  J. Brown DVM PhD  J.B. Payeur DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1989,9(5)

During an outbreak of equine salmonellosis in a veterinary teaching hospital 20 Salmonella isolates were cultured from sick horses (13 isolates) or from the hospital environment (7 isolates). Three serotypes were isolated from the environment including: S. give, S. newportand S. agona. The serotypes isolated from horses included: S. give, S. newport and S. anatum. Examination of antibiotic profiles, presence of plasmids, production of bacteriocins and hemagglutination of erythrocytes implied a common origin for the equine and environmental isolates.  相似文献   

Accuracy of the thermodilution method in estimating high flow - an in vitro study     

K.A. Jarvis Ph.D    M.J. Woliner BS  E.P. Steffey VMD  PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1992,19(1):41-45

The accuracy of thermodilution for measuring flow rates of 10–40 L/min was evaluated using a commercially available thermodilution cardiac output computer in an in vitro model. Water (36.5–37.5°C) was directed through a mixing chamber via a constant flow pump. Thermodilution estimates of flow using four different volumes (10, 20, 30, 40 ml) of iced water injectate were compared to simultaneous measurements of timed samples of effluent from the mixing chamber. Injectate volume had a significant impact on the accuracy of thermodilution estimation (p < 0.05). Thermodilution overestimated measured flow when 10 and 20 ml of injectate were used to determine flow rates < 20 L/min but underestimated flow when injectate volumes of 30 and 40 ml were used, or when measured flow was > 25 L/min. The discrepancy between thermodilution flow and measured flow increased as rate of fluid flow increased.  相似文献   

Performance Evaluation of the ADS 1000 Ventilator Using a Lung Model     

L.S. Faudskar DVM  M. R. Raffe DVM  MS  D. A. Randall BS  D. R. Bing BS  RRT 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1997,7(1):49-58

A laboratory evaluation was performed to evaluate the performance characteristics of a new veterinary ventilator. The ventilator studied was configured according to manufacturer's directions and attached to a test lung via a pneumotachograph and differential pressure transducer interfaced to a pulmonary mechanics analyzer system. Constant resistance (R=10 cm H₂O/L/sec) and compliance (C=3 ml/cm H₂O) factors were maintained for all trials. The ventilator operated at the manufacturer's preprogrammed parameters. In the first trial, body weight was the only variable. In the second trial, an endotracheal tube was placed in series between the ventilator's breathing circuit and the pneumotachograph. Body weights from 1–20 kgs were evaluated. Mean values for respiratory rate (RR), minute ventilation (VE), inspiratory time (Ti), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and peak inspiratory flow (Fpki) displayed on the ventilator control panel; tidal volume (VT), calculated from the displayed minute volume, and identical parameters measured by the pulmonary mechanics system at each body weight, were compared using a two factor analysis of variance. Significant differences (P< 0.05) were found between mean displayed and measured values for RR, PIP, and Fpki.  相似文献   

Pilot Production of Hatchery-Reared Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus in a Marine Recirculating Aquaculture System: The Effects of Ration Level on Growth, Feed Conversion, and Survival     

Patrick M.  Carroll Wade O.  Watanabe Thomas M.  Losordo 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2005,36(1):120-128

Pilot‐scale trials were conducted to evaluate growout performance of hatchery‐reared summer flounder fingerlings in a state‐of‐the‐art recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The outdoor RAS consisted of four 4.57‐m dia × 0.69‐m deep (vol. =11.3 m³) covered, insulated tanks and associated water treatment components. Fingerlings (85.1 g mean initial weight) supplied by a commercial hatchery were stocked into two tanks at a density of 1,014 fish/tank (7.63 kg/m³). Fish were fed an extruded dry floating diet consisting of 50% protein and 12% lipid. The temperature was maintained between 20 C and 23 C and the salinity was 34 ppt. Under these conditions, growth, growth variation (CV_wt), feed utilization, and survival of fish fed to 100% and 82% of a satiation rate were compared. Due to clear changes in growth patterns during the study, data was analyzed in three phases. During phase 1 (d 1–d 196), fish showed rapid growth, reaching a mean weight of 288 g ± 105 and 316 g ± 102, with a CV_wt of 0.36 and 0.32 and FCR's of 1.38 and 1.36 in the subsatiation and satiation groups, respectively. During phase 2 (d 196–d 454), fish displayed slower growth reaching mean weights of 392 g ± 144 and 436 g ± 121, with a CV_wt of 0.37 and 0.28, and increasing FCR's of 3.45 and 3.12 in the subsatiation and satiation groups, respectively. During phase 3 (d 454–d 614), fish showed little growth reaching mean weights of 399 g ± 153 and 440 g ± 129, with a CV_wt of 0.38 and 0.29 in the subsatiation and satiation groups, respectively. Over the entire growout period (d 1–d 614), feed conversion ratios were 2.39 and 2.37 and survival was 75% and 81 % in the subsatiation and satiation treatments, respectively. The maximum biomass density reached during the study was 32.3 kg/m³. The satiation feed rate was superior to the 82% satiation rate, since it maximized growth rates, with no effect on FCR. The higher CV_wt in the subsatiation group suggests increased competition for a restricted ration led to a slower growth with more growth variation. The decrease in growth in phases 2 and 3 was probably related to a high percentage of slower growing male fish in the population and the onset of sexual maturity. This study demonstrated that under commercial scale conditions, summer flounder can be successfully grown to a marketable size in a recirculating aquaculture system. Based on these results, it is recommended that a farmer feed at a satiation rate to minimize growout time. More research is needed to maintain high growth rates through marketable sizes through all‐female production and/or inhibition of sexual maturity.  相似文献   

Critical Observations versus Physical Models for Close Binary Systems. Kam-Ching Leung, Ed. Gordon and Breach, New York, 1988. xvi, 472 pp., illus. $95. From a colloquium, Beijing, China, Nov. 1985     

Wade RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,244(4907):994-995

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CO2 in Climate: Gloomsday Predictions Have No Fault     

Wade N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,206(4421):912-913

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