The Economic Response of South Pacific Societies*     

R. F. Watters 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》1970,11(1):120-144

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RESUME:Incidence de la recherche sur la protection des produits stockés au Canada     

F.L. Watters 《EPPO Bulletin》1974,4(3):302-303

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Physiological and biochemical consequences of electroimobilisation in conscious sheep     

TR KUCHEL  LE MATHER†  WB RUNCIMAN†  RJ CARAPETIS† 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(2):33-38

An electroimmobilisation device has been developed to facilitate the automated shearing of sheep, but there is little information on its effects on the body. We have studied its effects on the cardiovascular system and on intermediary metabolism in sheep. Electroimmobilisation caused statistically significant increases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, renal and hepatic and hindquarter glucose and lactate flux, organ and whole body oxygen flux, hindquarter blood flow and core temperature and decreases in arterial and posterior vena cava blood pH, renal and hepatic blood flow and PaCO2. Notably, no change occurred in PaO2. The metabolic changes demonstrated the capacity of sheep to respond to the increased muscular and cardiovascular work induced by electroimmobilisation. Pulmonary function was not compromised during electroimmobilisation as judged from blood gas changes, and the acid/base changes were rapidly reversed after electroimmobilisation. The recovery to control conditions for all perturbations generally took no longer than 30 min, consistent with a rapid and physiologically adequate reversal by the animal's homeostatic mechanisms.  相似文献   

Radar soundings of the subsurface of Mars   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Picardi G  Plaut JJ  Biccari D  Bombaci O  Calabrese D  Cartacci M  Cicchetti A  Clifford SM  Edenhofer P  Farrell WM  Federico C  Frigeri A  Gurnett DA  Hagfors T  Heggy E  Herique A  Huff RL  Ivanov AB  Johnson WT  Jordan RL  Kirchner DL  Kofman W  Leuschen CJ  Nielsen E  Orosei R  Pettinelli E  Phillips RJ  Plettemeier D  Safaeinili A  Seu R  Stofan ER  Vannaroni G  Watters TR  Zampolini E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5756):1925-1928

The martian subsurface has been probed to kilometer depths by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding instrument aboard the Mars Express orbiter. Signals penetrate the polar layered deposits, probably imaging the base of the deposits. Data from the northern lowlands of Chryse Planitia have revealed a shallowly buried quasi-circular structure about 250 kilometers in diameter that is interpreted to be an impact basin. In addition, a planar reflector associated with the basin structure may indicate the presence of a low-loss deposit that is more than 1 kilometer thick.  相似文献   

Phenotype management: a new approach to habitat restoration     

Jason V Watters  Sean C Lema 《Biological conservation》2003,112(3):435-445

The goal of habitat restoration is to provide environmental conditions that promote the maintenance and growth of target populations. But rarely is it considered how the allocation of resources influences the diversity of phenotypes in these populations. Here we present a framework for considering how habitat restoration can shape the development and expression of phenotypes. We call this approach phenotype management as it entails restoring the resources in a habitat to manage phenotypic diversity. Phenotype management is achieved by manipulating the spatial and temporal distribution of resources to alter the degree of competition among individuals. Differences in competition, in turn, lead to changes in phenotypic and life history expression that affect population parameters including demography and effective population size (N_e). To illustrate how phenotype management can be applied, we explore how resource distributions shape variation in phenotypes in two imperiled fishes, Pacific salmon and desert pupfish. In both examples, modulating male reproductive phenotypes changes the allocation of reproductive success among population members to subsequently affect N_e. These examples further demonstrate that whether to increase or decrease phenotypic diversity depends on the primary conservation pressures faced by the species.  相似文献   

Model uncertainty in the ecosystem approach to fisheries   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Simeon L. Hill  George M. Watters  ré E. Punt  Murdoch K. McAllister  Corinne Le Quéré  John Turner 《Fish and Fisheries》2007,8(4):315-336

Fisheries scientists habitually consider uncertainty in parameter values, but often neglect uncertainty about model structure, an issue of increasing importance as ecosystem models are devised to support the move to an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). This paper sets out pragmatic approaches with which to account for uncertainties in model structure and we review current ways of dealing with this issue in fisheries and other disciplines. All involve considering a set of alternative models representing different structural assumptions, but differ in how those models are used. The models can be asked to identify bounds on possible outcomes, find management actions that will perform adequately irrespective of the true model, find management actions that best achieve one or more objectives given weights assigned to each model, or formalize hypotheses for evaluation through experimentation. Data availability is likely to limit the use of approaches that involve weighting alternative models in an ecosystem setting, and the cost of experimentation is likely to limit its use. Practical implementation of an EAF should therefore be based on management approaches that acknowledge the uncertainty inherent in model predictions and are robust to it. Model results must be presented in ways that represent the risks and trade‐offs associated with alternative actions and the degree of uncertainty in predictions. This presentation should not disguise the fact that, in many cases, estimates of model uncertainty may be based on subjective criteria. The problem of model uncertainty is far from unique to fisheries, and a dialogue among fisheries modellers and modellers from other scientific communities will therefore be helpful.  相似文献   

Cross-sectional area of the aditus laryngis and rima glottidis before and after transection of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve in the horse   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G S Martin  R E Beadle  P F Haynes  J W Watters 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(2):422-425

The ventral-to-dorsal height of the rima glottidis was measured from lateral pharyngeal radiographs after correction for magnification. The rima glottidis height was used to enlarge accurately endoscopic photographs of 5 horses taken before and after transection of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Areas of the rima glottidis and aditus laryngis were measured, using a computerized digitizer. Mean area of the aditus laryngis was 1,908 mm2 before neurectomy and 1,346 mm2 after neurectomy (P = 0.025). Mean area of the rima glottidis was 1,198 mm2 before neurectomy and 805 mm2 after neurectomy (P = 0.025). Mean width of the rima glottidis was 31 mm before neurectomy and 20 mm after neurectomy (P = 0.001). Significant differences were not found between the pre- and postneurectomy heights of the rima glottidis.  相似文献   

PULMONARY ACTINOMYCOSIS IN A DOG     

Edward B.  Breitschwerdt  DVM  John W.  Watters  DVMM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1983,24(4):186-188

A six-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was evaluated for coughing, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and intermittent fever of four month's duration. Extensive alveolar, interstitial, and peribroncial infiltration was observed throughout the lung fields, Pulmonary actinomycosis was diagnosed by isolation of Actinomyces from anaerobic cuture of a transtracheal aspirate. Therapy for Actinomycs resulted in clinical remission; however, radiographic evidence of a severe pulmonary pathologic condition remained 45 days after the initiation of therapy. The dog was asymptomatic for pulmonary disease two years following treatment.  相似文献   

NON-DESTRUCTIVE SAMPLING FOR YIELD ESTIMATION     

李坚 《林业研究》1994,5(3):42-48

AIMThemostcommonmethodforas-sessingtotalbiomassisbydestructive1ysampling,i.e.cuttingdownrandomsam-ples,weighingthem,andextrapo1atingtheresultsfortheentirep1antation.Theesti-matewi1lgenerallybemoreaccuratewithalargersample,butenteringa3-5yearo1dplantationtocutdownshootsanddragthemouttobeweighed,isatime-con-sumingbusiness.Itisthereforenecessarytofindsomereliab1emeansofestimatingbiomassfromparameterswhichcanbeeas-ilymeasuredwhi1etheshootsarestillstanding.Amodelneedstobecreatedtoassessbiomassfirs…  相似文献   

Possible parachordoma in a dog     

SF Forsyth  KG Thompson  AF French  TR Halsey 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):299-302

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: A 15-mm diameter mass developed in the S/C tissue overlying the right lateral gluteal muscle of a 6½-year-old female Flat-coated Retriever.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Cytological preparations following aspiration of the mass were highly cellular and consisted of a population of large polygonal cells containing single to multiple nuclei, large prominent nucleoli, and intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Histologically, the neoplasm consisted of similar large cells surrounded by thick fibrous connective tissue trabeculae. The large polygonal cells reacted positively with antibodies against vimentin, low- and high-molecular-weight variants of cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), but not with antibodies to desmin or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).

DIAGNOSIS: The clinical, gross, histological and immunohistochemical findings are similar to those reported for parachordomas in humans. Neither recurrence nor metastases were noted 18 months after surgical excision of the mass.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first reported case of a possible parachordoma in a dog, a benign tumour with cytological features of malignancy.  相似文献