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1.
Dandan Zhu Jianglin Zhang Zheng Wang Rizwan Khan Muhammad Jianwei Lu Xiaokun Li 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(3):503-510
Data from 147 field trials were collected to study the influence of straw incorporation on soil potassium (K) under an intensive rice–oilseed rape rotation system, while pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of rice straw incorporation on soil K availability. A significant correlation was observed between the soil available K and the relative yield (RRY) and the relative K uptake (RKU) of oilseed rape, with R2 values ranging from 0.07 to 0.08 and from 0.10 to 0.11, respectively, when data were fitted to a logarithmic equation model. In approximately 30% of trials, RRY reached 90%, while soil test available K values were below the critical limit, indicating that soil K values at the time of sampling (within 1 week of rice harvest) underestimated the actual soil K supply capacity. The pot experiment results showed that soil available K was affected by straw incorporation and soil type in the fallow period. The NH4OAc‐K and NaBPh4‐K concentrations of soils increased at first, and then, plateaued after 28 days. Straw incorporation significantly influenced the critical soil K concentration, which is important for making accurate K fertilizer recommendation. These results suggested that straw K should be seriously considered in making K fertilizer recommendations. Extending the sampling time from 1 to 3 weeks after the harvesting of rice to stabilize the effects of straw incorporation may help achieve a more accurate evaluation of soil available K. 相似文献
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Jan Sami Khan M. N. Jan Sofora Zaffar Aaqif Rashid Rizwan Khan M. A. Sheikh F. A. Bhat M. Ashraf Mir R. R. 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(2):661-676
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the principal cereal crops grown in Western-Himalayas of India. A set of 105 barley genotypes including 38... 相似文献
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Qayyum Husain Zoheb Karim Zeeshan Zahoor Banday 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,212(1-4):319-328
Peroxidase from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds was highly effective in the decolorization of textile effluent. Effluent was recalcitrant to the action of fenugreek seeds peroxidase (FSP). However, in order to effectively decolorize effluent by peroxidase, the role of six redox mediators has been investigated. The maximum decolorization of textile effluent was observed in the presence of 1.0 mM 1-hydroxybenzotrizole, 0.7 mM H2O2, and 0.4 U ml?1 of FSP in the buffer of pH 5.0 at 40°C in 2.5 h. The decolorization of textile effluent in a batch process by peroxidase was 85% in 5 h, whereas the complete decolorization of textile effluent by membrane-entrapped FSP was observed within 11 h of its operation. The absorption spectra of treated effluent exhibited a marked diminution in the absorbance at different wavelengths compared to untreated effluent. 相似文献
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Sajad Majeed Zargar Bodo Raatz Humira Sonah MuslimaNazir Javid A. Bhat Zahoor Ahmad Dar Ganesh Kumar Agrawal Randeep Rakwal 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2015,18(5):293-308
Recent advances in sequencing technology have brought several novel platforms for marker development and subsequent genotyping. The high-throughput and cost effective marker techniques have changed the entire scenario of marker applications. The huge genotypic data obtained with next generation sequencing (NGS) also demands analytical tools, statistical advances, and comprehensive understanding to cope with breeding applications. In the present review, we discussed different available marker techniques, their strengths, and limitations. Emphasis was given on software tools, analytical pipelines, workbenches, and online resources available for marker development. Comparison of SNP genotyping involving complexity reduction techniques like GBS, RRL, RAD, and array-based platforms were presented in a view to describe suitability for specific purposes. We found that genotyping by whole genome re-sequencing has great potential, and could be a routine application in the near future with continuously decreasing cost of sequencing. Microsatellites, still a valuable option for breeders, have also advanced with NGS. Here a catalogue of tools for microsatellite evaluation in short sequence reads was provided. The most common applications of molecular marker like QTL mapping, genome-wide association mapping (GWAS), and genomic selection were highlighted. The present review will be helpful for the effective utilization of available resources and for the planning of crop improvement programs employing molecular marker techniques. 相似文献
5.
Ejaz Ahmad Waraich Zahoor Ahmad Rashid Ahmad Saifullah M. Y. Ashraf 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(12):1929-1943
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the foliar applied phosphorous with and without pre-plant dose (50 kg hac.?1) of phosphorous on growth, chlorophyll contents, gas exchange parameters and phosphorous use efficiency (PUE) of wheat. The experiment was conducted in net house at Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Two promising wheat cultivar AARI 2011 and FSD 2008 were used as a test crop with 5 foliar phosphorus (P) rates (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 kg ha?1). The foliar applied P with pre-plant performed better than without pre-plant and control treatments. Foliar treatment of phosphorus at 6 kg ha?1 P proved to be the best among other foliar treatments followed by 8 kg ha?1 P. The foliar application of phosphorous at 6 kg hac.?1 with pre-plant soil applied P increased the shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dry weight. The chlorophyll contents (Chl. a and b) were increased with the foliar application of phosphorous. The gas exchange parameters (net carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and sub-stomatal CO2 rate) were significantly improved by foliar applied P. The maximum values of net CO2 assimilation rate (5.27 μ mol m?2 sec.?1), transpiration rate (3.44 μ mol m?2 sec.?1), stomatal conductance (0.81 μ mol m?2 sec.?1) and sub-stomatal CO2 (271.67 μ mol m?2 sec.?1), were recorded in the treatment where P was foliar applied at 6 kg hac.?1 with pre-plant soil applied Phosphorous. The foliar application of phosphorous with pre-plant soil applied P enhanced Phosphorous use efficiency (PUE) in both varieties. The maximum value of PUE (15.42%) was recorded in the treatment where foliar feeding of P was done at 6 kg hac.?1 with pre-plant soil applied P in both genotypes. 相似文献
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Five crop straws(wheat, rice, maize, oil-rape, and cotton) were first steam-exploded for 2 min at 210°C, 2.5 MPa and then pyrolyzed at 500°C for 2 h. Steam explosion(SE) induced 47–95% and 5–16% reduction of hemicellulose and cellulose, respectively, in the crop straws. The biochars derived from SE-treated feedstocks had a lower specific surface area(SSA) and pore volume, compared to those from pristine feedstocks, with one exception that SE enhanced SSA of oil-rape straw biochar by approximately 16 times. After SE, biochars had significant higher anion exchange capacity(AEC)(6.88–11.44 cmol kg~(–1)) and point of zero net charges(PZNC)(pH 3.61–5.32) values. It can thus be speculated that these biochars may have higher potential for anions adsorption. In addition, oil-rape straw might be suitable to SE pretreatment for preparing biochar as a soil amendment and sorbent as well. Further work is required for testing its application in soil. 相似文献
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The pattern of organophosphate resistance in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) was monitored in Pakistan from 1994 through 1997 using an IRAC leaf-dip method. Generally, moderate to high resistance was found to an orthophosphorate, monocrotophos and to a dithiophosphorate, ethion. Resistance to the commonly used thiophosphorates, chlorpyrifos and profenofos, was very low during 1994 and 1995 but showed an upward trend during 1996 and 1997. Resistance factors to the other thiophosphorates such as quinalphos, parathion-methyl, methamidophos and triazophos remained very low. Baseline lethal concentrations for ethion, methamidophos and triazophos were at least four to five times higher than those for the other organophosphates tested, suggesting their low intrinsic efficacy against H armigera. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Wen-qing ZHAO You WU Zahoor Rizwan You-hua WANG Yi-na MA Bing-lin CHEN Ya-li MENG Zhi-guo ZHOU 《农业科学学报》2018,17(5):1106-1119
Two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars, Kemian 1 (cool temperature-tolerant) and Sumian 15 (cool temperature-sensitive) were used to study the effects of cool temperature on carbohydrates, yield, and fiber quality in cotton bolls located at different fruiting positions (FP). Cool temperatures were created using late planting and low light. The experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011 using two planting dates (OPD, the optimized planting date, 25 April; LPD, the late planting date, 10 June) and two shading levels of crop relative light rate (CRLR, 100 and 60%). Compared with fruiting position 1 (FP1), cotton yield and yield components (fiber quality, leaf sucrose and starch content, and fiber cellulose) were all decreased on FP3 under all treatments. Compared with OPD-CRLR 100%, other treatments (OPD-CRLR 60%, LPD-CRLR 100%, and LPD-CRLR 60%) had significantly decreased lint yield at both FPs of both cultivars, but especially at FP3 and in Sumian 15; this decrease was mainly caused by a large decline in boll number. All fiber quality indices decreased under late planting and shading except fiber length at FP1 with OPD-CRLR 60%, and a greater reduction was observed at FP3 and in Sumian 15. Sucrose content of the subtending leaf and fiber increased under LPD compared to OPD, whereas it decreased under CRLR 60% compared to CRLR 100%, which led to decreased fiber cellulose content. Therefore, shading primarily decreased the “source” sucrose content in the subtending leaf whereas late planting diminished translocation of sucrose towards cotton fiber. Notably, as planting date was delayed and light was decreased, more carbohydrates were distributed to leaf and bolls at FP1 than those at FP3, resulting in higher yield and better fiber quality at FP1, and a higher proportion of bolls and carbohydrates allocated at FP3 of Kemian 1 compared to that of Sumian 15. In conclusion, cotton yield and fiber quality were reduced less at FP1 compared to those at FP3 under low temperature and low light conditions. Thus, reduced cotton yield and fiber quality loss can be minimized by selecting low temperature tolerant cultivars under both low temperature and light conditions. 相似文献
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Muhammad Rizwan Shafaqat Ali Muhammad Zia ur Rehman Muhammad Rizwan Javed Arooj Bashir 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(6):211
Cereal grains such as wheat, rice, and maize are widely consumed as a staple food worldwide. Lead (Pb) is one of the non-essential trace elements and its toxicity in crops especially cereals is a widespread problem. The present review highlighted Pb toxicity in cereal and management strategies to reduce its uptake in plants. Lead toxicity reduced the cereal growth, photosynthesis, nutritional value, yield, and grain quality. The response of cereals to excess varies with plant species, levels of Pb in soil, and growth conditions. Reducing Pb bioavailability in the soil is a viable approach due to its non-degradability either by microbes, chemicals, or other means. Cultivation of low Pb-accumulating cultivars may reduce the risk of Pb toxicity in plants and humans via the food chain. Use of plant growth regulators, microbes, organic, and inorganic amendments might be promising techniques for further decreasing Pb contents in shoot and grains. Soil amendments along with selecting low Pb-accumulating cultivars might be a feasible approach to get cereal grains with low Pb concentrations. Furthermore, most of the studies have been conducted under controlled conditions either in hydroponic or pots and less is known about the effects of Pb management approaches under ambient field conditions. 相似文献