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Traces of H4 phases in soils, sediments and mineral standards were determined by thermal analysis at successively higher temperature steps. Mercury was liberated at each step, concentrated on Au, then determined by flameless atomic absorption. Some Hq determinations were made by liberating the element by continuous heating at the rate of 20 and 100°C min?1. Soil samples were collected from the vicinity of a Hg mine, a Cu deposit and fault zones. Sediment samples were collected near a H9 roasting plant, a chlor-alkali plant and a Cu smelter. The results show that, for all the samples, most of the Hg is liberated during the 200°C temperature step. Some samples show thermal release characteristics similar to those of a. cinnabar-quartz mixture. Other samples show characteristics possibly related to sorbed elemental Hg. The results show that stepwise compared to continuous heating gives more resolution and thus may prove to be easier in estimating traces of Hg phases in soils and sediments. 相似文献
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Zahra Gorzin Ali Akbar Gorzin Alijan Tabarraei Naser Behnampour Shiva Irani Amir Ghaemi 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2014,18(1):1-7
Backgrounds: Most of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections elicit poor immune responses and 75% to 85% of cases become chronic; therefore, the development of an effective vaccine against HCV is of paramount importance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate co-administration of HCV non-Structural Protein 2 and IL-12 DNA vaccines in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: A plasmid encoding full-length HCV NS2 protein (non-structural protein 2) was generated and used to vaccinate mice. Negative control (an empty expression vector) was also employed to evaluate the background response. To investigate immune responses against vaccine, C57BL/6 mice received three doses of the vaccine with a two-week interval. Cellular immunity was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay for lymphocyte proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase release for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity and cytokine assay. Results: The findings demonstrated that immunization of mice with plasmid expressing HCV NS2 induced CTL response, interferon gamma production, and lymphocyte proliferation compared to negative control. The results also demonstrated that co-administration of IL-12 with the HCV NS2 plasmid induced significantly better immune response in C57BL/6 mice. Conclusion: DNA vaccine encoding HCV NS2 is an effective candidate that can trigger CTL-based immune response against HCV. In addition, the results suggested that combining the DNA vaccine approach with immune stimulatory cytokines may significantly enhance antigen-specific immune responses. Key Words: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), NS2 protein, DNA vaccine, IL-12 相似文献
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