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Rohny Setiawan Maail Kenji Umemura Hideo Aizawa Shuichi Kawai 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(4):302-307
This study examined the effects of supercritical CO2 treatment on the curing and degradation of cementbonded particleboard (CBP). Significant correlations were found between
the supercritical CO2 treatment and mechanical properties during both curing and degradation processes. Internal bond (IB) strength, modulus of
rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) values of CBP achieved their maximums by supercritical CO2 treatment in 30 min. These conditions indicated that supercritical CO2 treatment accelerates the curing process rapidly and enhances the mechanical properties of the CBP. However, these values
decreased in treatment from 60 min to 10 days and had a negative effect on board performance, indicating that supercritical
CO2 treatment over a longer time span leads to degradation of the CBP. Furthermore, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetry
(TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation clarified that the mechanisms of degradation are directly affected
by the mineralogical composition of the system, in par ticular, by the calcium carbonate content as caused by carbonation. 相似文献
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The Otago Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand offers tourists opportunities for unregulated access to breeding sites of the yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). The presence of people on beaches delays post-foraging landing by penguins, which in turn may affect the amount of food delivered by parents to their chicks, with consequences for chick growth and fledging mass. This study explored the relationship between human disturbance and yellow-eyed penguin chick fledging weight and survival by comparing five yellow-eyed penguin breeding areas with different levels of visitor frequency. We investigated whether chick fledging weights vary between breeding areas, and whether fledging weight is a predictor of juvenile survival. In 2002, chicks at Sandfly Bay, an area with high numbers of tourists, had significantly lower fledging weights than chicks at Highcliff, an area with no tourist visitors. An analysis of sightings of 2125 yellow-eyed penguin chicks banded between 1981 and 2000 indicated probability of survival was positively associated with mass at fledging. Thus lower fledging weights may have long-term population consequences. Fledging weight is influenced by many factors, however the results suggest the possibility of an effect of tourist numbers on chick fledging weight. This is noteworthy, especially in light of the rapid rate at which wildlife tourism is increasing in coastal areas of southern New Zealand. 相似文献
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The male sterility system in hybrid seed production can eliminate the cost of emasculation and ensure seed hybridity through
avoidance of self pollination. GMS and CMS are two types of male sterility system that currently employed in pepper breeding.
Conversion from GMS to CMS will increase the male sterility proportion of female parent from 50 to 100%. In this study, segregation
analysis of four male sterile mutants consisting of one CMS mutant (CA1) and three GMS mutants (GA1, GA3 and GA4) showed that
each had single recessive gene inheritance. A modified complementation test was performed by replacing male sterile mutants
with their maintainer line as male parent. The nuclear restorer gene for CMS was independent of all nuclear restorer genes
for GMS and all nuclear restorer genes for GMS were independent each other. Further observation on CMS and GMS male sterility
loci revealed that GA1 and GA3 had mutated in both nuclear restorer genes for CMS and GMS, while CA1 and GA4 each carried
mutation in single male sterility system of nuclear restorer gene for CMS and GMS, respectively. Conversion from GMS to CMS
in the case of lines carried mutations in both sterility systems required only S-type cytoplasm donor, while lines carried
mutation in single nuclear restorer gene for GMS required not only S-type cytoplasm but also rf allele donors. The important finding is the broader function of maintainer line in certain male sterility system that can
be used as a maintainer or restorer line for other male sterility systems. We also confirmed that line CC1 is the general
restorer for both CMS and GMS systems. 相似文献
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Hamad H. Issa Junichi Tanaka Rachmaniar Rachmat Andi Setiawan Agus Trianto Tatsuo Higa 《Marine drugs》2005,3(3):78-83
Two new tricyclic alkaloids, polycitorols A (1) and B (2) have been isolated along with the known lepadiformine (3) from a marine ascidian of the family Polycitoridae. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of NMR data and comparison with those of 3 and other related compounds [1–5]. Compounds 1 and 2 are closely related to cylindricines A and B, lacking C-4 oxygenation found in cylindricines and having a butyl instead of a hexyl appendage. NOE experiments on compounds 1 and 2 suggested the A/B ring fusion to be cis. 相似文献
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Jovin Hasjim Sun‐Ok Lee Suzanne Hendrich Stephen Setiawan Yongfeng Ai Jay‐lin Jane 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(4):257-262
Objectives of this study were to understand the physicochemical properties of a novel resistant starch (RS) made by complexing high‐amylose maize starch VII (HA7) with palmitic acid (PA), and its effects on reducing postprandial plasma‐glucose and insulin responses. The HA7 starch was heat‐treated and debranched using isoamylase (ISO) to enhance the starch‐lipid complex formation. The RS content of the HA7 starch debranched with ISO and complexed with PA (HA7+ISO+PA) was 52.7% determined using AOAC Method 991.43 for dietary fiber, which was greater than that of the HA7 control (35.4%). The increase in the RS content of the HA7+ISO+PA sample was attributed to the formation of retrograded debranched‐starch and starch‐lipid complex. The postprandial plasma‐glucose and insulin responses of 20 male human‐subjects after ingesting bread made from 60% (dry basis) HA7+ISO+PA were reduced to 55 and 43%, respectively, when compared with those after ingesting control white bread (as 100%) containing the same amount of total carbohydrates. The results suggested that the HA7+ISO+PA can be used for the interventions of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, including diabetes and obesity. 相似文献
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Sina Marsilio Shelley J. Newman James Scot Estep Paula R. Giaretta Jonathan A. Lidbury Emma Warry Andi Flory Paul S. Morley Katy Smoot Erin H. Seeley Matthew J. Powell Jan S. Suchodolski Jörg M. Steiner 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(2):669-677
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An initial step in catch and effort analysis is determination of what subset of the data is relevant to the analysis. We propose an objective approach to subsetting trip records of catch and effort data when fishing locations are unknown; the species composition taken on a fishing trip is used to infer if that trip's fishing effort occurred in a habitat where the species of interest (the target species) is likely to occur. We use a logistic regression of multispecies presence–absence information to predict the probability that the target species would be present. A critical value of probability that best predicts target species presence and absence in the data set forms an objective basis for subsetting the trip records. We test this approach by applying it to a data set where individual fishing locations are known, and we show that the method is an effective substitute for information on individual fishing locations. 相似文献
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Rahman AN Ohta M Nakatani K Hayashi N Fujita S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(14):3673-3678
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of cauliflower was purified to 282-fold with a recovery rate of 8.1%, using phloroglucinol as a substrate. The enzyme appeared as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The estimated molecular weight of the enzyme was 60 and 54 kDa by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, respectively. The purified enzyme, called phloroglucinol oxidase (PhO), oxidized phloroglucinol (K(m) = 3.3 mM) and phloroglucinolcarboxylic acid. The enzyme also had peroxidase (POD) activity. At the final step, the activity of purified cauliflower POD was 110-fold with a recovery rate of 3.2%. The PhO and POD showed the highest activity at pH 8.0 and 4.0 and were stable in the pH range of 3.0-11.0 and 5.0-8.0 at 5 °C for 20 h, respectively. The optimum temperature was 55 °C for PhO and 20 °C for POD. The most effective inhibitor for PhO was sodium diethyldithiocarbamate at 10 mM (IC(50) = 0.64 and K(i) = 0.15 mM), and the most effective inhibitor for POD was potassium cyanide at 1.0 mM (IC(50) = 0.03 and K(i) = 29 μM). 相似文献