Chemotherapy of T b brucei infection: Use of DFMO, diminazene aceturate, alone and in combination     

P. A. Onyeyili  S. M. Anika 《The Journal of small animal practice》1989,30(9):505-510

The therapeutic activity of diminazene aceturate, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and a combination of the two agents was investigated in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infections in mongrel dogs. The criteria used in the assessment of the trypanocidal effect of these compounds included the examination of the blood for the parasite, as well as clinical and haematological changes at intervals following treatment. Diminazene aceturate (7 mg/kg intramuscularly), DFMO (300 mg/kg/day orally in three divided doses for six days) and the combination of diminazene aceturate (7 mg/kg intramuscularly) and DFMO (300 mg/kg/day orally for six days) produced an intermittent aparasitemia in the dogs. Relapse infection occurred in all the three groups, but the period of aparasitemia produced by the combination of the agents was longest. The packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red cell count values decreased after the dogs were inoculated with the parasite. The values improved slightly following the treatments with the agents or their combination. The total white blood cell counts in the infected dogs indicated leucocytosis, but this improved with drug treatment.  相似文献   

Effect of restricted postweaning growth resulting from reduced floor and feeder-trough space on pig growth performance to slaughter weight in a wean-to-finish production system   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wolter BF  Ellis M  Corrigan BP  DeDecker JM  Curtis SE  Parr EN  Webel DM 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(4):836-842

The effect of reduced pig growth rate postweaning as a result of restricted floor space and feeder trough space on subsequent growth to slaughter was investigated in a wean-to-finish system. Crossbred pigs (n = 1,728) were used in a randomized block design with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: 1) floor space (high [0.630 m2/pig] vs. low floor space [0.315 m2/pig]), 2) feeder trough space (unrestricted [4 cm/pig] vs. restricted feeder trough space [2 cm/pig]), and 3) period of imposing floor- and feeder-trough-space treatments (12 vs. 14 wk postweaning). Growth performance was measured from weaning (5.5 +/- 0.01 kg of BW; 17 d of age) to slaughter (the end of wk 25 postweaning). From the end of the treatment period to the end of wk 25, pigs on all treatments had the same floor and feeder trough space. Pigs with low floor space had lower (P < 0.01) ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed ratio than those with high floor space, and were therefore lighter (P < 0.05) at the end of the postweaning treatment period. Pigs given the restricted feeder trough space had lower (P < 0.05) ADFI, similar (P > 0.05) ADG, and higher (P < 0.01) gain:feed ratio than those with unrestricted feeder trough space during the treatment period. Pigs in the 14-wk treatment period had higher (P < 0.01) ADG and ADFI, but lower gain:feed than those in the 12-wk treatment during that period. In the subsequent period, from the end of treatment to wk 25, there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between floor space and treatment period; the difference in ADG and gain:feed for pigs on low vs. high floor space was greater for the 14-wk than the 12-wk treatment period. However, low-floor-space pigs tended (P = 0.06) to be lighter than high-floor-space pigs at the end of wk 25 postweaning. Neither feeder trough space nor treatment period affected pig growth performance during the period from the end of treatment to wk 25. Carcass backfat and longissimus depths at the end of wk 25 were not influenced (P > 0.05) by treatment. In summary, pigs with restricted growth due to low floor space until either 12 or 14 wk postweaning had increased growth and feed efficiency in the subsequent period to wk 25 postweaning, with only a slight effect on BW and no effect on carcass measures.  相似文献   

Perch (Perca fluviatilis) as an indicator species for structural degradation in regulated rivers and canals in the lowlands of Germany     

C. Wolter  A. Vilcinskas 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1997,6(3):174-181

Abstract— Simple morphological characteristics and fish assemblage data were collected in representative numbers from 12 inland waterways in the northeastern lowlands of Germany between 1992 and 1995. Fish abundance data were pooled and classified into three main groups: perch Perca fluviatilis (L.), roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) and other species. Spearman rank correlations between fish abundance and type of embankment revealed that perch showed a statistically significant numerical dominance in waterways consisting predominately of an artificial shoreline, suggesting that perch may be used as an indicator of the structural degradation of watercourses.  相似文献   

Effects of the combination of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine and diminazene aceturate in Trypanosoma congolense infection of dogs     

P A Onyeyili  S M Anika 《Veterinary parasitology》1990,37(1):9-19

The therapeutic activity of a combination of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) with diminazene aceturate was investigated in mongrel dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense. The criteria used in the assessment of the trypanocidal effect of the therapy include the examination of the blood for parasites, as well as clinical and haematological changes at intervals following treatment. Diminazene aceturate and DFMO alone and in combination produced intermittent aparasitaemia in the dogs. Although relapse infection occurred with all three treatment regimes, the drug combination gave the best result. The packed red cell volume, haemoglobin concentrations and red blood cell values decreased significantly following parasite inoculation but increased after treatment. The total leucocyte counts decreased in all the infected dogs but improved with treatment, and the differential leucocyte counts indicated neutropenia in all the infected animals prior to treatment.  相似文献   

Status of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in artificial lake ecosystems with and without management for recreational fisheries: Implications for conservation     

Robert Nikolaus  Malwina Schafft  Andreas Maday  Thomas Klefoth  Christian Wolter  Robert Arlinghaus 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(1):153-172

1. Humanity is facing a biodiversity crisis, with freshwater-associated biodiversity in a particularly dire state. Novel ecosystems created through human use of mineral resources, such as gravel pit lakes, can provide substitute habitats for the conservation of freshwater and riparian biodiversity. Many of these artificial ecosystems are subject to a high intensity of recreational use, however, which may limit their biodiversity potential.
2. The species richness of several taxa (plants, amphibians, dragonflies, damselflies, waterfowl, and songbirds) was assessed and a range of taxonomic biodiversity metrics were compared between gravel pit lakes managed for recreational fisheries (n = 16) and unmanaged reference lakes (n = 10), controlling for non-fishing-related environmental variation.
3. The average species richness of all the taxa examined was similar among lakes in both lake types and no substantial differences in species composition were found when examining the pooled species inventory. Similarly, there were no differences between lake types in the presence of rare species and in the Simpson diversity index across all of the taxa assessed.
4. Variation in species richness among lakes was correlated with woody habitat, lake morphology (surface area and steepness), and land use, but was not correlated with the presence of recreational fisheries. Thus, non-fishing-related environmental variables had stronger effects on local species presence than recreational fisheries management or the presence of recreational anglers.
5. Collectively, no evidence was found that anglers and recreational fisheries management constrain the development of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in gravel pit lakes in the study region; however, the conservation of species diversity in gravel pit lakes could benefit from an increasing reliance on habitat enhancement activities.

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Charge transfer equilibria between diamond and an aqueous oxygen electrochemical redox couple     

Chakrapani V  Angus JC  Anderson AB  Wolter SD  Stoner BR  Sumanasekera GU 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5855):1424-1430

Undoped, high-quality diamond is, under almost all circumstances, one of the best insulators known. However, diamond covered with chemically bound hydrogen shows a pronounced conductivity when exposed to air. This conductivity arises from positive-charge carriers (holes) and is confined to a narrow near-surface region. Although several explanations have been proposed, none has received wide acceptance, and the mechanism remains controversial. Here, we report the interactions of hydrogen-terminated, macroscopic diamonds and diamond powders with aqueous solutions of controlled pH and oxygen concentration. We show that electrons transfer between the diamond and an electrochemical reduction/oxidation couple involving oxygen. This charge transfer is responsible for the surface conductivity and also influences contact angles and zeta potentials. The effect is not confined to diamond and may play a previously unrecognized role in other disparate systems.  相似文献   

Treatment of experimental trypanosomiasis in pigs.     

G I Jibike  S M Anika 《The British veterinary journal》1991,147(6):556-564

The therapeutic activity of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), diminazene aceturate (Berenil) and their combination against chronic trypanosomiasis was investigated in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infections of growing pigs. DFMO (300 mg/kg/day orally for 10 days), diminazene aceturate (7 mg/kg in single intramuscular injection) and a combination of the two agents at the above dosages produced varied periods of aparasitaemia in the treated pigs. Relapse parasitaemia occurred in all treatment groups, with diminazene aceturate providing the longest relief period of 17 days, combination treatment 11 days and DFMO 6 days. The packed cell volume, blood haemoglobin concentration and red cell count values decreased after the pigs were infected with the parasites. The values improved following treatment with the agents and their combination.  相似文献   

Chemotherapy and pharmacokinetics of some antimicrobial agents in healthy dwarf goats and those infected with Ehrlichia phagocytophila (tick-borne fever)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S M Anika  J F Nouws  H van Gogh  J Nieuwenhuijs  T B Vree  A S van Miert 《Research in veterinary science》1986,41(3):386-390

The therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline (10 mg kg-1), ampicillin (20 mg kg-1) and a combination (TSS) of trimethoprim (20 mg kg-1), sulphadimidine (50 mg kg-1) and sulphamethylphenazole (50 mg kg-1) were investigated in normal dwarf goats and in those infected with Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Goats given oxytetracycline or TSS intravenously showed improvement, whereas ampicillin was ineffective. The infected goats had significantly prolonged elimination half-life values for sulphadimidine and oxytetracycline. The disposition kinetics of ampicillin and sulphamethylphenazole showed no marked differences between the healthy and infected animals. The tick-borne fever model used in the present study can be of value in testing the therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents in rickettsial infections.  相似文献   

Dissemination, importance, and control of echinuriosis in the Northern Districts of German Democratic Republic     

G Gr?fner  G G Zimmermann  H D Graubmann  R Wolter 《Monatshefte für Veterin?rmedizin》1967,22(10):427-431

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From science to application: field demonstrations to enhance sustainable rice production in the north of Vietnam—lessons from the LEGATO project     

Van Sinh Nguyen  Hung Manh Nguyen  Anika Klotzbücher  Doris Vetterlein  Thimo Klotzbücher  Reinhold Jahn  Janina Schneiker  Manfred Türke  Oliver Fried  Erwin Bergmeier  Cornelia Sattler  Josef Settele 《Paddy and Water Environment》2018,16(2):353-358

Two major human-made problems in rice production systems in the north of Vietnam concern the low plant-available silicon content of soils and the low biodiversity. The results of the LEGATO project suggest a change to an environmentally friendly rice production system that will help to recover biodiversity. We propose here a framework for a demonstration and dissemination model that will be exemplary for the farmers once it has been successfully realized. We advocate local-option models in different districts to demonstrate to farmers. The methods should be adapted to local and ecoregional differences in climate and land-use tradition, and they explicitly take into account soil care, organic fertilizer, manual weeding, native nectar-rich plant bunds, manual pest snail collection, hymenopteran nesting aids, and biodiversity and yield monitoring.  相似文献