Correction to: Predation on glass eels of Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis> in the Tone River Estuary,Japan     

Yoichi Miyake  Aigo Takeshige  Hikaru Itakura  Hajime Itoh  Hiroaki Onda  Akira Yamaguchi  Akihito Yoneta  Kohma Arai  Yulina V. Hane  Shingo Kimura 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(6):1015-1016

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Perspectives on validation in digital soil mapping of continuous attributes—A review     

Kristin Piikki  Johanna Wetterlind  Mats Sderstrm  Bo Stenberg 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):7-21

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Alessandro Bonanno and Lawrence Busch (eds): Handbook of the international political economy of agriculture and food     

Marie Louise Ryan 《Agriculture and Human Values》2018,35(3):731-732

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Long-term study of aerobic bacteria of the genital tract in stud dogs.     

L Bjurstr?m  C Linde-Forsberg 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(5):670-673

The aerobic bacterial flora of the genital tract was characterized in 15 stud dogs in an 18-month study. The dogs represented 4 breeds and were from 3 kennels. Bacterial samples from the prepuce and semen were collected every month, except in connection with matings, when they were collected weekly (464 samples). The dogs that were included all mated at least once during the study. The mean pregnancy rate, litter size, and pup mortality for the bitches with which they had mated were all within normal limits. The most frequent bacteria isolated from the prepuce and semen were Pasteurella multocida, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and Escherichia coli. There was a tendency for breeds to differ in frequency of the most common bacterial species. Bacterial culture yielded no aerobic growth in 14.2% of the preputial samples and 69.8% of the semen samples. Bacteria were transferred between dog and bitch at mating. In this study of healthy breeding dogs, neither the fertility of the dog nor that of the bitch was affected by the bacteria transferred.  相似文献   

TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION AND PARENTAL IMPRINTING OF lGF2 DURING HUMAN EMBRYONIC DEVELOMENT     

T. J. Ekström  F. Hedborg  R. Ohlsson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1993,28(3):182-185

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Endocrine effects of heat stress in boars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. Larsson  S. Einarsson  K. Lundstrm  J. Hakkarainen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1983,24(3):305-314

The purpose of this study was to describe the temporal changes in peripheral plasma levels of testosterone and Cortisol in boars during and after heat stress. A total of 8 boars were utilized, 4 of them were exposed to 35°C, for 100 h in a climatic room, and 4 served as controls and were kept at 20 °C for 100 h in the climatic room.Blood samples were obtained via permanent vein catheters 3 times daily from 5 days before heat stress until 20 days after termination of heat stress. Testestorone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay and Cortisol by a competitive protein binding technique.For both hormones the pre-exposure levels were similar in both groups of boars. The control boars had significantly higher testosterone levels, while being in the climatic room, than during any other period. The experimental boars had slightly increased testosterone levels during the first day of heat stress and thereafter continuously decreased levels. In the control boars the testosterone levels returned to pre-exposure levels immediately after removal from the climatic room, whereas in the experimental boars the testosterone levels were dramatically increased during the first 5 days after exposure. The differences in Cortisol levels, between the 2 groups of boars were restricted to the period spent in the climatic room. During this period the experimental boars had significantly higher Cortisol levels.Key words: boars, heat stress, testosterone, cortisol  相似文献   

‘Plantibodies’: a flexible approach to design resistance against pathogens     

A. Schots  J. De Boer  A. Schouten  J. Roosien  J. F. Zil Verentant  H. Pomp  L. Bouwman-Smits  H. Overmars  F. J. Gommers  B. Visser  W. J. Stiekema  J. Bakker 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):183-191

Engineering resistance against various diseases and pests is hampered by the lack of suitable genes. To overcome this problem we started a research program aimed at obtaining resistance by transfecting plants with genes encoding monoclonal antibodies against pathogen specific proteins. The idea is that monoclonal antibodies will inhibit the biological activity of molecules that are essential for the pathogenesis. Potato cyst nematodes are chosen as a model and it is thought that monoclonal antibodies are able to block the function of the saliva proteins of this parasite. These proteins are, among others, responsible for the induction of multinucleate transfer cells upon which the nematode feeds. It is well documented that the ability of antibodies to bind molecules is sufficient to inactivate the function of an antigen and in view of the potential of animals to synthesize antibodies to almost any molecular structure, this strategy should be feasible for a wide range of diseases and pests.Antibodies have several desirable features with regard to protein engineering. The antibody (IgG) is a Y-shaped molecule, in which the domains forming the tips of the arms bind to antigen and those forming the stem are responsible for triggering effector functions (Fc fragments) that eliminate the antigen from the animal. Domains carrying the antigen-binding loops (Fv and Fab fragments) can be used separately from the Fc fragments without loss of affinity. The antigen-binding domains can also be endowed with new properties by fusing them to toxins or enzymes. Antibody engineering is also facilitated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A systematic comparison of the nucleotide sequence of more than 100 antibodies revealed that not only the 3′-ends, but also the 5′-ends of the antibody genes are relatively conserved. We were able to design a small set of primers with restriction sites for forced cloning, which allowed the amplification of genes encoding antibodies specific for the saliva proteins ofGlobodera rostochiensis. Complete heavy and light chain genes as well as single chain Fv fragments (scFv), in which the variable parts of the light (V_L) and heavy chain (V_H) are linked by a peptide, will be transferred to potato plants. A major challenge will be to establish a correct expression of the antibody genes with regard to three dimensional folding, assembly and intracellular location.  相似文献   

Biological features and life table parameters of the mealy plum aphidHyalopterus pruni on different apricot cultivars     

M. S. Özgökçe  R. Atlıhan 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(1):7-14

Development, survival, reproduction rate, and population growth parameters of the mealy plum aphidHyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) (Hom.: Aphididae) were evaluated on four different apricot cultivars (Tyrinte, Sakıt, Colomer, and Bebeco) under field conditions in the Van region of Turkey. Experiments were carried out on exterior leaves of trees, 1.5–2 m above the ground. Plexiglas clip-cells (25×6 mm) with the upper side covered by muslin were used in the experiments. The mealy plum aphid performed better on Tyrinte than on the other cultivars tested. The fastest development time (first instar to adult; 9.4 days), highest daily reproduction rate (2.6 offspring/aphid/day), and highest total fecundity (48.1 offspring/aphid) were obtained on Tyrinte. The intrinsic rate of increase — a good indicator of the growth potential of a population — of individuals fed on Tyrinte was significantly greater than that of individuals fed on cvs. Colomer and Bebeco. While mean generation times (T _o ) of populations on different cultivars were close to each other, the net reproductive rate was the highest (29.45 offspring/aphid/generation) on Tyrinte and the population doubling time on Tyrinte was 18.7%, 25.2% and 26.3% faster than those of individuals on other cultivars tested. The results obtained in this study indicated that Tyrinte appeared to be the most susceptible to the mealy plum aphid among the cultivars tested. http://www.phytoparasitica.org. posting Nov. 23, 2004.  相似文献   

Growth loss of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani) stands as related to periodic outbreaks of the cedar shoot moth (Dichelia cedricola)     

Serdar Carus  Mustafa Avcı 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(1):33-48

An outbreak ofDichelia cedricola (Diakonoff) (Lep.: Tortricidae), the cedar shoot moth (CSM), began in spring 1998 and lasted 3 years. This was the first monitored outbreak of the CSM in Isparta, Turkey. Tree crowns recovered to near normal condition by the middle of each growing season (in early June) during the outbreak. Tree volume and volume element increments were examined throughout the outbreak cycle from 1954 to 2001. In the past, CSM activity in stands of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) was assessed through radial increment analyses. Cedar tree ring chronologies were analyzed for evidence of the CSM. Tree-ring chronologies from nonhost cedar (nondefoliated sample trees) were used to estimate potential growth in the host cedar (defoliated sample trees) during current and past outbreaks; all trees selected were the same subspecies and varieties. Regional outbreaks of the CSM were identified by synchronous and sustained growth periods of the trees. In 2001, increment cores were collected from 17 host and 16 nonhost dominant or codominant trees and annual radial growth indices from 1954–2001 were calculated for each of two host and two nonhost sample plots. Growth functions were defined as the cumulative sum of radial, height, and volume increment, and were graphically compared between CSM host cedar and nonhost cedar trees. Tree ring evidence suggests that a large-scale outbreak occurred in 1955 (from 1955 to 1966) and a small outbreak occurred in 1985 (1985–1990) and in 1998 (1998-continued) in the study area. The average diameter growth reductions around 1955, 1985 and 1998 were 40%, 46% and 7% of potential, respectively. It was concluded that a narrow latewood band is significant indicator of defoliation by the CSM and the outbreaks appear to be associated with dry winter and spring weather prior to the autumn and winter in which wood feeding occurred. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 24, 2004.  相似文献   

Characteristics for Practical Use of Attenuated Isolate UA-Fukushima of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato mosaic virus</Emphasis>     

Tsutomu MATSUMOTO  Yuichiro NARA  Hiromitsu FURUYA  Harumi TAKAHASHI  Kiichi TAIRAKO  Hideki YAMAMOTO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):382-384

L₁₁A-Fukushima (L₁₁A-F) derived from attenuated isolate LuA of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) has the highest ability to cross protect against virulent ToMV among LuA and its derivatives and is stably inherited. Growth, yield, fruit quality and symptom attenuation of inoculated tomato plants did not differ significantly between L₁₁A-F and L₁₁A. The infectivity of progeny viruses in tomato infected with LuA-F was less than 4% of that with virulent ToMV. From these results, L₁₁A-F appears to possess the properties necessary for practical use. To manage L₁₁A-F strictly, a PCR-based assay to detect trace contamination of virulent ToMV in L₁₁A-F preparations was established. Received 10 June 2002/ Accepted in revised form 30 October 2002  相似文献