Patterns and impacts of fish bycatch in a scallop dredge fishery     

Helen R. Craven  Andrew R. Brand  Bryce D. Stewart 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2013,23(1):152-170

Flavonoid constituents of Chorizanthe diffusa with potential cancer chemopreventive activity   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Chung HS  Chang LC  Lee SK  Shamon LA  van Breemen RB  Mehta RG  Farnsworth NR  Pezzuto JM  Kinghorn AD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(1):36-41

An ethyl acetate-soluble extract of Chorizanthe diffusa was found to exhibit significant antioxidant activity, as judged by scavenging stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced free radical formation with cultured HL-60 cells. Bioassay-directed fractionation of this extract using the DPPH antioxidant assay as a monitor led to the isolation of five structurally related flavonoids (1-5), including the novel compound 5,8,3',4',5'-pentahydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyflavone (1). Isolates 1-5 demonstrated varying degrees of antioxidant or antimutagenic activity. Two of the compounds, 5,7,3', 4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone (2) and quercetin (4), were subsequently found to inhibit carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions in a mouse mammary organ culture model. Inhibitory activity of this type is known to correlate with cancer chemopreventive effects in full-term models of tumorigenesis.  相似文献   

Effect of germination temperatures on proteolysis of the gluten-free grains sorghum and millet during malting and mashing     

Chiba Y  Bryce JH  Goodfellow V  MacKinlay J  Agu RC  Brosnan JM  Bringhurst TA  Harrison B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(14):3745-3753

Our study showed that sorghum and millet followed a similar pattern of changes when they were malted under similar conditions. When the malt from these cereals was mashed, both cereal types produced wide spectra of substrates (sugars and amino acids) that are required for yeast fermentation when malted at either lower or higher temperatures. At the germination temperatures of 20, 25, and 30 °C used in malting both cereal types, production of reducing sugars and that of free amino nitrogen (FAN) were similar. This is an important quality attribute for both cereals because it implies that variation in temperature during the malting of sorghum and millet, especially when malting temperature is difficult to control, and also reflecting temperature variations, experienced in different countries, will not have an adverse effect on the production and release of amino acids and sugars required by yeast during fermentation. Such consistency in the availability of yeast food (substrates) for metabolism during fermentation when sorghum and millet are malted at various temperatures is likely to reduce processing issues when their malts are used for brewing. Although sorghum has gained wide application in the brewing industry, and has been used extensively in brewing gluten-free beer on industrial scale, this is not the case with millet. The work described here provides novel information regarding the potential of millet for brewing. When both cereals were malted, the results obtained for millet in this study followed patterns similar to those of sorghum. This suggests that millet, in terms of sugars and amino acids, can play a role similar to that of sorghum in the brewing industry. This further suggests that millet, like sorghum, would be a good raw material for brewing gluten-free beer. Inclusion of millet as a brewing raw material will increase the availability of suitable materials (raw material sustainability) for use in the production of gluten-free beer, beverages, and other products. The availability of wider range of raw materials will not only help to reduce costs of beer production, but by extension, the benefit of reduced cost of production can be gained by consumers of gluten-free beer as the product would be cheaper and more widely available.  相似文献   

Prevalence of odontoclastic resorptive lesions in a population of clinically healthy cats     

Ingham KE  Gorrel C  Blackburn J  Farnsworth W 《The Journal of small animal practice》2001,42(9):439-443

The prevalence of odontoclastic resorptive lesions (ORLs) was determined in a clinically healthy cat population (228 cats) using both clinical (oral examination) and radiographic (full-mouth series with intraorally positioned dental film) methods. The overall prevalence rate was 29 per cent (mean age of the cat population 4.9 years). The mandibular third premolars (307, 407) were the most commonly affected tooth and the pattern of ORL development was symmetrical in most cats. The risk of having ORLs was found to increase with increasing age and cats with clinically and radiographically missing teeth were more likely to have the condition. Neutering, gender, age at neutering or mean whole mouth gingivitis index did not affect the prevalence of ORLs.  相似文献   

Taenia saginata derived synthetic peptides with potential for the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis     

Ferrer E  Benitez L  Foster-Cuevas M  Bryce D  Wamae LW  Onyango-Abuje JA  Garate T  Harrison LJ  Parkhouse RM 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,111(1):83-94

Immunity in Taeniids is predominantly antibody mediated and thus many serological immuno-determinants will have potential in both protection and diagnosis. The antigenicity of six peptides derived from four potentially protective molecules cloned from a Taenia saginata oncospheres cDNA library have been evaluated as targets for the specific diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis. The six peptides consist of: two peptides (HP6-2 and HP6-3) derived from the sequence of the 18 kDa surface/secreted oncospheral adhesion antigen identified by McAb-HP6, two peptides (Ts45W-1 and Ts45W-5) derived from the sequence of the T. saginata homologue of the T. ovis 45W protective gene family, one peptide (TS45S-10) derived from a T. saginata sequence with significant similarity to the T. ovis 45S protective antigen, and one peptide (TEG-1) derived from the sequence of the T. saginata homologue of Echinococcus spp. main surface protein. Longitudinal studies indicate that T. saginata infected cattle respond to all six peptides by 3-4 weeks post-infection and that the antibody levels remain high for at least 12 weeks post-infection. As protection against Taeniid parasites is predominantly antibody mediated, some of these six peptides may be of value as immuno-prophylactic tools and hence also in assays to determine resistance to infection with the parasite. For diagnosis, on the other hand, only three peptides (HP6-2, TEG-1 and Ts45S-10) performed with the necessary sensitivity and specificity to determine exposure to infection with T. saginata, and now merit an exhaustive evaluation prior to employment as routine diagnostic tools.  相似文献   

An unusual morphologic form of hepatic amyloidosis in a goat     

G A Farnsworth  S Miller 《Veterinary pathology》1985,22(2):184-186

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Sedimentation associated with forest road surfacing in a bottomland hardwood ecosystem     

Bob Rummer  Bryce Stokes  Graeme Lockaby 《Forest Ecology and Management》1997,90(2-3):195-200

Access systems are a necessary element of resource production in bottomland hardwood sites. However, road building may have a detrimental effect on hydrologic function of the site. This report describes initial results of a study designed to examine the effect of different road surfacing treatments on water quality.

Four surfacing treatments installed on two test roads included native soil, native soil with vegetative stabilization, 6 cm of gravel, and 15 cm of gravel over geotextile. During the first flooding season periodic sampling measured floodwater suspended sediments and location of erosion and sediment deposition within the road prism. Initial results suggest that sediment movement was confined to the road right-of-way, with no statistically significant sedimentation effects detected beyond the clearing limits of the road. The study is continuing for another field season.  相似文献   

Water content measurement in black spruce and aspen sapwood with benchtop and portable magnetic resonance devices     

Clevan Lamason  Bryce Macmillan  Brigitte Leblon  Zarin Pirouz 《Wood material science & engineering》2015,10(1):86-93

Abstract

In this study, water content in black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) sapwood samples was investigated with time-domain magnetic resonance (MR). Time-domain MR measurements easily distinguish water in different environments in wood according to the spin-spin relaxation time and provide quantitative information on water content. The MR techniques employed can distinguish and quantify the individual signal components. Both black spruce and aspen have two signal components at moisture contents above the fiber saturation point. These two signal components correspond to motionally restricted water, often referred to as bound water, and unrestricted, or free water. Bound water content is constant above 40% moisture content. No signal from free water was detected at or below 20% moisture content in either species. We also demonstrate the use of a recently developed portable unilateral magnet that can be employed as a powerful tool in the study and measurement of water content in wood.  相似文献   

Feature Review Series on Improved control of nematode infections in sheep — can science help?     

Bryce M Buddle 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6)

This issue of the New Zealand Veterinary Journal contains the first Feature Review Series in what is intended to be an on-going initiative to be published in each volume of the journal. This series comprises five state-of-the-art reviews on related topics specifically chosen to elaborate an area of veterinary science of both national and international importance. The theme of the first series in this initiative is The Control of Nematodes in Sheep.  相似文献   

Too big to swallow     

Farnsworth PJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1884,4(76):53

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