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Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, and anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite compound generally produced under stress conditions; both have benefits to human health. Rice is a staple food crop for most of the world’s population, and purple rice is well known as a natural source of Zn and anthocyanins, but their stability depends upon many factors. This review focuses on the opportunity to increase Zn and anthocyanin compounds in purple rice grains via Zn and nitrogen (N) management during cultivation. Variation in grain Zn concentration and anthocyanin compounds is found among purple rice varieties, thus presenting a challenge for breeding programs aiming at high grain Zn and anthocyanin contents. Genetic engineering has successfully achieved a high-efficiency vector system comprising two regulatory genes and six structural anthocyanin-related genes driven by endosperm-specific promoters to engineer purple endosperm rice that can provide new high-anthocyanin varieties. Grain Zn and anthocyanin concentrations in rice can also be affected by environmental factors during cultivation, e.g., light, temperature, soil salinity and nutrient (fertilizer) management. Applying N and Zn fertilizer is found to influence the physiological mechanisms of Zn absorption, uptake, transport and remobilization to promote grain Zn accumulation in rice, while N application can improve anthocyanin synthesis by promoting its biosynthesis pathway via the use of phenylalanine as a precursor. In summary, there is an opportunity to improve both grain Zn and anthocyanin in purple rice by appropriate management of Zn and N fertilizers during cultivation for specific varieties. 相似文献
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Saicum Pintasen Chanakan Prom-u-thai Sansanee Jamjod Narit Yimyam Benjavan Rerkasem 《Euphytica》2007,157(1-2):27-34
Crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata Cda. f. sp. avenae Eriks., is a major fungal disease of cultivated oats (Avena sativa L.) in Tunisia. Six landrace oats (MtK2, JT5, BJ35, GT1, ZN3 and JT0) locally collected and previously screened for their relative oat crown rust resistance were used in this experiment. These
accessions were evaluated during a two cropping season in field plots under heavy natural oat crown rust infection. Assessment
criteria to crown rust reactions were AUDPC, latent period, uredinia size and number of uredinia per cm2 of infected leaf area. Principal components analysis showed that the variables were grouped in two components. These two
principal components explained 83.56% of the total variance. The projection of the point-cloud representing the populations
on the plan formed by the principal components ‘Fact 1’ (63.83%), in abscissa, and ‘Fact 2’ (19.73%) in ordinate, permitted
to distribute the accessions in several groups. Three landrace oats (MtK2, JT5, and JT0) showed the lowest value of all the components used. These landrace oats might be good sources of effective and durable resistance
to crown rust. 相似文献
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Purple rice is a source of bioactive antioxidants for rice consumers. Loss of the major antioxidant compounds after a range of cooking processes was evaluated by measuring the changes in anthocyanin concentration (ATC) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH activity) of four non-glutinous and four glutinous genotypes. However, soaking in water prior to cooking generally decreased more ATC and antioxidant capacity in non-glutinous than in glutinous genotypes. Wet cooking (WC) and soaking before wet cooking (S-WC) led to lose almost all the ATC and antioxidant capacity with only slight variation between genotypes. In the glutinous genotype Pieisu, which had the highest raw rice ATC, ATC remained the highest when cooked by the WC method. By contrast, almost no ATC remained after WC and S-WC in the low ATC genotypes such as Kum Doi Saket. Overall, the loss of ATC was greater in non-glutinous than in glutinous genotypes for both WC and S-WC methods, but the reverse occurred for antioxidant capacity. WC using electric rice cooker retained higher ATC than the pressure cooking. Thus, for genotypes with high ATC and antioxidant capacity, the selection of cooking method is critical for retaining and stabilizing rice quality. 相似文献
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Jiratchaya Wisetkomolmat Chaiwat Arjin Surat Hongsibsong Warintorn Ruksiriwanich Chutamat Niwat Pimsiri Tiyayon Sansanee Jamjod Supapohn Yamuangmorn Chanakan Prom-U-Thai Korawan Sringarm 《水稻科学》2023,30(2):148-159
Rice production generates a significant amount of agricultural waste. This study aimed to give results related to the existence of antioxidant phenols in agricultural waste of selected Northern Thai rice varieties. The antioxidant activities, contents of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the ethanolic rice husk extract were evaluated. The highest antioxidant activities were found in the variety PES1CMU, with 2,2?-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl as 679.66 and 4.16 mmol/(L·g) trolox equivalent, respectively, ferric reducing antioxidant power as 0.87 mmol/(L·g) Fe2+, total phenolic content as 29.90 mmol/(L·g) gallic acid and total flavonoid content as 12.16 mg/g catechin equivalent. Polyphenol compounds were identified mainly by standard polyphenols using the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, with the highest contents of phytic acid, o-coumaric acid, naringin and kaempferol. The non-glutenous and wetland ecotypes of rice husk samples were the richest in antioxidant activities and polyphenol contents characterized by using principal component analysis. The glutenous rice husk contained higher antioxidant activities than the rest. Interestingly, quercetin is a significant phenolic compound that positively correlated with the overall antioxidant activities of rice husk. This finding will be relevant for future application of rice husk antioxidant components in the production of functional ingredients as well as for the food and pharmaceutical industries. 相似文献
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The present study evaluated effects of seed zinc (Zn) priming at concentrations from 0 to 25 mM ZnSO4 on seedling vigor and viability in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Zinc priming substantially increased Zn concentration in the husk, but not in brown rice. The movement of primed Zn from the husk into the inner layers of rice seed during germination was suggested by Zn concentration declining in the husk coinciding with the increase in brown rice over time (r = –0.62; p < 1%), which did not happen in unprimed seed. Zinc priming significantly enhanced seedling growth and development up to 5 mM. Germination rate, root number, and dry weight were much higher than in unprimed seed, but higher Zn concentrations (10 and 25 mM) depressed seedling vigor. Priming rice seed with 2.5 mM Zn also improved the germination rate of rice in a Zn‐deficient soil, with or without soil Zn application. The results confirm that priming rice seed with Zn can improve germination and seedling vigor and for the first time show how Zn requirement of germinating rice seed and seedlings can be met by the prime Zn accumulated in the husk. 相似文献
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Vua Xiongsiyee Benjavan Rerkasem Jeeraporn Veeradittakit Chorpet Saenchai Sittichai Lordkaew Chanakan Thebault Prom-u-thai 《水稻科学》2018,25(2):94-102
Luang Prabang Province is located within the area recognized as the center of rice(Oryza sativa L.) diversity in Lao PDR. This study reported on grain quality characteristics of 60 upland rice seed samples sharing 49 variety names collected from 6 villages in Luang Prabang in 2015. Most of the samples has non-pigmented pericarp, while red pericarp was found in four samples and purple in five samples. Almost all of the samples were of large grain type, with glutinous endosperm in 70% and non-glutinous endosperm in 30%. The brown(unpolished) rice was found with a wide range of grain nutritional quality, including protein(9.2% ± 0.9%), Fe(15.9 ± 6.9 mg/kg), Zn(19.6 ± 2.1 mg/kg), anthocyanin(0.774 ± 0.880 mg/g), and anti-oxidative capacity(2.071 ± 1.373 mg/g). The varieties sharing similar names had similar morphological characteristics but varied in nutritional concentration, with required confirmation in genetic variation analysis. This study found that some rice varieties with high grain quality may benefit the farmers directly or could be used in varietal improvement programs. 相似文献
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Pennapa Jaksomsak Preeyaporn Sangruan Gordon Thomson Benjavan Rerkasem Bernard Dell Chanakan Prom‐u‐thai 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(2):124-129
This study examined the distribution of zinc in dorsal and ventral grain sections of rice varieties with low (RD21), moderate (CNT1 and KDML105), and high (KPK and NR) zinc concentrations. Samples of unhusked rice grain were partitioned longitudinally and analyzed for zinc. The concentration of zinc was higher in the dorsal grain section than the ventral section, but to a different extent in different varieties. In unpolished rice, the zinc concentration in the dorsal section exceeded that in the ventral section by 14% in CNT1 to 63% in RD21. The higher zinc concentration in the dorsal section of unpolished rice might be explained by storage in the multiple cell layered aleurone and thicker pericarp. The higher concentration of dorsal zinc, however, was maintained after polishing, irrespective of the removal of grain surface by polishing that varied with variety and polishing time from 11 to 207 μm in depth. Zinc concentration of polished rice, ranging from 14 to 28 mg of zinc/kg, was strongly predicted by the zinc in unpolished rice (P < 0.01). This uneven distribution of zinc in the dorsal and ventral sections of rice grain suggests a specific pattern by which zinc is laid down. Whether the region of endosperm and aleurone proximal to the dorsal vascular bundle may have a greater concentration of zinc transporters and zinc storage structures than in more distal areas is yet to be investigated. Understanding this distribution may aid efforts in zinc biofortification and evaluation of rice varieties for other nutritive characteristics. 相似文献
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