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Paddy and Water Environment - Most of the lands of the southern coastal zone of Bangladesh are protected from tidal flooding and storm surges by embankments constructed during the 1960s and 1970s,...  相似文献   
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Contrast radiography of the alimentary canal was conducted in six adult sheep with barium sulfate (70% W/V, 25–30 ml/kg). A period of 12 hours was adequate for opacification of most parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The presence of contrast medium in different parts of the alimentary canal was noted for as long as 60 hours. The right lateral view was adequate for visualization of most structures, but the typical laminar mucosal pattern of the omasum and the spiral mucosal folds of the abomasum were demonstrated better on the ventrodorsal view.  相似文献   
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OBJECTIVE: To correlate substance P content of synovial fluid with prostaglandin E2 content, radiographic evidence of joint abnormality, and anatomic location of the joint for normal and osteoarthritic joints of horses. SAMPLE POPULATION: Synovial fluid from 46 normal joints in 21 horses and 16 osteoarthritic joints in 10 horses. PROCEDURE: Normal and osteoarthritic joints were identified by clinical and radiographic examination, by response to nerve blocks, during scintigraphy or surgery, or by clinicopathologic evaluation. Substance P and prostaglandin E2 contents of synovial fluid were determined by radioimmunoassay. Radio-graphs of joints were assigned a numeric score reflecting severity of lesions. Joints were assigned a numeric score reflecting anatomic location. RESULTS: Median concentrations of substance P and prostaglandin E2 were significantly increased in osteoarthritic joints, compared with normal joints. A significant correlation was found between concentrations of substance P and prostaglandin E2 in synovial fluid, but a correlation was not detected between substance P concentration in synovial fluid and anatomic location of the joint or between radiographic scores of osteoarthritic joints and concentrations of substance P or prostaglandin E2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A correlation existed between concentrations of substance P and prostaglandin E2 in synovial fluid obtained from normal and osteoarthritic joints. However, content of substance P in synovial fluid cannot be predicted by the radiographic appearance of the joint or its anatomic location. Substance P and prostaglandin E2 may share an important and related role in the etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis, lending credence to the importance of neurogenic inflammation in horses.  相似文献   
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Contrast cystography was performed by four different methods in 24 normal adult goats. Methods included pneumocystography, positive-contrast cystography, and double-and triple-contrast cystography. Sodium iothalamate and air were used as positive- and negative-contrast media. Amputation of urethral process in male goats was necessary for retrograde catheterization and complete evacuation of the bladder. Placement of the catheter tip beyond the neck of the bladder was not possible in male goats. Positive- and negative-contrast cystography were satisfactory for demonstration of the shape, size, and location of the bladder, while double- and triple-contrast cystography were better for visualization of bladder wall. Double-contrast cystography with pneu-moperitoneum was superior to double-contrast cystography alone for evaluation of the mucosal surface of the bladder. Complications were not encountered during or after cystography. Vesi-coureteral reflux was seen in 29% of the goats.  相似文献   
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The technique of venography is described for visualizing the orbital veins and the cavernous sinuses following cannulation of the angularis oculi vein and the subsequent injection of 10 ml sodium iothalamate. The venograms clearly demonstrated the veins of the orbit and cavernous sinuses in most of the animals. Two intercavernous sinuses, rostral and caudal, were visualized. In a few goats, transverse and dorsal longitudinal sinuses of the dorsal system of the dural sinuses were also visualized.  相似文献   
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