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Heredity of phenylpropenes in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) chemotypes and their distribution within an F2 population 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nativ Dudai Guopeng Li Alona Shachter Faith Belanger David Chaimovitsh 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(3):443-449
Phenylpropenes play an important role in plant defense against animals and microorganisms, and in attracting pollinators and insects. We report the genetic inheritance of methyl chavicol and eugenol following a cross between the sweet basil varieties ‘Perrie’ and ‘Cardinal,’ eugenol and methyl chavicol chemotypes, respectively. Methyl chavicol was detected only in ‘Cardinal,’ accounting for more than 95% of the total phenylpropenes. Eugenol was most abundant in ‘Perrie,’ accounting for more than 99% of the total phenylpropenes. Eugenol, chavicol and methyl chavicol were detected in F1 hybrids at intermediate levels (10%–52%) without statistical differences (p > .05) for any compound among the F1 progeny arising from the different crossed pairs. The F2 progeny segregated into three groups, 23%–25% to a eugenol chemotype, 23%–25% to a methyl chavicol chemotype, and the remaining (~50%) into an intermediate mixture of the two compounds. This distribution fitted a segregation ratio of 1:2:1 (χ2 = 1.71; p = .4249), suggesting that the phenylpropene phenotype is regulated by a single bi‐allelic gene with incomplete dominance. A putative association with biosynthesis enzymes is discussed. 相似文献
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Harel Gal Zeev Ronen Noam Weisbrod Ofer Dahan Ronit Nativ 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(7):1751-1757
In the United States, perchlorate has been officially recognized as an environmental contaminant. In Israel, widespread perchlorate contamination has been found in the 40-m deep vadose zone near an ammonium perchlorate manufacturing plant north of Tel Aviv, above the central part of Israel's coastal aquifer, with peak concentrations of 1200 mg kgsediment?1. In this study, we examined the perchlorate-reduction potential by native microbial communities along this deep contaminated vadose zone profile. We analyzed the effect of various concentrations of nitrate on perchlorate reduction and determined whether perchlorate concentrations in the profile are toxic to the native microbial population. All experiments were performed in soil slurries with sediments taken from the contaminated site. Perchlorate was reduced to chloride in three (1, 15 and 35 m) of the four examined sediment samples taken from different depths (1, 15, 20, and 35 m below surface). No activity was observed in the sediment sample from 20 m below land surface, suggesting low viable microbial communities and water content, and high perchlorate concentrations. In the presence of nitrate, the lag time for perchlorate degradation was inversely correlated to nitrate concentration. We found no perchlorate degradation as long as nitrate was present in the system, and perchlorate degradation initiated only after all the nitrate had been reduced. Nitrate-reduction rates were correlated to the initial concentrations of nitrate and no lag period was observed for nitrate reduction. Viable microbial populations were observed at both high concentrations (10,000 mg l?1 and 20,000 mg l?1) and with no addition of perchlorate, at levels of 2.35 × 105, 4.01 × 105, and 3.41 × 103 CFU ml?1, respectively; these results were well correlated to those found by PCR amplification analysis of chlorite dismutase. We suggest that the microbial community has adapted to the conditions of high perchlorate concentrations in the unsaturated zone over 30 years of exposure. When no external carbon source was added to the slurry of soil from land surface, all perchlorate was removed after 134 days of incubation. The average perchlorate-reduction rate using natural organic matter as a carbon source was 0.45 mg day?1, while the average rate using acetate as an external carbon source was 7.2 mg day?1. 相似文献
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利用水蒸气蒸馏法结合气相色谱—质谱联用技术比较了百里香、迷迭香和柠檬香蜂草 3 种唇形科植物精油的挥发性组分差异。结果表明，唇形科植物精油具有丰富的挥发性组分，本研究在不同唇形科植物精油中检测到 18 种单萜、18 种倍半萜、25 种单萜衍生物、2 种倍半萜衍生物及 16 种酮、酯、酸类化合物共 79 种挥发性物质。不同唇形科植物精油组分差异较大，百里香植物精油组分最多，具有 51 种化合物；其次为迷迭香和柠檬香蜂草精油。百里香酚、1,8-桉叶素和香叶醛分别对百里香、迷迭香和柠檬香蜂草植物精油的贡献率最高。 相似文献
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Fischer R Nitzan N Chaimovitsh D Rubin B Dudai N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4913-4922
The aroma in sweet basil is a factor affecting the commercial value of the crop. In previous studies leaf age was considered to be a factor that influences the composition of essential oil (EO). In this study it was hypothesized that a single observation of the EO content in leaves from different positions on the main stem (young vs old) could predict the developmental changes in the plant during its life cycle. Plants harvested at week 16 demonstrated an exponential increase (R(2) = 0.92) in EO concentration in leaves on the main stem and lateral shoots, indicating higher EO concentrations in younger than in older leaves. Eugenol and methyleugenol predominated (28-77%) in the extract. Eugenol levels were higher in younger leaves (～53%), and methyl-eugenol levels predominated in older leaves (～68%). Linalool was lower in mature leaves than in younger leaves. This suggested that eugenol converted into methyleugenol and linalool decreased as leaf mature. However, in weekly monitored plants, the levels of these compounds in the EO had limited variation in the maturing leaf regardless of its position on the stem. This proposed that the EO composition in an individual leaf is mostly affected by the leaf position on the stem and not by its maturation process. Because leaf position is related to plant development, it is probable that the plant's physiological age at the time of leaf formation from the primordial tissue is the factor affecting the EO composition. It was concluded that interpretation of scientific observations should be carried out with caution and that hypotheses should be tested utilizing multifaceted approaches. 相似文献
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