Effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor meloxicam on recovery of ischemia-injured equine jejunum     

Little D  Brown SA  Campbell NB  Moeser AJ  Davis JL  Blikslager AT 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(6):614-624

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of meloxicam and flunixin meglumine on recovery of ischemia-injured equine jejunum. ANIMALS: 18 horses. PROCEDURES: Horses received butorphanol tartrate; were treated IV with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS; 12 mL; n = 6), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg; 6), or meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg; 6) 1 hour before ischemia was induced for 2 hours in a portion of jejunum; and were allowed to recover for 18 hours. Flunixin and SS treatments were repeated after 12 hours; all 3 treatments were administered immediately prior to euthanasia. Selected clinical variables, postoperative pain scores, and meloxicam pharmacokinetic data were evaluated. After euthanasia, assessment of epithelial barrier function, histologic evaluation, and western blot analysis of ischemia-injured and control jejunal mucosa samples from the 3 groups were performed. RESULTS: Meloxicam- or flunixin-treated horses had improved postoperative pain scores and clinical variables, compared with SS-treated horses. Recovery of transepithelial barrier function in ischemia-injured jejunum was inhibited by flunixin but permitted similarly by meloxicam and SS treatments. Eighteen hours after cessation of ischemia, numbers of neutrophils in ischemia-injured tissue were higher in horses treated with meloxicam or flunixin than SS. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were similar to those reported previously, but clearance was slower. Changes in expression of proteins associated with inflammatory responses to ischemic injury and with different drug treatments occurred, suggesting cyclooxygenase-independent effects. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although further assessment is needed, these data have suggested that IV administration of meloxicam may be a useful alternative to flunixin meglumine for postoperative treatment of horses with colic.  相似文献   

Evaluation of azathioprine on lesion severity and lymphocyte blastogenesis in dogs with perianal fistulas     

Harkin KR  Phillips D  Wilkerson M 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2007,43(1):21-26

Fourteen dogs with perianal fistulas were entered into a prospective clinical study to investigate the effects of long-term azathioprine on clinical outcome and to determine if the clinical results correlated with lymphocyte blastogenesis tests. Complete remission of perianal fistulas was seen in eight (57%) of 14 dogs; partial remission occurred in one (7%) dog; and no response was detected in five (36%) dogs. The results of lymphocyte blastogenesis assays did not correlate with therapeutic response.  相似文献   

Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and the intestine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Little D  Jones SL  Blikslager AT 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(3):367-377

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used for the treatment of pain and inflammation because of their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX). For almost as long as NSAIDs have been in use, multiple adverse effects have been noted. Assessment of many of these adverse effects have been complicated because of the discovery of multiple splice variants of the cox gene, and a greater array of COX inhibitors, especially the COX-2 selective inhibitors have become available. Some of these adverse effects cannot be readily explained by the effect of these drugs on COX. This has sparked a new field of investigation into the COX-independent effects of the COX inhibitors. The major noncyclooxygenase targets of the COX inhibitors of particular relevance to inflammation and the gastrointestinal tract are phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase Akt signaling, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, PPARgamma, nuclear factor KB, mitogen activated protein kinases, and heat shock proteins.  相似文献   

Cystic thyroid and parathyroid lesions in cats     

Phillips DE  Radlinsky MG  Fischer JR  Biller DS 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2003,39(4):349-354

Reports of cystic thyroid and parathyroid masses in cats are uncommon. Herein, the authors describe a series of four cats with cystic ventral cervical lesions, among them thyroid cyst (n=1), thyroid cystadenoma (n=2), and parathyroid adenocarcinoma (n=1). Presentations ranged from completely asymptomatic cervical swellings to signs related to local compression of adjacent structures (e.g., trachea). Ultrasonographic evaluation was helpful in localization of the mass in two cases. Hormone analysis and concentration of cystic fluid were performed in one cat. Surgical excision was performed successfully in three cases. Histopathological examination was performed in all four cases. Long-term prognosis was excellent for those cases in which follow-up was available.  相似文献   

Public health effects of accidents in self-employed forestry work     

Emma Wilhelmson  Dianne Staal Wästerlund  Lage Burström  Per-Olof Bylund 《Small-Scale Forestry》2005,4(4):427-435

Little is known about the extent of work-related accidents occurring during the performance of forestry work by the non-industrial private forest owner or their assistant (hereafter called self-employed NIPF). The absence of an effective accident registration system largely excludes this group from accurate representation in official statistics. In this study, data from 1996 to 2001 were collected from hospital injury records managed by the Umeå Accident Analysis Group at the University Hospital in Umeå. During that period, it was found that 485 persons in the Umeå region were given medical attention due to injuries possibly acquired during self-employed forestry work. Questionnaires about the accidents were sent to each of the 485 injured persons and 80% were returned. Responses revealed that 225 of the respondents were injured during self-employed forestry work. Out of these, 81% performed fewer than 31 days of forestry work annually. Due to the injury, 29% had been on sick leave for some period of time and 42% had persistent symptoms. On average, each injury led to 13 days of sick leave and 24 hours of institutional care. Firewood production was shown to be a key factor behind the large number of accidents for self-employed NIPF. Further studies on the lack of knowledge about how the work should be done and conscious risk taking should be considered as an important link to the development of effective accident prevention strategies.  相似文献   

Fast food for family meals: relationships with parent and adolescent food intake, home food availability and weight status     

Boutelle KN  Fulkerson JA  Neumark-Sztainer D  Story M  French SA 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(1):16-23

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence of fast-food purchases for family meals and the associations with sociodemographic variables, dietary intake, home food environment, and weight status in adolescents and their parents. DESIGN: This study is a cross-sectional evaluation of parent interviews and adolescent surveys from Project EAT (Eating Among Teens). SUBJECTS: Subjects included 902 middle-school and high-school adolescents (53% female, 47% male) and their parents (89% female, 11% male). The adolescent population was ethnically diverse: 29% white, 24% black, 21% Asian American, 14% Hispanic and 12% other. RESULTS: Results showed that parents who reported purchasing fast food for family meals at least 3 times per week were significantly more likely than parents who reported purchasing fewer fast-food family meals to report the availability of soda pop and chips in the home. Adolescents in homes with fewer than 3 fast-food family meals per week were significantly more likely than adolescents in homes with more fast-food family meals to report having vegetables and milk served with meals at home. Fast-food purchases for family meals were positively associated with the intake of fast foods and salty snack foods for both parents and adolescents; and weight status among parents. Fast-food purchases for family meals were negatively associated with parental vegetable intake. CONCLUSIONS: Fast-food purchases may be helpful for busy families, but families need to be educated on the effects of fast food for family meals and how to choose healthier, convenient family meals.  相似文献   

Letter to the Editor     

Dianne Mawby  Jacqueline Whittemore  Kellie Fecteau 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1637-Dec;28(6):1637

  相似文献   

Basic mammalian bone anatomy and healing.     

Dianne Dunning 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2002,5(1):115-128

The goal of any method of fracture repair should be the early return to function of the patient with minimum postoperative morbidity. This is accomplished most optimally by having a basic understanding of the biology of bone healing and by being familiar with the musculoskeletal system of the species before attempting fracture repair. Applying the fundamental principles of mammalian bone anatomy and physiology to the bird ensures the best prognosis possible and minimizes postoperative complications in the avian patient.  相似文献   

Systemic and pituitary pars intermedia antioxidant capacity associated with pars intermedia oxidative stress and dysfunction in horses     

McFarlane D  Cribb AE 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(12):2065-2072

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a deficiency in systemic or local (pars intermedia) antioxidant capacity is associated with pituitary pars intermedia oxidative stress and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. SAMPLE POPULATION: Blood samples from 20 horses with PPID and 20 healthy client-owned horses, archived paraffin-embedded adrenal gland and substantia nigra tissues from 20 horses, and pituitary gland tissue from 16 horses. PROCEDURES: Total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were determined in RBCs. Accumulation of a systemic marker of oxidative stress (3-nitrotyrosine) was assessed in plasma and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded adrenal gland and substantia nigra tissues. Local antioxidants (total and manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total glutathione) were measured in pars intermedia tissues. RESULTS: No significant differences existed in systemic antioxidant enzyme activity or accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine between horses with PPID and control horses. In pituitary gland tissues, glutathione peroxidase activity was increased in horses with oxidative stress, whereas total glutathione concentration and superoxide dismutase activity remained unchanged. There was an age-associated decrease in manganese superoxide dismutase activity in the pars intermedia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There was no evidence of systemic accumulation of oxidative stress markers or deficiencies in antioxidant capacity in horses with PPID, suggesting that these are unlikely to be major predisposing factors in the development of PPID. Manganese superoxide dismutase activity in the pars intermedia decreased significantly with increasing age. Role of an age-associated decrease in antioxidant capacity for the pars intermedia in the development of PPID in horses warrants further investigation.  相似文献   

Correlation between plasma alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone concentration and body mass index in healthy horses     

Donaldson MT  McFarlane D  Jorgensen AJ  Beech J 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(11):1469-1473

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between plasma alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) concentration and body mass index (BMI) in healthy horses. ANIMALS: 82 healthy horses. PROCEDURE: Plasma alpha-MSH concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. At the time blood samples were collected, body condition scores (BCS) were determined and measurements of girth circumference, body length, and height were obtained. Weight was estimated by use of the following formula: estimated weight (kg) = [girth (cm)2 x length (cm)]/11,877. Body mass index was calculated as estimated weight (kg)/height (m)2. RESULTS: A correlation was found between BMI and BCS (rs = 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44 to 0.731). A weak correlation was found between plasma alpha-MSH concentration and BMI (rs = 0.25 [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.45]) and BCS (rs = 0.26 [95% CI, 0.04 to 0.46]). A correlation was found between plasma alpha-MSH concentration and BMI in horses > or = 10 years old (rs = 0.49 [95% CI, 0.20 to 0.69]) but not in horses < 10 years old (rs = -0.04). Horses in the upper quartile of BMI had significantly greater plasma alpha-MSH concentration (median, 9.1 pmol/L; range, 2.0 to 95.3 pmol/L) than horses in the lowest quartile of BMI (median, 70 pmol/L; range, 3.6 to 15.7 pmol/L). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A correlation exists between plasma alpha-MSH concentration and BMI in horses. Further study is required to determine whether melanocortin receptor defects underlie this correlation or, alternately, whether plasma alpha-MSH concentration is simply a correlate of adiposity.  相似文献