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SixBassus species were recorded for the first time in Turkey:B. calculator (Fabricius, 1798),B. cingulipes (Nees, 1814),B. conspicuus (Wesmael, 1837),B. graecus Achterberg, 1992,B. rugulosus (Needs, 1834) andB. zaykovi (Nixon, 1986). By adding these new records, the number ofBassus species in Turkey has been raısed from seven to 13. Distribution and known hosts are given. 相似文献
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We experimentally tested under radial compressive loads and statistically analyzed rings constructed from spruce wood and reinforced with glass fiber.We used the Weibull distribution in statistical analysis,and tested five types of rings including unreinforced and composite reinforced(CR) as wound around the ring,oriented as two layers at angles of 45°,60°,75° and 90° to the column axis.We calculated 95 % reliability of load carrying capacity of the rings by Weibull distribution.The highest load carrying capacity was obtained with CR rings at 60° to the axial axis of the ring.Load carrying capacities of rings at CR90,CR75,CR60 and CR45 were 137,192,215 and 126 %greater,respectively,than unreinforced rings.For unreinforced rings,failures resulted from catastrophic breaking of wood materials.None of the reinforced rings failed catastrophically because the outer surface of the rings was reinforced with glass–epoxy composite fiber.Cracks began at the core of the materials under the composite layer for all specimens and resulted in failure of the rings. 相似文献
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Soil salinity related to physical soil characteristics and irrigation management in four Mediterranean irrigation districts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. Aragüés V. UrdanozM. Çetin C. KirdaH. Daghari W. LtifiM. Lahlou A. Douaik 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(6):959-966
Irrigated agriculture is threatened by soil salinity in numerous arid and semiarid areas of the Mediterranean basin. The objective of this work was to quantify soil salinity through electromagnetic induction (EMI) techniques and relate it to the physical characteristics and irrigation management of four Mediterranean irrigation districts located in Morocco, Spain, Tunisia and Turkey. The volume and salinity of the main water inputs (irrigation and precipitation) and outputs (crop evapotranspiration and drainage) were measured or estimated in each district. Soil salinity (ECe) maps were obtained through electromagnetic induction surveys (ECa readings) and district-specific ECa-ECe calibrations. Gravimetric soil water content (WC) and soil saturation percentage (SP) were also measured in the soil calibration samples. The ECa-ECe calibration equations were highly significant (P < 0.001) in all districts. ECa was not significantly correlated (P > 0.1) with WC, and was only significantly correlated (P < 0.1) with soil texture (estimated by SP) in Spain. Hence, ECa mainly depended upon ECe, so that the maps developed could be used effectively to assess soil salinity and its spatial variability. The surface-weighted average ECe values were low to moderate, and ranked the districts in the order: Tunisia (3.4 dS m−1) > Morocco (2.2 dS m−1) > Spain (1.4 dS m−1) > Turkey (0.45 dS m−1). Soil salinity was mainly affected by irrigation water salinity and irrigation efficiency. Drainage water salinity at the exit of each district was mostly affected by soil salinity and irrigation efficiency, with values very high in Tunisia (9.0 dS m−1), high in Spain (4.6 dS m−1), moderate in Morocco (estimated at 2.6 dS m−1), and low in Turkey (1.4 dS m−1). Salt loads in drainage waters, calculated from their salinity (ECdw) and volume (Q), were highest in Tunisia (very high Q and very high ECdw), intermediate in Turkey (extremely high Q and low ECdw) and lowest in Spain (very low Q and high ECdw) (there were no Q data for Morocco). Reduction of these high drainage volumes through sound irrigation management would be the most efficient way to control the off-site salt-pollution caused by these Mediterranean irrigation districts. 相似文献
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Eylem Dizman Tomak Elif Topaloglu Nurgul Ay Umit C. Yildiz 《Wood Science and Technology》2012,46(5):905-918
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of accelerated aging on compression strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, color change, volumetric swelling, and volumetric shrinkage of bamboo specimens with and without node sections. In the study, these properties were compared with those of Scots pine and beech wood specimens. Depending on bamboo sections, the aging procedure reduced modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and compression strength. Bamboo specimens showed relatively high strength properties compared to wood specimens due to having high density. Strength properties increased from bottom to top of bamboo culms. The presence of nodes in the specimens reduced compression strength and modulus of rupture but affected modulus of elasticity slightly. Remarkable color changes in specimens were observed after aging. Volumetric swelling and shrinkage of bamboo specimens exposed to aging decreased probably due to heat effect of aging procedure. 相似文献
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Larvae of the cereal leaf minerSyringopais temperatella Led. (Lep.: Scythridae) collected from wheat and barley fields in the southeast Anatolian region of Turkey during 2005–2006,
and their parasitization rates, were determined in the laboratory,Bracon (Habrobracon) stabilis Wesmael andApanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were identified as its parasitoids for the first time. 相似文献
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The ethanol extracts obtained from both leaf and seed in the Thorn apple (Datura stramonium L.) (Solanaceae) were investigated for acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent properties against adult two-spotted
spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions. Leaf and seed extracts, which were applied in 167,250 and 145,750 mg/l
concentrations, respectively (using a Petri leaf disc-spray tower method), caused 98 and 25% mortality among spider mite adults
after 48 h. The simple logistic regression analysis showed that the independent variable, an increase in the dose of leaf
extract was associated with a significant increase in the death rate of T. urticae females, but an increase in the dosage of seed extracts did not have a significant effect. Using probit analysis and estimating
the parameters with a confidence limit of 95%, we determined the LC50 values of leaf extract to be 70,593 mg/l. According to Pearson’s χ2 test, mites showed the strongest run off to bean leaf surfaces sprayed with both leaf and seed extracts (in sub-lethal doses:
<7,500 mg/l and <25,000 mg/l, respectively) and moved towards surfaces that had not been sprayed with extracts. Furthermore,
repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the number of eggs laid on unsprayed bean leaves compared
to bean leaves that were sprayed with leaf and seed extracts at sub-lethal doses, 2,500 and 25,000 mg/l concentrations, respectively.
These results suggest that D. stramonium extracts could be used to manage the two-spotted spider mite. 相似文献
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R. Seda Tiğli Aydın Ayşe Nur Eroğlu Ayşe Karakeçili Ayla Çalımlı 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(11):1765-1775
New generation wound dressings require the criteria that both bioactive and conventional wound dressing materials can recompense the fundamental properties like defense of wound from microbial invasion, dehydration during the wound care duration and mimic the healing process. In this study, functional double-layered nanofibrous composite membranes were fabricated via electrospinning method. The matrices consist of a sheet of ampicillin loaded poly(2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate/polyacrylic acid (pHEMA/pAA) nanofibers on the upper side (first layer: pH sensitive antibacterial barrier) and a sheet of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin nanofibers (second layer: bioactive part). Ampicillin was successfully incorporated to double-layered matrices which greatly changed the mechanical properties, biodegradability and water uptake ratios (up to 4 fold higher values). The success of the antimicrobial activity of ampicillin on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was indicated by the inhibition zone test. pH sensitivity was confirmed by the swelling and ampicillin release studies by shifting pH value to basic environment. Thus, double-layered pHEMA-pAA nanofibers suggest as a potential wound dressing material for its pH sensitive drug delivery ability and its bioactive part. 相似文献