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1.
The prevalence and risk factors associated with leptospirosis were studied in veterinary students in Zaragoza. Sera were collected at the beginning and end of the academic year 1994 to 1995 and were tested by ELISA against a pool of Leptospira interrogans serovars bratislava, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona antigens. At the beginning of the study the prevalence was 8.14 per cent and at the end it was 11.4 per cent. The incidence of the disease during the study was 0.0394. Risk factors associated with leptospirosis included: taking the course specialising in food inspection and technology, on-farm work, contact with pets in general, and particularly carnivores, and contact with animal traders. The symptoms associated with the disease were myalgia and fever, and the treatment of the symptoms provided some protection.  相似文献   
2.
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench, TtM) flowers possess several health-promoting properties, especially at the neurological level, such as intestinal...  相似文献   
3.
Erythromycin is an antimicrobial agent recommended for the control and treatment of diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria. Few studies, however, have determined the metabolic and pharmacokinetic aspects of this antimicrobial agent in fish. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to determine the accumulation and depletion time of erythromycin after administration of medicated feed containing 52 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) for 8 days in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Results were analyzed following the European Agency for Evaluation of Medicinal Products guidelines. We measured a withdrawal time of 187°C-day (°C-day=water temperature×days), lower than the value (500°C-day) recommended by Council Directive 2004/28/EC for veterinary medicinal products. Our results provide data to establish therapeutic regimens for the use of erythromycin in aquaculture.  相似文献   
4.
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5.
We studied the safety and efficacy of an inactivated vaccine (Ichtiovac-Lg) against Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In an initial dose-response experiment to test safety, we injected 50 rainbow trout weighing 30-40 g with a double dose of vaccine (0.2 ml) intraperitoneally. We observed these fish three times a day until day 50 post-vaccination when they were killed to evaluate visceral reactions, adhesions and intraperitoneal absorption. Survival was 100% in both the treatment and control groups and no significant differences were found in percentage of severe adhesions and pigmentation of peritonea and viscera. In a second trial, we injected 50 rainbow trout weighing 30-40 g with 0.1 ml of vaccine and a control group was injected with 0.1 ml of PBS intraperitoneally. On day 29 post-vaccination, both groups were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with 0.1 ml of a virulent heterologous strain of L. garvieae at 3 x 10(6) cfu ml(-1) and fish were observed for a further 21 days. At the end of the experiment, the survivals of the vaccinated fish and control group were 94 and 4%, respectively.  相似文献   
6.
Following previous research on lemon juice enriched with berries, the aim of this work was to design new blends based on lemon juice mixed with different edible berries of exotic and national origin: maqui ( Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz), a?a?? ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.), and blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa L.). The phytochemical characterization of controls and blends was performed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n). Their antioxidant capacity against DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals and hypochlorous acid and their potential to inhibit cholinesterases were also assessed. The profiling of the red fruits and lemon revealed a wide range of bioactive phenolics. The novel beverage based on lemon juice and maqui berry (LM) was the most interesting blend in terms of antioxidant capacity. Berry control samples displayed reduced effects on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, the lemon juice control being always the most active. This activity was also remarkable for lemon-blackthorn (LB) and lemon-a?a?? (LA) blends, the last being the most effective inhibitor of cholinesterases among all samples. The results suggested that lemon juice enriched with berries could be of potential interest in the design of new drinks with a nutritive related function on health for chronic diseases.  相似文献   
7.
The present study describes the screening of five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for use as probiotics based on their competitive adhesion and production of antagonistic substances against some fish pathogens. A reduction of adhesion of all pathogenic strains tested was obtained with three of the LAB strains (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CLFP100, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris CLFP102 and Lactobacillus curvatus CLFP150). With the exception of fish pathogens Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Renibacterium salmoninarum that were not inhibited by LAB strains, production of antagonistic compounds by all tested LAB was observed against at least one of the indicator strains. Based on mucus adhesion, competitive exclusion, and suppression of fish pathogen growth, the selected LAB strains can be considered for future challenge experiments in fish as a very promising alternative to the use of chemotherapeutic agents.  相似文献   
8.
Coldwater ‘streptococcosis’, caused by Vagococcus salmoninarum, is an emerging disease of rainbow trout in the European Union, causing mortality rates up to 50% in broodstock during the spawning period, with water temperature of 10–12°C. A study to determine the presence and role of this bacterium was undertaken using classical bacteriological techniques confirmed with polymerase chain reaction. This is the first report of isolation of V salmoninarum in relation to outbreaks of mortality in a rainbow trout farm devoted exclusively to broodstock rearing in Spain. A total of 10 isolates of V salmoninarum were characterized by their morphological, cultural, physiological, biochemical and enzymatic traits. Some differences were observed in parameters such as growth on MacConkey agar, H2S production, acid production from starch, and some other minor variations. Isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and oxytetracycline tested in vitro, but treatments conducted in the field were ineffective. An attempt at vaccination did not provide encouraging results.  相似文献   
9.
We analysed the effect of probiotic supplementation on the control of lactococcosis in rainbow trout. Probiotic strains Leuconostoc mesenteroides CLFP 196 and Lactobacillus plantarum CLFP 238 were administered orally to fish for 30 days at 10(7) CFU g(-1) feed. Thirty days after the start of the probiotic feeding, fish were challenged with Lactococcus garvieae. Probiotic supplementation reduced fish mortality significantly, from 78% in the control group to 46-54% in the probiotic groups.  相似文献   
10.
Lactococcus garvieae is the etiological agent of Lactococcosis, an emergent disease which affects many fish species and causes important economic losses both in marine and freshwater aquaculture when water temperature increases over 16 degrees C in summer months. Normally, it causes a hyperacute and haemorrhagic septicemia. This paper presents a state of the art review of fish Lactococcosis including aspects such as pathogen characterization, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and control measures of the disease in farmed fish.  相似文献   
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