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Partridge EA Le Roy C Di Guglielmo GM Pawling J Cheung P Granovsky M Nabi IR Wrana JL Dennis JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5693):120-124
The Golgi enzyme beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (Mgat5) is up-regulated in carcinomas and promotes the substitution of N-glycan with poly N-acetyllactosamine, the preferred ligand for galectin-3 (Gal-3). Here, we report that expression of Mgat5 sensitized mouse cells to multiple cytokines. Gal-3 cross-linked Mgat5-modified N-glycans on epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta receptors at the cell surface and delayed their removal by constitutive endocytosis. Mgat5 expression in mammary carcinoma was rate limiting for cytokine signaling and consequently for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell motility, and tumor metastasis. Mgat5 also promoted cytokine-mediated leukocyte signaling, phagocytosis, and extravasation in vivo. Thus, conditional regulation of N-glycan processing drives synchronous modification of cytokine receptors, which balances their surface retention against loss via endocytosis. 相似文献
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Francesco?SpinelliEmail author John-Bryan?Speakman Wilhelm?Rademacher Heidi?Halbwirth Karl?Stich Guglielmo?Costa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,112(2):133-142
Treatments with prohexadione-calcium led to lowered incidence of fire blight, scab and other diseases in pome fruit trees and other crop plants. In addition to acting as a growth regulator, prohexadione-calcium interferes with flavonoid metabolism and induces the accumulation of the 3-deoxycatechin luteoliflavan in shoots of pome fruit trees. Luteoliflavan does not possess any remarkable antimicrobial activity. Therefore luteoforol, its unstable and highly reactive precursor, has been tested in vitro for its bactericidal and fungicidal activities. Luteoforol was found to be highly active against different strains of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, and all other bacterial and fungal organisms tested. Phytotoxic effects were also observed in pear plantlets. The results obtained indicate that prohexadione-calcium induces luteoforol as an active principle with non-specific biocidal properties. It is proposed that luteoforol is released upon pathogen attack from its cellular compartment and inhibits further disease development by destroying pathogen cells as well as by inducing a hypersensitive-like reaction in the host plant tissue. This mechanism would be closely analogous to the one known for structurally related phytoalexins in sorghum. 相似文献
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Francesco Spinelli Giovanni Fiori Massimo Noferini Mattia Sprocatti Guglielmo Costa 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):131-137
SummaryAlternate bearing is a serious problem in many apple varieties. In fact, each year, apple trees have to be thinned in order to ensure a correct and constant balance between the reproductive and vegetative tendencies of the plant. In organic fruit growing, there is no alternative to the expensive and time-consuming process of hand-thinning. Under these conditions, the use of natural bio-stimulants which enhance the efficiency of nutrient uptake, plant fitness to different pedoclimatic conditions, and plant tolerance to stress, offers new opportunities to reduce the negative effects of alternate bearing. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of Actiwave®, a metabolic enhancer derived from the alga, Ascophillum nodosum, on ‘Fuji’ apple trees affected by experimentally-imposed alternate bearing. The experiments were carried in open field conditions over four consecutive years. Although the effect of Actiwave® was erratic from year-to-year, the compound generally reduced those problems linked to alternate bearing. Actiwave® had its most significant effect on alternate bearing plants that were also affected by nutrient deprivation due to the absence of fertilisation. In these trees,Actiwave® decreased the oscillations in yield between “on” and “off” years and increased the average fruit weight on plants affected by too-high a crop load. Treated trees also showed higher leaf chlorophyll contents (increased by 12%), with a consequent increase in the rates of photosynthesis and respiration. On the other hand, under standard conditions, in well-fertilised balanced plants, Actiwave® did not have any significant effect. This evidence corroborates the hypothesis that Actiwave® may be a useful tool to reduce alternate bearing in organic and low-input farming. 相似文献
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Carlo Andreotti Daniela Ravaglia Guglielmo Costa 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):145-149
SummaryThis research was conducted under the framework of the ISAFRUIT Project and aimed to investigate the effects of different light micro-environments on the final overall quality of nectarine fruit production. Experiments were conducted in a commercial orchard of the nectarine (Prunus persica) ‘Stark Red Gold’ during 2006 and 2007. Reflective mulches were laid down in the inter-row spaces in mid-May. Those environmental conditions affected by mulching such as temperature and reflected light were monitored until fruit harvest. Fruit production per tree was enhanced by mulch-treatment in both years, but the differences were statistically significant only in 2006, when the average fruit weight was also enhanced. Nectarines became more ripe in the 2006 season, whereas no differences in the main fruit quality indices were detected in 2007.The concentrations of phenolic compounds in ripe nectarines were positively enhanced in both years. The increase in concentration of overall phenolic compounds (in mg 100 g?1 fresh weight) was calculated to be approx. 60% in 2006 and 2007, indicating an interesting improvement of the nutraceutical and anti-oxidant potential of nectarines. Experiments were also conducted using UV plus white light irradiation under controlled conditions. The accumulation of phenolic compounds, specifically anthocyanin concentrations, in nectarines previously screened using paper bags were determined at different times after irradiation. The results clearly indicated an inducing effect of UV plus white light irradiation on the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in fruit skin. The consequences for the colour and health potential of nectarines are discussed. 相似文献
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Guglielmo Lione Luana Giordano Fabiano Sillo Francesca Brescia Paolo Gonthier 《Plant pathology》2021,70(9):2016-2033
Two chestnut (Castanea sativa) orchards of north-western Italy were sampled with passive spore traps 35 times over 24 months. Samples were analysed through a newly developed quantitative PCR assay to quantify propagule loads of the emerging fungal pathogen Gnomoniopsis castaneae. Average propagule deposition patterns were assessed along with temporal and climatic variables, including sampling month and season, temperatures, relative humidity, precipitations, and wind. Machine learning algorithms combining information theory, fractal analysis, unbiased recursive partitioning, ordinary least squares and logistic regressions, were used to model propagule deposition patterns. The trained models were validated on independent data gathered from 24 samplings conducted in a third chestnut orchard during the same timeframe. Results showed that propagule deposition rate (DR) was variable within and among sites, with a site average ranging from 173 to 765 spores ⋅m−2 ⋅h−1. Propagule deposition was observed across all seasons, although the DR dropped substantially during wintertime (p < 0.05). Mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures, the growing degree days at 0 and 5℃ thresholds, and wind gust were all positively correlated (p < 0.05) with DR of G. castaneae. The trained models were all significant (p < 0.05), as well as their validation (p < 0.05). Fluctuations of propagule deposition throughout the year were consistent among sites and proved to be driven by temperatures. Wind gust was associated with the overall amount of propagules deposited at site level. In future, the increase in temperatures and strong winds as a result of climate change may boost the spread of G. castaneae. 相似文献
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Natoli E Maragliano L Cariola G Faini A Bonanni R Cafazzo S Fantini C 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2006,77(3-4):180-185
In Italy, which is rabies-free, the national Law No. 281 [Legge Nazionale 14 agosto 1991. No. 281: Legge Quadro in materia di animali di affezione e prevenzione del randagismo. Gazz. Uff. Rep. Ital. no 203 del 30 agosto 1991: p. 3] on the management of pets and on the control of feral cats has introduced the no-kill policy for this species. Thus, “trap-neuter-release” (TNR) programs have been carried out for >10 years. In this paper we present data on registered colonies and censused cats in Rome from 1991 to 2000; the results of the neutering campaign from 1991 to 2000; and a survey, on 103 cat colonies, on the effects of demographic control of urban feral-cat colonies in the city of Rome, carried out by the local Veterinary Public Services (VPS) in collaboration with the associations of cat care-takers. In 10 years almost 8000 were neutered and reintroduced in their original colony. The spay/neuter campaigns brought about a general decrease in cat number but the percentage of cat immigration (due to abandonment and spontaneous arrival) is around 21%. This suggests that all these efforts without an effective education of people to control the reproduction of house cats (as a prevention for abandonment) are a waste of money, time and energy. 相似文献
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A molecular diagnostic assay for the detection and identification of wood decay fungi of conifers 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ten taxon‐specific primers were designed to amplify the Internal Transcribed Spacer of the rRNA operon of several important decay fungi of coniferous wood, including Armillaria spp., Echinodontium spp., Fomitopsis pinicola, Fuscoporia torulosa, Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (s.l.), Onnia spp., Phaeolus schweinitzii, Phellinus weirii s.l., Pholiota spp. and Porodaedalea spp. Primers designed in this study and in a previous one for the identification of Laetiporus sulphureus and Stereum spp. were combined in two multiplex PCRs, which were tested for efficiency and specificity, and detected at least 1 pg of fungal target DNA. Target DNA at concentrations of 10?1 pg or lower can be detected with this assay using SYBR® Green Real‐Time PCR. Validation assays performed on 129 naturally infected wood samples or fruiting bodies confirmed the reliability of the multiplex PCR‐based diagnostic method. This method represents a simple and rapid diagnostic tool for the detection of a number of destructive wood decay fungi of conifer wood. 相似文献
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Gabriella Donà Ivana Ko?uh Anna Maria Brunati Alessandra Andrisani Guido Ambrosini Guglielmo Bonanni Eugenio Ragazzi Decio Armanini Giulio Clari Luciana Bordin 《Marine drugs》2013,11(6):1909-1919
In order to be able to fertilize oocytes, human sperm must undergo a series of morphological and structural alterations, known as capacitation. It has been shown that the production of endogenous sperm reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in causing cells to undergo a massive acrosome reaction (AR). Astaxanthin (Asta), a photo-protective red pigment belonging to the carotenoid family, is recognized as having anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties and is present in many dietary supplements. This study evaluates the effect of Asta in a capacitating buffer which induces low ROS production and low percentages of acrosome-reacted cells (ARC). Sperm cells were incubated in the presence or absence of increasing concentrations of Asta or diamide (Diam) and analyzed for their ROS production, Tyr-phosphorylation (Tyr-P) pattern and percentages of ARC and non-viable cells (NVC). Results show that Asta ameliorated both sperm head Tyr-P and ARC values without affecting the ROS generation curve, whereas Diam succeeded in enhancing the Tyr-P level but only of the flagellum without increasing ARC values. It is suggested that Asta can be inserted in the membrane and therefore create capacitation-like membrane alteration which allow Tyr-P of the head. Once this has occurred, AR can take place and involves a higher numbers of cells. 相似文献