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Use of scanning electron microscopy to confirm the identity of lice infesting communally grazed goat herds 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sebei PJ McCrindle CM Green ED Turner ML 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2004,71(2):87-92
Lice have been described on goats in commercial farming systems in South Africa but not from flocks on communal grazing. During a longitudinal survey on the causes of goat kid mortality, conducted in Jericho district, North West Province, lice were collected from communally grazed indigenous goats. These lice were prepared for and viewed by scanning electron microscopy, and micro-morphological taxonomic details are described. Three species of lice were found in the study area and identified as Bovicola caprae, Bovicola limbatus and Linognathus africanus. Sucking and biting lice were found in ten of the 12 herds of goats examined. Lice were found on both mature goats and kids. Bovicola caprae and L. africanus were the most common biting and sucking lice respectively in all herds examined. Scanning electron microscopy revealed additional features which aided in the identification of the louse species. Photomicrographs were more accurate aids to identification than the line drawings in the literature and facilitated identification using dissecting microscope. 相似文献
2.
S. Kennou Sebei R. Bergaoui M. Ben Hamouda R. G. Cooper 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1427-1438
The aim of the current investigation was to determine wild ostrich reproductive behaviour in Orbata Nature Reserve by observing
16 hens and 28 cocks over a seven-year period. Intense laying commenced in January, one month after the cessation of the rainy
season, and 92% of the eggs were produced during the dry season (January to May, peaking in March). Over the seven years,
1,322 eggs were laid in 69 nests, which corresponded to an annual average production of 19.2 ± 9.1 eggs/nest and 11.8 eggs/hen.
24 nests (34.78%) were non-brooded, 17 nests (24.64%) were deserted in the course of incubation, and 28 nests (40.58%) possessed
hatched eggs. All the non-incubated nests had egg losses equivalent to 46.6 ± 12.6%. Hatchability success of incubated eggs
was 41.9 ± 12.0%. Ostriches tended to dig their nests adjacent to the reserve enclosure which had direct access by road and
track, the latter subjecting them to human disturbance and predation. The systematic obstruction of these nests stimulated
ostriches to build additional nests within the reserve perimeter. The authors discussed the results recorded in an ostrich
flock in relation to the environmental factors (climatic factors, food disponibility and predation) and suggested possibilities
for improved wildlife management. 相似文献
3.
R. G. Cooper Kh. M. A. Mahrose J. O. Horbańczuk R. Villegas-Vizcaíno S. Kennou Sebei A. E. Faki Mohammed 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1669-1678
The aim of the current report was to study the literature pertinent to wild populations of ostriches and their ecological
and behavioural adaptations in the wild. Selected areas included palaeontology; ostrich distribution; conservation status
and relationships with humans and habitat. There is an immediate and urgent need to conserve and protect the apparently rapidly
declining populations of wild ostriches with the committed involvement of governments and funding bodies. Wildlife management
is an important complement to the farming of livestock. Scientists need to understand the elements of ostrich behaviour in
the wild in order to make informed decisions on their management and contact with other animals. Information of the like should
be included in readily-accessible and annually updated wildlife manuals. We deemed that such information was an essential
part in the conservation of this dwindling ratite. 相似文献
4.
Ross G. Cooper Jaroslaw O. Horbańczuk Raul Villegas-Vizcaíno Salwa Kennou Sebei Aisha E. Faki Mohammed Khalid M. A. Mahrose 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(3):363-373
This work discusses some of the important considerations of wild ostrich evolution, behaviour and ecology, as items included
in ostrich production. In the process considerable research was conducted by collating information from peer-reviewed papers;
textbooks; manuals; and PubMed and Agricola searches. Selected areas reviewed included activity of ostriches; feeding and
water needs; sexual maturity; egg laying and natural incubation; selected physiological parameters; and predation. There is
an immediate and urgent need to conserve and protect the rapidly declining populations of wild ostriches with the committed
involvement of governments and funding bodies. 相似文献
5.
Mokantla E McCrindle CM Sebei JP Owen R 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2004,75(1):30-36
The communal grazing system is generally understood to have a low input, low output type of management. However, the actual inputs and outputs of the farmers are not well known and the farmers are often unaware of their problems. Although the causes of low calving percentage are well understood in commercial beef farming enterprises in South Africa, the same is not true for communal farming systems. The aim of this study was to determine the reproductive performance of beef cattle on a communal farming system in Jericho, North West Province. Ten farmers from five villages with a total of 265 cows and 13 bulls were purposively selected. The selection criteria were that each farmer had to have a minimum of 10 breeding cows and a bull and be willing to participate in the study. This was followed by a 12-month longitudinal study with monthly herd visits where cows were examined rectally and bulls (n = 13) were subjected to a single breeding soundness evaluation. The calving percentage was found to be 37.7%. This is lower than the recorded percentages for commercial beef cattle on extensive grazing. The factors playing a role in low calving percentage were ranked using field data. From this it appeared that failure of cows to become pregnant was the main cause of poor calving percentage as opposed of loss of calves through abortion or resorption. Sub-fertility of the bulls was found to be of great significance and it is proposed that this be included in extension messages and that bulls be fertility tested routinely. Poor body condition score of cows, mainly caused by poor management, was also considered to play a major role in reducing pregnancy rates. Infectious diseases like trichomonosis, campylobacteriosis and brucellosis played a much leser role than anticipated. 相似文献
6.
Ostriches’ reproduction behaviour and mastery of natural incubation under farming conditions 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This study describes the ostriches’ behaviour in natural incubation and two key elements to improve this way of reproduction:
artificial introduction of eggs in the nest and modifying the nest location when not adequate. Six females and 3 males were
observed during four reproduction seasons. The results show that it is possible to lead ostriches change the nest. Eggs incubation
was the male and the main female’s responsibility; the second female of the trio shared this task in 85% of cases. Presence
of eggs incited ostriches to sit in the nest. Incubation per se began when the couple took turns in a regular way to perform
this role; mating and laying stopped. Hatching was marked by a higher aggressiveness among parents who watched over the nest
to ensure the hatching of late eggs and continued to sit in the nest as long as there were eggs. The mean fertility and hatchability
of set eggs were 58.68 and 41.55% respectively. Fertile eggs had less than 12 days of storage when introduction into the nest.
Viability at 3 months of the chicks kept with their parents was higher than that of the chicks reared by our care (82% and
57% respectively). 相似文献
7.
Karim Hosni Marwa JemliSalma Dziri Yacine M’rabetAsma Ennigrou Ahlem SghaierHervé Casabianca Emmanuelle VullietNadia Ben Brahim Houcine Sebei 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(3):1622-1628
The effect of stage of maturity on total lipids, fatty acids, yields and essential oil composition and their antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of the Schinus molle fruits was investigated. The content of total lipids varied from 2.87 to 5.35% (w/w, dw) and were rich in unsaturated fatty acids particularly linoleic acid. As maturation progress, the essential oil yield dropped from 5.18% to 1.15%. Monoterpene hydrocarbons with α-phellandrene (35.15-40.38%), limonene + β-phellandrene (21.47-36.62%), β-myrcene (7.61-24.96%) and α-pinene (1.92-2.58%) were found to be the main components. At the same time, the essential oils were evaluated for their antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities. They were found to be active against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhymurium and Escherichia coli but they do not inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. Conversely, they showed very weak activity against the DPPH radical. In both assay, the oil derived from the intermediate stage was reported as more efficient. 相似文献
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