Jojoba seed meal proteins associated with proteolytic and protease inhibitory activities     

Shrestha MK  Peri I  Smirnoff P  Birk Y  Golan-Goldhirsh A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(20):5670-5675

The jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis, is a characteristic desert plant native to the Sonoran desert. The jojoba meal after oil extraction is rich in protein. The major jojoba proteins were albumins (79%) and globulins (21%), which have similar amino acid compositions and also showed a labile thrombin-inhibitory activity. SDS-PAGE showed two major proteins at 50 kDa and 25 kDa both in the albumins and in the globulins. The 25 kDa protein has trypsin- and chymotrypsin-inhibitory activities. In vitro digestibility of the globulins and albumins resembled that of casein and soybean protein concentrates and was increased after heat treatment. The increased digestibility achieved by boiling may be attributed to inactivation of the protease inhibitors and denaturation of proteins.  相似文献   

Acquired resistance to the 16-membered macrolides tylosin and tilmicosin by Mycoplasma bovis     

Uri Lerner  Eytan Amram  Roger D. Ayling  Inna Mikula  Irena Gerchman  Shimon Harrus  Dina Teff  David Yogev  Inna Lysnyansky 《Veterinary microbiology》2014,168(2-4):365-371

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Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) grazing on duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza)     

Irena Pípalová 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(4):325-336

The aims of this experiment were (1) toquantify the ability of grass carp to processduckweed and (2) to assess indirect changes inwater chemistry and phytoplankton community,caused by grass carp feeding. Yearling grass carp sized 126 ± 7.7 mm (TL) and19.6 g in weight were kept in 9 laminate tanksof 1 m³ for 14 days. Two stockingdensities (2 and 6 fish per m³) anda control without fish were used. Standard growthrate (SGR) of grass carp fed exclusively onduckweed was 0.70% body weight (BW) d^–1and food conversion ratio (FCR) reached 2.0(average water temperature =21.1 ± 3.8 °C). Daily food intakewas 0.2 g of duckweed dry weight (DW), i.e.,1% of average BW of grass carp. SGR ofduckweed growing in 20 × 20 cm floatingenclosures, differed significantly[F(6,2) = 417.9; p = 0.002] between the twostocking densities of grass carp and thecontrol tanks (without fish). Mean SGR ofduckweed was 0.02 g g^–1 day^–1 and thehighest SGR was recorded in the control tanks.Both decrease in NH₄-N and increase inNO₂-N concentrations differedsignificantly between the treatments[F(2,2) = 45.3; p = 0.02 and F(2,2) = 19.2; p = 0.04 respectively]. Changes in other nitrogenand phosphorus components (NO₃-N, TN, TPand PO₄-P) caused by stocking of grasscarp were not significant. Biomass ofphytoplankton, dominated by filamentous algaeand blue-greens, increased proportionately tostocking density of grass carp. Althoughduckweed has a large potential for nutrientremoval, the most common pathway for thenutrients released through grass carp grazingif duckweed cover is loose is theirincorporation into phytoplankton biomass.  相似文献   

Nature and Origin of Lipids in Clay Fractions from a Fluvisol in a Sewage Sludge Deposition Field     

Irena Atanassova  Metodi Teoharov 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,208(1-4):295-304

Few studies on free lipids in total solvent extracts from soil clay fractions directly measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have been reported so far. In this study, we aimed to examine the free lipids in the clay fraction separated from a Fluvisol profile on which sewage sludge was deposited 6 years ago and provide information on the sources, diagenetic processes and organic pollutants derived from the sludge. Clay fractions were separated from the four horizons of a Fluvisol and analysed for the biochemically stable lipid pool. The GC/MS analysis of the lipid fraction showed that lipid signatures were dominated by alkanes (C₁₇–C₃₃), alkanoic acids (C₁₂–C₁₈), alkanols (C₁₄–C₃₀), aromatic acids and phthalate esters. Sources of lipids show predominant bacterial contribution as shown by the alkane, fatty acids and n-alkanol distributions. The preservation of lipids of microbial origin in the clay fraction was revealed by the presence of even number, branched alkanes and short-chain and branched fatty acids. These results imply that similar pedogenic processes took place in this soil profile affected by hydromorphic conditions with some quantitative changes in the clay lipid compositions between different soil horizons. Some aromatic acids and xenobiotics such as phthalates were detected in the lipid extracts of the clay fractions in depth (0–85 cm) of the soil profile, which has implications for pollution of soils and ground waters in situations of sewage sludge deposition.  相似文献   

Comparative performance of F1 hybrids and open-pollinated ‘Bell’ pepper varieties (Capsicum annuum L.) under suboptimal temperature regimes     

Chen Shifriss  Irena Rylski 《Euphytica》1973,22(3):530-534

Summary Two Bell pepper F₁ hybrids demonstrated a significant advantage over open-pollinated varieties under growing conditions of suboptimal temperatures. Both hybrids gave significantly higher marketable yields than most of the varieties compared with them.Early total yields were also significantly higher in both hybrids. Hybrid No 12 was significantly higher than all the other varieties in both early and overall marketable yields.Two experimental hybrids produced by the use of ms ₁ and ms ₂ genes were found to be as promising as the regular hybrids.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. 1972 Series, No 2245E.  相似文献   

Species-specific sensitivity of earthworm coelomocytes to dermal metal (Cd,Cu, Ni,Pb, Zn) exposures: Methodological approach     

Barbara Plytycz  Malgorzata Klimek  Joanna Homa  Agnieszka Irena Mazur  Jerzy Kruk  A. John Morgan 《Pedobiologia》2011

Earthworm immune-competent cells (coelomocytes) can be adversely affected by soil metal contamination. The aim of the present paper was to perform comparative studies on the coelomocytes of four lumbricid species dermally exposed for 2 days to filter paper soaked with Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, or Pb chlorides (1 mM). Coelomocytes were expelled by electro-stimulation, counted, and assayed ex vivo by flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry. The coelomocytes of Allolobophora chlorotica and Dendrobaena veneta contain both amoebocytes and riboflavin-storing eleocytes; consequently, they were subjected to assays based on flow cytometric quantification of autofluorescent eleocytes and spectrofluorometric measurement of riboflavin content in coelomocyte lysates. In Al. chlorotica, the number of coelomocytes, the percentage of eleocytes, and the amount of riboflavin were significantly lower in Cu-exposed worms although these cytometric parameters were less affected by Ni, Zn, Cd exposure, and entirely unaffected by Pb exposure. In D. veneta, such cellular effects were also only observed in Cu-exposed worms. The coelomic fluids of Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus are constitutionally impoverished of eleocytes; therefore, these species could not be subjected to assays measuring the riboflavin content of these granular cells. Rather, the amoebocytes of Ap. caliginosa and L. rubellus were subjected to flow cytometric measurements of in vitro neutral red uptake (NR). However, the NR uptake assay was technically demanding, requiring a strictly normalized incubation period over all samples to yield useful comparative data. In contrast, the riboflavin content in the coelomocyte lysates of eleocyte-rich species appears to be a robust and convenient immune-function biomarker of environmental stress.  相似文献   

Riboflavin storage in earthworm chloragocytes and chloragocyte-derived eleocytes and its putative role as chemoattractant for immunocompetent cells     

Agnieszka Irena Mazur  Malgorzata Klimek  A. John Morgan  Barbara Plytycz 《Pedobiologia》2011

We have shown previously that riboflavin is stored in chloragosomes of chloragocyte-derived earthworm eleocytes what may have an adaptive value for worms vulnerable to soil-derived pathogen invasion. Thus, it is important to determine whether riboflavin stores are also present in earthworm species with low eleocyte counts, especially in the chloragocytes of their chloragogen tissue that surrounds the coelomic site of the intestine, and find out its putative roles in earthworm immunity. Experiments were performed on adult worms from 6 species. Freely floating coelomocytes (consisting of amoebocytes plus species-specific numbers of eleocytes) were extruded by mild electric shock and then chloragocytes from the same anaesthetized worm were mechanically detached into buffer. Both cell suspensions were analyzed by spectrofluorometry for riboflavin content. It turned out that riboflavin is stored in species-specific quantities in all investigated species. Riboflavin storage predominates in free coelomocytes of eleocyte-rich species (Eisenia andrei, Dendrobaena veneta, Allolobophora chlorotica) while in chloragocytes of species with few eleocytes (Lumbricus terrestris, L. rubellus, and Aporrectodea caliginosa). Upon a massive microbial impact, the coelomocytes (both amoebocytes and eleocytes) are involved in the formation of multicellular bodies encapsulating soil-derived pathogens, what is connected with enhanced coelomocyte mobility. Thus the second aim of the present investigation was to check if riboflavin can participate in coelomocyte accumulations. Tests performed in a 48-well chemotaxis chamber revealed that riboflavin behave as chemoattractant for coelomocytes of all investigated earthworm species, which may be one of mechanisms underpinning its immunomodulatory functions.  相似文献   

乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种IMAU60064增殖培养基的优化     

徐洁  张青  杨洁  薛建岗  伊利那·塞日波纳·哈玛耶娃  张家超  陈永福  张和平 《乳业科学与技术》2011,34(4):151-157

以分离自西藏那曲县罗玛镇传统发酵酸牦牛奶中的乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种（Lactococcus lactis subsp．Cremoris）IMAU60064为试验菌株,研究其最佳的培养条件。对碳源、氮源、缓冲盐等培养基成分及培养条件进行优化,并采用响应面法对优选的碳源、氮源和缓冲盐类的组成含量进行优化,得到IMAU60064的增殖培养基为：葡萄糖23g／L、大豆蛋白胨11g／L、牛肉膏11g／L、胰蛋白胨5g／L、NaAC1．8g／L、K2HP041．2g／L、柠檬酸钠1．2g／L、MgSO4·7H200．4g／L、MnSO4·5H2O54mg／L、L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0．5g/L、吐温80为1g／L。Lactococcus lactis subsp．cremorisIMAU60064在此增殖培养基中经30℃,14h培养活菌数可达到3．26×10^8cFu／mL,比在MRS中（6．54×10^7CFU／mL）提高近5倍。  相似文献   

Bound amino acids in humic acids from arable cropping systems     

Lech Szajdak  Irena yczy&#x;ska‐Ba&#x;oniak  Teresa Meysner  Andrzej Blecharczyk 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2004,167(5):562-567

We investigated the varying concentrations of bound amino acids in humic acids (HA) extracted from soils under both crop rotation and continuous cropping of rye. The experiment was created in 1957. Since then, winter rye had been grown continuously and also the sequence of the 7 yr rotation had been started: potato, spring barley, alfalfa, alfalfa, oil seed rape, winter rye, and winter rye. Soils were fertilized with NPK and manure. Continuous cropping of rye increased total acidity of soils and the contents of carboxylic and phenolic groups in HA. The total amounts of the bound amino acids in HA from soils under crop rotation were higher than from continuous cropping of rye. Fertilization with NPK increased the contents of bound amino acids more than manure. Neutral amino acids dominated in all samples of HA, and basic amino acids had the lowest concentrations. In both types of cultivation, glutamic acids, glycine, alanine, valine, and lysine dominated. The proline contents in HA from continuous rye cropping were higher than in HA from soils under crop rotation. The concentrations of β‐alanine and lysine were higher in HA from crop rotation indicating a higher microbial biomass since these compounds are typical constituents of bacteria cell walls.  相似文献   

Metal Contents in Different Disintegration Fractions of Mor Humus     

Witold Plichta  Irena Kuczynska 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1992,155(1):19-23

Samples from subhorizons Ol, Of, and Oh of forest soils were separated be screening them into five disintegration fractions. Metal contents have been determined in individual fraction. With increasing transformation of the organic material in the most samples there proceeds a concentration of heavy metals in the order: Fe>Cu>Ni>Zn>Pb; in the same time, content of Mn decreases. Among alkali and alkaline earth metals content of Mg increases and content of Ca decreases. Na and K contents do not show definite relationships with disintegration degree of the organic material. The present results illustrate the trends in the changes in concentrations of various metals due to processes of mineralization and humification of the organic material under definite biocenotic and habitat conditions.  相似文献