Temperature variations during grain filling obtained in growth tunnel experiments and its influence on protein content,polymer build-up and gluten viscoelastic properties in wheat     

Anette Moldestad  Bernt Hoel  Ulrike Böcker  Shiori Koga  Ellen Færgestad Mosleth  Anne Kjersti Uhlen 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of temperature during grain filling on gluten quality characteristics at a lower to moderate temperature range. Experiments with two wheat varieties grown in field covered by polypropylene tunnels during grain filling were performed in two seasons. Mean day temperature differences achieved within the tunnel were approximately 2–2.5 °C from the open to the closed end. There were significant effects of temperature on grain maturity time, thousand grain weight and protein content. The resistance to stretching of the gluten doughs increased with the increasing day temperatures. This was reflected in the proportion of unextractable polymeric proteins (UPP). The results suggest that increases in temperature within this temperature range affect the polymerization of polymeric proteins, giving higher molecular weights, and hence increased Rmax and stronger gluten. The two varieties differed in their response to temperature. In addition, there were seasonal variations in gluten functionality that may be associated with fluctuations in day temperatures between the seasons.  相似文献   

Multi-trophic consequences of kelp harvest     

Svein-Håkon Lorentsen  Kjersti Sjøtun  David Grémillet 《Biological conservation》2010,143(9):2054-2062

Coastal kelp forest ecosystems provide important habitats for a diverse assemblage of invertebrates, fish and marine top-predators such as seabirds and sea mammals. Although kelp is harvested industrially on a worldwide scale little is known about the multi-trophic consequences of this habitat removal. We investigated how kelp fisheries, which remove feeding and nursery grounds of coastal fish, influence local food webs and the availability of food to a marine top predator, the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo). We conducted experimental harvesting of the canopy-forming kelp (Laminaria hyperborea) during a 3 year period (2001-2003) in an area at the coast of Central Norway while synoptically monitoring fish occurrence and cormorant foraging parameters. Our results demonstrate that cormorants preferentially foraged within kelp-forested areas and performed significantly more dives when feeding in harvested versus un-harvested areas suggesting lower foraging yield in the former case. In kelp areas that were newly harvested the number of small (<15 cm) gadid fish was 92% lower than in un-harvested areas. This effect was persistent for at least 1 year following harvest. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the ecological consequences of kelp harvesting have been tested at a multi-trophic level. The results presented strongly suggest that kelp harvesting affects fish abundance and diminishes coastal seabird foraging efficiency. Kelp fisheries are currently managed in order to maximize the net harvest of kelp biomass, and the underlying effects on the ecosystems are partly ignored. This study calls for re-assessment of such management practices.  相似文献   

生物化学复合防腐剂在橙汁防腐保鲜中的协同增效作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

焦晶晶  章宇  张巨林  戴雅庆  张英 《农业工程学报》2006,22(12):238-241

该文以天然生物防腐剂乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、化学防腐剂山梨酸钾、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)以及食品抗氧化剂异Vc钠为原料，对通过复配后得到的各组复合型防腐剂在橙汁保鲜中的协同增效作用进行研究，并且与单一的防腐剂保鲜效果进行比较，得出一组适合在橙汁中使用的高效复合型防腐剂。结果表明，上述各种抑菌剂单独使用时均不能完全抑制橙汁中微生物的生长；正交试验结果表明，当选择0.05 g/kg Nisin、0.1 g/kg山梨酸钾、0.01 g/kg异Vc钠、0.03 g/kg EDTA作为复配型抑菌剂的最佳添加配比时，能显著地抑制橙汁中微生物的生长，第14、17、21 d对菌落总数的抑制率分别达到99.9%、99.9%和99.6%，其抑菌效果显著优于单一防腐剂的抑菌效果。因此，Nisin与三者复合使用时具有协同增效性，该复合防腐剂添加至橙汁中可起到良好的防腐保鲜效果。  相似文献   

大豆对氮素吸收规律的研究     

王立刚  刘景辉  刘克礼  高聚林 《勤云标准版测试》2004,(6)

以北丰-14为供试品种,采用五因素三水平实施方案,系统研究了大豆在不同密度、施肥量处理下,对氮素吸收的规律。结果表明:随着大豆生长发育进程的推进,大豆各器官N素浓度的变化,除籽粒呈上升趋势外,其它各器官均呈下降趋势,且叶片的氮素含量始终高于茎杆和叶柄;最高吸收速率出现在结荚至鼓粒期,其数值为15.17mg/(株·d)。  相似文献   

三华李橘小实蝇诱杀试验初报     

李国平  边全乐  何衍彪  常金梅  梁居林  谢江辉  詹儒林 《植物保护》2011,37(4):170-172

测定了90% “盛唐”饵剂、3% “稳粘”诱粘剂、0.02%多杀霉素饵剂3种食物诱剂和性诱剂不同处理方式对橘小实蝇的诱虫和防治效果。试验结果表明,90% “盛唐”饵剂、3% “稳粘”诱粘剂、0.02%多杀霉素饵剂、性诱剂及对照诱杀橘小实蝇雌虫比率分别为39.7%、36.2%、22.9%、0%、1.2%; 90% “盛唐”饵剂、3% “稳粘”诱粘剂、0.02%多杀霉素饵剂对橘小实蝇相对防治效果分别为87.50%、69.17%、43.33%、25.83%;“盛唐”食物诱剂能较好地控制橘小实蝇的为害。  相似文献   

玉米秸秆聚拢排菌覆土还田机的设计与结构分析     

牛文学  高聚林  赵永来  崔红梅  杨雪頔 《农机化研究》2019,(8):50-57

秸秆还田是一种直接有效的秸秆资源利用方法。为了加快玉米秸秆还田后腐熟进程,充分发挥秸秆降解菌的作用,设计了集秸秆聚拢、排菌、镇压及覆土多功能于一体的玉米秸秆聚拢排菌覆土还田机。阐述了该机具的总体设计方案及结构工作原理,并分析了聚拢装置的运动轨迹,得到了影响秸秆聚拢性能主要因素的偏角和倾角的较优值。该机具有良好的作业稳定性,联合作业的效果满足农艺要求。  相似文献   

水轮机顶盖部分螺栓断裂后剩余螺栓的强度分析     

葛新峰  徐旭  沈明辉  檀林杰  钱巨林  张昌振 《排灌机械工程学报》2019,37(7):600-605

针对水轮发电机组由于顶盖连接螺栓断裂而导致水淹厂房等严重事故的问题,建立了某电站实际顶盖及螺栓的模型并进行有限元分析.基于Ansys,采用有限单元法求解静力学基本方程,计算得到各种工况下螺栓的应力分布;研究了某混流式水轮机顶盖全部螺栓正常工作时的强度,对部分螺栓断裂后剩余螺栓的强度进行了分析,对比了螺栓在断裂数量为1,2,4,8根以及断裂位置为90°对称分布、邻近分布、180°分布时的应力情况.计算结果表明:部分螺栓断裂后,由于偏载和突变,其余螺栓的最大应力值都会升高;螺栓断裂个数越多,断裂螺栓的分布位置越邻近,则其余螺栓强度越不足.当断裂螺栓数量为4根且处于邻近分布位置时,剩余螺栓的最大应力为744.03 MPa,十分接近螺栓材料的极限容许应力744 MPa;当断裂螺栓处于邻近分布位置且数量达到8根时,剩余螺栓的最大应力达776.21 MPa,增幅达19.69%,已远远超过材料极限容许应力,威胁电站安全运行.  相似文献   

Variation in rate of phenological development and morphology between red clover varieties: Implications for clover proportion and feed quality in mixed swards     

Shahid Nadeem  Hvard Steinshamn  Elin Halvorsen Sikkeland  Anne‐Maj Gustavsson  Anne Kjersti Bakken 《Grass and Forage Science》2019,74(3):403-414

Red clover (Trifolium pratense) grown in mixtures with grasses often constitutes a lower proportion of total yield in spring than in summer growth. A more even red clover proportion between the harvests would benefit forage quality and management at feeding. We investigated whether inclusion of early versus late‐maturing red clover varieties could reduce this disproportionality. In a two‐year field trial harvested three times per season, each of six red clover varieties was grown in two grass mixtures. Rate of phenological development did not differ during spring growth, but did so in regrowth after first and second cuts. Here, the earliest varieties constituted the highest proportion. At all harvests, the early varieties had lower crude protein concentrations and a higher content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and indigestible NDF than the late varieties. Clover proportion was higher in swards with a mixture of timothy and meadow fescue than in swards with perennial ryegrass during the first year and lower in the second year. It is concluded that developmental rate should be explored further as a key character for red clover competiveness in spring growth of rapidly elongating grasses.  相似文献   

池塘内循环流水养殖模式对黄颡鱼生长性能、形体指标、血清生化指标及肌肉营养成分的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘梅  宓国强  郭建林  原居林 《动物营养学报》2019,31(4):1704-1717

为了综合评价池塘内循环流水养殖(IPA)模式在黄颡鱼养殖中的应用效果,选取IPA模式、常规池塘养殖(UPA)模式和野生环境(WE)下的黄颡鱼各50尾为研究对象,在养殖322 d后对其生长性能、形体指标、血清生化指标及肌肉营养成分差异进行比较。结果显示:1) IPA组黄颡鱼的成活率显著高于UPA组(P<0.05),但增重率和特定生长率略低于UPA组(P>0.05)。2) IPA组和WE组黄颡鱼的肥满度、肝体指数和脏体指数显著低于UPA组(P <0.05); IPA组的肥满度显著高于WE组(P<0.05),而肝体指数和脏体指数2组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3) IPA组和UPA组血清中总蛋白含量显著低于WE组(P<0.05); IPA组血清中总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、总胆汁酸和总胆固醇含量显著低于UPA组(P<0.05); IPA组血清中γ-谷氨酰基转移酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著高于WE组(P<0.05); IPA组血清中肌酐、葡萄糖含量显著低于UPA组(P<0.05)。4) IPA组和WE组肌肉中粗脂肪含量显著低于UPA组(P<0.05),但粗蛋白质含量显著高于UPA组(P<0.05); IPA组肌肉中氨基酸总量显著高于UPA组(P<0.05),而显著低于WE组(P<0.05); IPA组必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸总量显著高于UPA组(P <0.05); 3组黄颡鱼肌肉中第一限制性氨基酸均为苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸,且IPA组和WE组的必需氨基酸指数显著高于UPA组(P<0.05); IPA组和WE组黄颡鱼肌肉中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)+二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量显著高于UPA组(P<0.05),且饱和脂肪酸总量显著低于UPA组(P<0.05)。由此得出,IPA组黄颡鱼具有较高的成活率,较好的体形,其肌肉营养品质优于UPA组黄颡鱼,且健康状况也优于UPA组黄颡鱼,但仍差于WE组黄颡鱼。因此,应进一步优化IPA的环境条件(如流速因子、养殖密度等)以及人工配合饲料配方以迎合消费者对于黄颡鱼营养和味道的需求。  相似文献   

蒙古韭种子发芽特性初报   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张美莉  高聚林  隋艳杰 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,(1)

试验研究了温度、发芽床对野生蒙古韭种子萌发的影响,蒙古韭种子发芽的适宜温度是２０～２５°Ｃ;蒙古韭种子适宜恒温发芽;在纸床上的发芽速度大于砂床。  相似文献