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The chicken, which is the host for seven species of Eimeria, typically is infected simultaneously by multiple Eimeria species and the oocysts of coccidia are excreted in the feces. A prerequisite for investigation of individual Eimeria species is to isolate a single oocyst from fecal samples. A novel method for isolating a single Eimeria oocyst from poultry litter using a micromanipulator was developed. This simple method is fast and reliable, and provides direct isolation of a single sporulated oocyst from fecal samples harboring multiple Eimeria species or samples contaminated by other species of parasite. 相似文献
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Sung-Kun Yim Kian Kim SangHo Chun TaeHawn Oh WooHuk Jung KyooJin Jung Chul-Ho Yun 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)
Phenolic compounds and carotenoids are potential inhibitors of cytochrome P450s. Sixteen known compounds, phenolic compounds and carotenoids from seaweed were examined for potential inhibitory capacity against CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in silico and in vitro. Morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin inhibited the enzyme activity of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin were 41.8, 22.5, and 30.3 μM for CYP1A2 and 86.6, 16.1, and 24.4 μM for CYP3A4, respectively. Siphonaxanthin and hesperidin did not show any significant effect on CYP1A2, but they slightly inhibited CYP3A4 activity at high concentrations. In silico modeling of CYP’s binding site revealed that the potential inhibitors bound in the cavity located above the distal surface of the heme prosthetic group through the 2a or 2f channel of CYPs. This study presents an approach for quickly predicting CYP inhibitory activity and shows the potential interactions of compounds and CYPs through in silico modeling. 相似文献
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This paper takes a close look at the urban governance and political culture of Macao, the world largest casino city. Macao has experienced spectacular economic growth since gaming liberalisation in 2002 and China's Free Individual Travel scheme launched in 2003. However, the booming gaming sector has crowded out other sectors of Macao. It has not only made the city's economy mono‐structured and consequently extremely vulnerable to external shocks and fluctuations but also induced serious social divisions and political controversies within the local community. By tracing the root cause of the ongoing dilemma and crisis in the mode of governance, the dynamic relationships between formal and informal institutions, consensus politics and the social group culture are intensively discussed in a historical context. In fact, the sustainable development of the former Portuguese colony has largely been hindered by its residents' passive attitudes toward political communication, non‐transparent urban governance, the absence of a middle class and the dominance of pro‐establishment social groups. 相似文献
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Antioxidant Protection of Edible Oils 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Cheung SC Szeto YT Benzie IF 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(1):39-42
The ability of different cooking oils to withstand oxidation was investigated in relation to their native antioxidant capacity
[measured as the Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP) value]. The antiperoxidation effect of the presence of the Chinese
herbs, du-zhong (Cortex Eucommia ulmoides) and ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) in corn oil was also investigated over 26 days’ storage at 55°C. Results showed that sesame oil had the highest FRAP value
(803 μM), followed by canola oil (400 μM), and sunflower, peanut, corn and olive oils (100–153 μM). Oils with higher intrinsic
antioxidant content showed higher resistance to oxidation, although this was not statistically significant. Corn oil to which
was added the herbs du-zhong, ginseng or both had increased resistance to oxidation (conjugated diene level and lipid peroxide
formation) over 26 days. FRAP values of the oil/herb mixtures decreased during this time, implying utilisation of herbal antioxidants.
Results have implications for increasing the shelf-life and usage time of cooking oils by addition of herbs which can increase
resistance of the oil to oxidation. Results have implications also for health, as it is possible that ingestion of these herbs
could increase resistance of polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes and lipoproteins to oxidation within the body. 相似文献
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Bruce A. Rosa Mi-Sung Yim Lee Burdenuk Bruce H. Kjartanson Kam Tin Leung 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,210(1-4):243-254
Little is known about the transport of microorganisms through freeze-fractured clay soils. Normally consolidated clay (NCC) and compacted clay (CC) columns (representing a natural clay barrier and a compacted barrier, respectively) were exposed to six consecutive freeze–thaw cycles and permeated for 21 days with an Escherichia coli cell suspension (approximately 1?×?107 colony forming units (CFU)/mL) containing a 2.1-mM bromide tracer. An unfractured sand column was also examined for comparison with the clay columns. While no E. coli was detected in the effluent of both untreated NCC and CC control clay columns, a relatively low density of E. coli (between 228 and 270 CFU/mL compared to 1?×?107 CFU/mL in the influent) was first detected in the effluent of the freeze-fractured NCC and CC columns at 0.29 and 0.31 pore volumes (or at 5.4 and 4.1 h), respectively. It took 11 min for a full breakthrough of E. coli through the sand column, but only about 0.1% of the influent E. coli density was detected in the effluents of the freeze-fractured NCC and CC columns at day 21. These observations show that despite the high bacterial retention capacity of the freeze-fractured clay columns, the fractures were large enough for the E. coli to flow through. Based on batch sorption tests and the permeation data, it is estimated that 18%, 7%, and 84% of the freeze-fractured NCC, CC, and sand columns would be exposed to the influent, respectively, under a full E. coli breakthrough condition. Our data show that the high bacterial retention capacity of clay barriers can be compromised by freeze–thaw conditions. 相似文献
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Kwon OD Yim CY Jeong KS Jung KY McGregor JR Bastian NR Samlowski WE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(4):357-365
Nitric oxide (NO*) synthesis is induced within many tumors. The timecourse of NO* synthesis was evaluated during intraperitoneal Meth A fibrosarcoma progression. While increasing macrophage recruitment into ascites was noted, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) antigen and function peaked between days 3-6 after tumor implantation. The capacity of cells to respond to LPS and IFNgamma stimulation was markedly depressed on day 9 and 11. Cellular proliferation correlated in an inverse fashion with levels of NO* synthesis. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and nitrotyrosine immunostaining failed to show accumulation of characteristic target cell lesions induced by NO*. These findings lead us to conclude that NO* production was increasingly suppressed during Meth A tumor progression. Depression of NO* production did not correlate with levels of the inhibitory cytokines TGFbeta and IL-10, but could be partially overcome by addition of sepiapterin (a tetrahydrobiopterin prodrug). Thus, depletion of essential co-factors necessary for iNOS function may contribute to depressed NO* responses during cancer progression. 相似文献
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The segregating F2 population from the hybrid between grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), chromosome number doubled, and Johnsongrass (S. halepense)
was examined for expression of rhizomes. A rhizome to non-rhizome segregation ratio of 3:1 was observed suggesting a single
dominant gene regulation in the rhizome phenotype of S. bicolor and S. halepense. Approximately 72% of the F2 population overwintered and regrew from the rhizomes the following spring. When comparing these data with data in the literature,
the rhizome regulating gene in the Sorghum genus may be an incomplete dominant gene requiring a few genes to be expressed
additively that result in different degrees of rhizome development in the Sorghum genus.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Aqueous biphasic electrophoresis system (ABES) incorporates electric fields into the biphasic system to separate the target biomolecules from crude feedstock. Ionic liquid (IL) is regarded as an excellent candidate as the phase-forming components for ABES because of the great electrical conductivity, which can promote the electromigration of biomolecules in ABES, and thereby enhances the separation efficiency of the target biomolecules from crude feedstock. The application of electric fields to the conventional biphasic system expedites the phase settling time of the biphasic system, which eases the subsequent scaling-up steps and reduces the overall processing time of the recovery process. Alkyl sulphate-based IL is a green and economical halide-free surfactant when compared to the other halide-containing IL. The feasibility of halide-free IL-based ABES to recover Kytococcus sedentarius TWHK01 keratinase was studied. Optimum partition coefficient (Ke = 7.53 ± 0.35) and yield (YT = 80.36% ± 0.71) were recorded with IL-ABES comprised of 15.0% (w/w) [EMIM][ESO4], 20.0% (w/w) sodium carbonate and 15% (w/w) crude feedstock. Selectivity (S) of 5.75 ± 0.27 was obtained with the IL-ABES operated at operation time of 5 min with 10 V voltage supplied. Halide-free IL is proven to be a potential phase-forming component of IL-ABES for large-scale recovery of keratinase. 相似文献