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1.
S Navrátil P Forejtek J Raszyk M Stefan M Dvorák M Toulová V Mrva J Canderle 《Veterinární medicína》1983,28(2):73-80
The biochemical profile [levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chlorides and iron, the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, urea, glucose, and vitamins A and E] was studied in the blood serum of 40 anoestrous and 40 control inseminated animals in a production herd with an increased occurrence of anoestrus in gilts. The anoestrous gilts showed significantly lower levels of albumin (P less than 0.01) and glucose (P less than 0.01) and ALP activity (P less than 0.05), and significantly higher concentrations of urea (P less than 0.01), vitamin A (P less than 0.01) and vitamin E (P less than 0.05) and ALT activity (P less than 0.05), as compared with the inseminated controls. An extended enzymatological examination consisting of the evaluation of the activities of ALP, AST, ALT and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GMT) was performed in another set of 22 anoestrous and 20 mated gilts. The anoestrous gilts showed a statistically significant increase in the activities of AST (P less than 0.01), GMT (P less than 0.01) and ALT (P less than 0.05) and an insignificant increase in the activity of ALP in comparison with the control animals. The comparison of the obtained values of the studied biochemical criteria with literary data indicated a lower concentration of magnesium and a higher ALP and ALT activities in the anoestrous and inseminated gilts in both groups under study. A high acidity of fat and a medium to high fungus infestation (Mucor sp., Aspergillus sp.) were found by chemical and mycological examination of the administered feed mixtures. The histological examination of the ovaries of anoestrous animals showed cystically degenerative changes, proliferations of fibrous elements, and partial atrophy of ovarial cortex. It has been inferred from the observations that mycotoxins may be involved in the increase in the occurrence of anoestrus, either by a direct effect on sexual organs or by impairing the function of liver which, secondarily contributes to the rise of ovarial dysfunctions. 相似文献
2.
Grain dormancy in wheat is an important component of resistance to preharvest sprouting and hence an important trait for wheat
breeders. The significant influence of environment on the dormancy phenotype makes this trait an obvious target for marker-assisted-selection.
Closely related breeding lines, SUN325B and QT7475, containing a major dormancy QTL derived from AUS1408 located on chromosome
4A, but substantially different in dormancy phenotype, were compared with a non-dormant cultivar, Hartog, in a range of controlled
environments. As temperature increased, dormancy at harvest-ripeness decreased particularly for QT7475. The dormancy phenotypes
of reciprocal F1 grains involving all possible combinations of Hartog, QT7475 and SUN325B were also compared in two environments with different
temperatures. The results were consistent with the presence of QTL in addition to 4A in SUN325B, compared with QT7475, at
least one of which was associated with the seed coat. Genetic analysis of a doubled haploid population derived from SUN325B × QT7475
identified a highly significant QTL located on chromosome 3BL, close to the expected position of the mutant allele of the
red seed coat colour gene in white-grained wheat, R-B1a. When the lines in the population were grouped according to the parental alleles at marker loci flanking the 3B QTL, the
dormancy phenotype frequency distribution for the SUN325B group was shifted towards greater dormancy compared with the QT7475
group. However, significant variation for dormancy phenotype remained within each group. Lines representing the extremes of
the range of phenotypes within each group maintained their relative ranking across seven environments consistent with the
presence of another unidentified QTL contributing to dormancy in SUN325B. 相似文献
3.
The synthesis of high levels of germination-type (high pI isozymes) α-amylase was induced in wheat genotypes prone to late
maturityα-amylase (LMA) following the exposure of detached tillers to cool temperature during grain development. The detached
tiller method was successfully applied to a range of genotypes and to a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from the cross
Cranbrook (LMA genotype) × Halberd (low amylase). The number of grains in ripe, treated tillers that contained high pI α-amylase
isozymes was measured using an ELISA antibody kit highly specific for high pI isozymes. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling
the expression of LMA in wheat were detected in DH population Cranbrook × Halberd. The DH population and parents were sown
in 2 replicated sowings at the same location with sowing times differing by 2 weeks. QTL analyses were conducted separately
for each sowing, but results from both sowings were consistent and indicated a highly significant (it p > 0.01) QTL on the long arm of chromosome7B, with Cranbrook contributing the higher value allele. A second QTL with less
significant effect was found on the long arm of chromosome 3B, on the basis of data from the first sowing.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Summary Two wheat cultivars, Spica and Lerma 52, which consistently produce high levels of -amylase during the later stages of grain development (late maturity -amylase), were crossed with a set of four near-isogenic lines carrying the tall (rht) allele or one of the dwarfing genes Rht1, Rht2 or Rht3 (GA-insensitive alleles). The F1 and F2 populations were developed and analysed for grain -amylase and plant height. The Rht3 gene exhibited the strongest influence on plant height and strongly inhibited new -amylase synthesis during the later part of grain ripening. By comparison, Rht1 and Rht2 had a less pronounced effect but still significantly reduced the expression of late maturity -amylase. These observations suggest that gibberellic acid is involved either directly or indirectly in this phenomenon. The implications of the effect of dwarfing genes on expression of late maturity -amylase are discussed in relation to cultivar improvement and to the identification and control of high -amylase germplasm. 相似文献
5.
Late maturity α-amylase (LMA), or prematurity α-amylase (PMAA) as it has been termed in the UK, in wheat involves the untimely synthesis of high pI α-amylase during the middle to later stages of grain development and ripening. The enzyme activity is retained in the grain at harvest ripeness, resulting in low falling number and failure to meet receival standards and customer specifications. This phenomenon, which is restricted to specific genotypes, appears to be controlled by 1 or 2 recessive genes acting alone or in combination and in most cases appears to be triggered by a temperature shock. This shock is only effective if it occurs during a window of sensitivity around 25–30 days postanthesis. Expression of LMA is reduced in the presence of dwarfing genes such as Rht1, Rht2 and Rht3 that confer insensitivity to gibberellin. Screening technologies, including molecular markers and high pI-specific ELISA, have been developed to assist wheat breeders and will be required to meet new challenges posed by novel germplasm such as primary synthetic wheats. 相似文献
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7.
Summary Two wheat cultivars that consistently show high levels of grain -amylase at harvest ripeness, in the absence of preharvest sprouting, were crossed with a control, low -amylase cultivar, and F1, F2 and BC1 populations were developed. Grain of these populations was analysed for -amylase activity at harvest ripeness. Distribution and segregation patterns were consistent with control at a single locus with high -amylase the recessive allele. This mode of inheritance would make it extremely difficult to differentiate homozygous low -amylase lines from heterozygotes (low -amylase phenotype but carriers of high -amylase) and has important implications for wheat breeders. High -amylase, termed late maturity -amylase, was not linked with the awned inhibitor gene, B2, located on the long arm of chromsome 6B. 相似文献
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Volume Contents
Contents Volume 126 2002 相似文献10.
Volker Mohler Theresa Albrecht Kolumbina Mrva Günther Schweizer Lorenz Hartl 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(4):448-453
The objective of the present study was to analyse the genetic basis of falling number in three winter wheat populations. Samples for falling number determination for each population originated from at least three test environments that were free from the occurrence of preharvest sprouting at harvest time. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis employing falling number values from single environments identified eight, five and three QTL in the populations Dream/Lynx, Bussard/W332‐84 and BAUB469511/Format, respectively. A major QTL common to all three populations and consistently detected in each environment mapped to the long arm of chromosome 7B. The QTL was located to a similar genomic region as the previously described major QTL for high‐isoelectric point α‐amylase content. The T1BL.1RS wheat‐rye translocation and the dwarfing gene Rht‐D1 segregating in Dream/Lynx and BAUB469511/Format were found to be important factors of falling number variation. In both populations, the presence of Rht‐D1b or the absence of T1BL.1RS increased falling number. The results indicate that late maturity α‐amylase, responsible for low falling numbers, has now been documented in German wheat germplasm. 相似文献