Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis Prevents Oxidative Stress on Human Endothelial Cells without Toxicity     

Philippe Régnier  Jorge Bastias  Violeta Rodriguez-Ruiz  Noelia Caballero-Casero  Carmen Caballo  Dolores Sicilia  Axelle Fuentes  Murielle Maire  Michel Crepin  Didier Letourneur  Virginie Gueguen  Soledad Rubio  Graciela Pavon-Djavid 《Marine drugs》2015,13(5):2857-2874

Astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant, is a good candidate for the prevention of intracellular oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to compare the antioxidant activity of astaxanthin present in two natural extracts from Haematococcus pluvialis, a microalgae strain, with that of synthetic astaxanthin. Natural extracts were obtained either by solvent or supercritical extraction methods. UV, HPLC-DAD and (HPLC-(atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)+)/ion trap-MS) characterizations of both natural extracts showed similar compositions of carotenoids, but different percentages in free astaxanthin and its ester derivatives. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay showed that natural extracts containing esters displayed stronger antioxidant activities than free astaxanthin. Their antioxidant capacities to inhibit intracellular oxidative stress were then evaluated on HUVEC cells. The intracellular antioxidant activity in natural extracts was approximately 90-times higher than synthetic astaxanthin (5 µM). No modification, neither in the morphology nor in the viability, of vascular human cells was observed by in vitro biocompatibility study up to 10 µM astaxanthin concentrations. Therefore, these results revealed the therapeutic potential of the natural extracts in vascular human cell protection against oxidative stress without toxicity, which could be exploited in prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases.  相似文献   

Selection for ovulation rate in rabbits     

Noelia Ibez  María Antonía Santacreu  Maria Martinez  Agueda Climent  Agustín Blasco 《Livestock Science》2006,101(1-3):126-133

An experiment of selection for ovulation rate was carried out. Animals were derived from a synthetic line first selected 12 generations for litter size, then 10 generations for uterine capacity. Selection was relaxed for 6 generations. Selection was based on the phenotypic value of ovulation rate with a selection pressure on does of 30%. Males were selected from litters of does with the highest ovulation rate. Males were selected within sire families in order to reduce inbreeding. Ovulation rate was measured in the second gestation by a laparoscopy, 12 days after mating. Each generation had about 80 females and 20 males. Results of three generations of selection were analyzed using Bayesian methods. Marginal posterior distributions of all unknowns were estimated by Gibbs sampling. Heritabilities of ovulation rate (OR), number of implanted embryos (IE), litter size (LS), embryo survival (ES), fetal survival (FS), and prenatal survival (PS) were 0.44, 0.32, 0.11, 0.26, 0.35, and 0.14, respectively. Genetic correlation between OR and LS was 0.56, indicating that selection for ovulation rate can augment litter size. Response to selection for OR was 1.80 ova. Correlated responses in IE and LS were 1.44 and 0.49, respectively. Selection for ovulation rate may be an alternative to improve litter size.  相似文献   

Alternatives in Donkey semen cryopreservation: Mare vs. Jenny Colostrum     

Cristina lvarez  Noelia Gonzlez  Victoria Luo  Felisa Martínez  Lydia Gil 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(Z4):94-97

The aim of this study was to test and compare two new components in extenders for freezing donkey semen: mare colostrum and jenny colostrum. Colostrum was obtained from four mares and four jennies right after the foal's birth. Ejaculates were collected from five fertile donkeys. Sperm samples were pooled, diluted and cryopreserved in three different experimental extender groups: lactose supplemented with egg yolk extender (20%) as the control group, lactose supplemented with jenny colostrum extender (20%), and lactose supplemented with mare colostrum extender (20%). After thawing, we evaluated the sperm motility by means of computer‐assisted analysis, viability by SYBR‐14 and propidium iodide (PI), membrane functional by HOS test and acrosome integrity by isothiocyanate conjugated with peanut agglutinin (FITC‐PNA) and PI. The results demonstrated that lactose–jenny colostrum extender displayed significantly higher values (p < .05) in nearly all parameters evaluated – Total Motility, Viability, HOS test, VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR and WOB –, compared with mare colostrum and egg yolk extenders after thawing. In conclusion, the extender containing jenny colostrum used for donkey semen cryopreservation improved the donkey sperm quality after the freezing–thawing process.  相似文献   

Ultrasound-Assisted Water Extraction of Mastocarpus stellatus Carrageenan with Adequate Mechanical and Antiproliferative Properties     

Maria Dolores Torres  Noelia Flrez-Fernndez  Herminia Dominguez 《Marine drugs》2021,19(5)

Ultrasound-assisted water extraction was optimized to recover gelling biopolymers and antioxidant compounds from Mastocarpus stellatus. A set of experiments following a Box–Behnken design was proposed to study the influence of extraction time, solid liquid ratio, and ultrasound amplitude on the yield, sulfate content, and thermo-rheological properties (viscoelasticity and gelling temperature) of the carrageenan fraction, as well as the composition (protein and phenolic content) and antiradical capacity of the soluble extracts. Operating at 80 °C and 80 kHz, the models predicted a compromise optimum extraction conditions at ~35 min, solid liquid ratio of ~2 g/100 g, and ultrasound amplitude of ~79%. Under these conditions, 40.3% carrageenan yield was attained and this product presented 46% sulfate and good mechanical properties, a viscoelastic modulus of 741.4 Pa, with the lowest gelling temperatures of 39.4 °C. The carrageenans also exhibited promising antiproliferative properties on selected human cancer cellular lines, A-549, A-2780, HeLa 229, and HT-29 with EC₅₀ under 51.9 μg/mL. The dried soluble extract contained 20.4 mg protein/g, 11.3 mg gallic acid eq/g, and the antiradical potency was equivalent to 59 mg Trolox/g.  相似文献   

Mycotoxin Identification and In Silico Toxicity Assessment Prediction in Atlantic Salmon     

Josefa Tolosa  Francisco J. Barba  Noelia Pallars  Emilia Ferrer 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

The present study aimed to identify mycotoxins in edible tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). After using a non-targeted screening approach and a home-made spectral library, 233 mycotoxins were analyzed. Moreover, the occurrence of mycotoxins in fish filets was evaluated, and their potential toxicity was predicted by in silico methods. According to the obtained results, forty mycotoxins were identified in analyzed salmon samples, the predominant mycotoxins being enniatins (also rugulosin and 17 ophiobolins), commonly found in cereals and their by-products. Thus, mycotoxin carry-over can occur from feed to organs and edible tissues of cultivated fish. Moreover, the toxicity of detected mycotoxins was predicted by the in silico webserver ProTox-II, highlighting that special attention must be paid to some less reported mycotoxins due to their toxic predicted properties.  相似文献   

Effects of cropping systems under no‐till agriculture on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Argentinean Pampas          下载免费PDF全文

M. Noelia Cofré  A. E. Ferrari  A. Becerra  L. Domínguez  L. G. Wall  C. Urcelay 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(2):364-378

Here, we compare arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities and fatty acids in soils under different no‐till (NT) agricultural managements over two seasons in two consecutive years. Two NT practices with different agricultural managements were compared: crop rotation (CR) and soya bean monoculture (MC). Soils of natural grasslands (NGs) were used as a reference. Treatments were tested along a regional gradient (four geographical locations) across a 400‐km transect of the Argentinean Pampas. We identified 46 morphospecies. Several morphospecies occurred abundantly at all soils; others appeared to be restricted to specific situations. At the regional scale, CR maintained the same richness levels of AMF spores, whereas MC showed less richness, when compared with the NG. Although AMF spore density was clearly affected by cropping practices in the four locations, we could observe some changes in AMF species richness, and similar diversity under agricultural and natural soils. Fatty acid concentrations (whole‐cell, phospholipid and neutral lipid fatty acids) revealed differences between soil managements and showed similar patterns of variation in all locations. Spore density positively correlated with all soil lipids fractions. The results suggest that AMF spore communities and fatty acids in soils are suitable indicators of soil management involving different levels of crop rotation. Spore richness measured at a regional scale proved to be sensitive to different NT agricultural managements. Moreover, certain morphospecies could be good bioindicators for NT practices based on cropping systems on the Argentinean Pampas.  相似文献   

Effect of a genetic polymorphism in SREBP1 on fatty acid composition and related gene expression in subcutaneous fat tissue of beef cattle breeds     

David Gamarra  Noelia Aldai  Aisaku Arakawa  Marian M. de Pancorbo  Masaaki Taniguchi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13521

Sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 (SREBP1) plays an important role in the lipogenesis which affects fatty acid (FA) composition in backfat and consequently influences beef nutritional quality. This study analyzed the association of 84 bp-indel, both short (S) and long (L) alleles in intron 5 of SREBP1, with FA composition and gene expression of SREBP1 in backfat of northern Spanish beef breeds (Pirenaica, Salers and Holstein-Friesian). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that 84 bp-indel of ruminants is a highly conserved region compared with those in the full-length sequence of intron 5 or mRNA of SREBP1 among species. Overall, higher content of polyunsaturated FAs was observed in SL genotype compared to LL genotype of 84 bp-Indel (p < .05). In particular, in Pirenaica, SL genotype was associated with a higher content of stearic (18:0), α-linolenic (18:3n-3) acid, and total n-3 content (p < .05). However, the gene expression of SREBP1 did not differ among genotypes of 84 bp-Indel (p > .05).  相似文献   

Cell wall polysaccharides of near-isogenic lines of melon (Cucumis melo L.) and their inbred parentals which show differential flesh firmness or physiological behavior     

Dos-Santos N  Jimenez-Araujo A  Rodriguez-Arcos R  Fernandez-Trujillo JP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(14):7773-7784

We characterized differences in cell wall material and polysaccharide structures, due to the quantitative trait loci associated with higher flesh firmness in a nonclimacteric near-isogenic line (NIL) SC7-2, and with the climacteric behavior of the NIL SC3-5-1, using their nonclimacteric inbred parentals, "Piel de Sapo" (PS) and PI 161375 (SC). PS was firmer and had a higher ripening index and greater hemicellulosic content than SC, with its lower wall material yield, and uronic acid, neutral sugar, cellulose and free sugar content and higher pectic content. SC3-5-1 showed lower uronic acid values, a higher soluble solid content, and similar flesh firmness to PS. SC3-5-1 yielded mainly high molecular weight polysaccharides in the imidazole-soluble fraction than PS. SC7-2 showed greater flesh firmness, a higher neutral sugar (especially galactose and mannose) and uronic acid content, together with a larger cellulose and α-cellulose residue than PS. SC7-2 also contained more polysaccharides of low molecular weight in the first pectic fraction and shifted toward higher molecular weights in the main peak of the 4 M potassium-soluble fraction compared with PS.  相似文献   

Dissipation of bacterially derived C and N through the meso- and macrofauna of a grassland soil     

Philip J. Murray  Christopher D. Clegg  Noelia de la Fuente Martinez  Rod P. Blackshaw 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1146-1484

Feeding relationships between organisms may be determined by observations of behaviour in manipulative experiments or, as in more recent times, by the use of stable isotope labelling to trace the passage of ¹³C and ¹⁵N through food webs. Here we introduce living bacteria, labelled with both ¹³C and ¹⁵N into intact soil cores to understand further the movement of bacterially sourced C and N into the meso- and macrofauna of a grassland soil. We found that these groups showed a range of isotope levels which relate to their feeding strategies. Some had no label (e.g. dipterous larvae), whilst others were highly labelled which may indicate a preference for the added bacteria. This latter group included Collembola, generally perceived as being predominantly fungal feeders. This work describes a novel technique which has the potential to provide critical information about the dissipation of bacterially derived C and N through the soil food web.  相似文献   

Time course of the evolution of malic and lactic acids in the alcoholic and malolactic fermentation of grape must by quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR) spectroscopy     

Avenoza A  Busto JH  Canal N  Peregrina JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(13):4715-4720

Quantitative NMR can be used to monitor several processes that take place in the transformation of the must of wine grapes. The study described here focused attention on monitoring of the malic and lactic acid levels during the alcoholic and malolactic fermentation processes. The method allows the simultaneous quantification of both acids through a range of 1-3.2 mmol/L. The effectiveness of each process was assessed and compared by carrying out precise analyses using enzymatic methods.  相似文献