Quantifying and simulating carbon and nitrogen mineralization from diverse exogenous organic matters     

Florent Levavasseur  Gwenaelle Lashermes  Bruno Mary  Thierry Morvan  Bernard Nicolardot  Virginie Parnaudeau  Laurent Thuriès  Sabine Houot 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):411-425

The potential contributions of exogenous organic matters (EOMs) to soil organic C and mineral N supply depend on their C and N mineralization, which can be assessed in laboratory incubations. Such incubations are essential to calibrate decomposition models, because not all EOMs can be tested in the field. However, EOM incubations are resource-intensive. Therefore, easily measurable EOM characteristics that can be useful to predict EOM behaviour are needed. We quantified C and N mineralization during the incubation of 663 EOMs from five groups (animal manures, composts, sewage sludges, digestates and others). This represents one of the largest and diversified set of EOM incubations. The C and N mineralization varied widely between and within EOM subgroups. We simulated C and N mineralization with a simple generic decomposition model. Three calibration methods were compared. Individual EOM calibration of the model yielded good model performances, while the use of a unique parameter set per EOM subgroup decreased the model performance, and the use of two EOM characteristics to estimate model parameters gave an intermediate model performance (average RMSE-C values of 32, 99 and 65 mg C g⁻¹ added C and average RMSE-N values of 50, 126 and 110 mg N g⁻¹ added N, respectively). Because of the EOM variability, individual EOM calibration based on incubation remains the recommended method for predicting most accurately the C and N mineralization of EOMs. However, the two alternative calibration methods are sufficient for the simulation of EOMs without incubation data to obtain reasonable model performances.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial potential of egg yolk ovoinhibitor, a multidomain Kazal-like inhibitor of chicken egg     

Bourin M  Gautron J  Berges M  Attucci S  Le Blay G  Labas V  Nys Y  Rehault-Godbert S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(23):12368-12374

Chicken egg ovoinhibitor is a multidomain Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor with unknown function. Comparison of expression between different tissues indicated that ovoinhibitor is highly expressed in the magnum and liver followed by the uterus, which secrete egg white, egg yolk, and eggshell precursors, respectively. The results also revealed that ovoinhibitor expression is increased in the liver during sexual maturation followed by a subsequent decrease in mature hens. Ovoinhibitor was purified from the egg yolk plasma from nonfertilized eggs using two consecutive affinity chromatographies and gel filtration. Purified egg yolk ovoinhibitor was shown to inhibit trypsin and subtilisin. It was shown that purified egg yolk ovoinhibitor exhibited antimicrobial activities against Bacillus thuringiensis . The results suggest that this anti-protease plays a significant role in antibacterial egg defense against Bacillus spp., preventing contamination of table eggs (nonfertilized eggs) and protecting the chick embryo (fertilized eggs).  相似文献   

Anticancer Effects of Different Seaweeds on Human Colon and Breast Cancers     

Ghislain Moussavou  Dong Hoon Kwak  Brice Wilfried Obiang-Obonou  Cyr Abel Ogandaga Maranguy  Sylvatrie-Danne Dinzouna-Boutamba  Dae Hoon Lee  Ordelia Gwenaelle Manvoudou Pissibanganga  Kisung Ko  Jae In Seo  Young Kug Choo 《Marine drugs》2014,12(9):4898-4911

Seafoods and seaweeds represent some of the most important reservoirs of new therapeutic compounds for humans. Seaweed has been shown to have several biological activities, including anticancer activity. This review focuses on colorectal and breast cancers, which are major causes of cancer-related mortality in men and women. It also describes various compounds extracted from a range of seaweeds that have been shown to eradicate or slow the progression of cancer. Fucoidan extracted from the brown algae Fucus spp. has shown activity against both colorectal and breast cancers. Furthermore, we review the mechanisms through which these compounds can induce apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. By considering the ability of compounds present in seaweeds to act against colorectal and breast cancers, this review highlights the potential use of seaweeds as anticancer agents.  相似文献   

Spectroscopic analysis of diversity of Arabinoxylan structures in endosperm cell walls of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) in the HEALTHGRAIN diversity collection     

Toole GA  Le Gall G  Colquhoun IJ  Johnson P  Bedo Z  Saulnier L  Shewry PR  Mills EN 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):7075-7082

Fifty bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were selected from the HEALTHGRAIN germplasm collection based on variation in their contents of total and water-extractable arabinoxylan. FT-IR spectroscopic mapping of thin transverse sections of grain showed variation in cell wall arabinoxylan composition between the cultivars, from consisting almost entirely of low-substituted arabinoxylan (e.g., T.aestivum 'Claire') to almost entirely of highly substituted arabinoxylan (e.g., T.aestivum 'Manital') and a mixture of the two forms (e.g., T.aestivum 'Hereward'). Complementary data were obtained using endoxylanase digestion of flour followed by HP-AEC analysis of the arabinoxylan oligosaccharides. This allowed the selection of six cultivars for more detailed analysis using FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy to determine the proportions of mono-, di-, and unsubstituted xylose residues. The results of the two analyses were consistent, showing that variation in the composition and structure of the endosperm cell wall arabinoxylan is present between bread wheat cultivars. The heterogeneity and spatial distribution of the arabinoxylan in endosperm cell walls may be exploited in wheat processing as it may allow the production of mill streams enriched in various arabinoxylan fractions which have beneficial effects on health.  相似文献   

Isolation of microsatellites from an enriched genomic library of the plant-parasitic nematode <Emphasis Type="Italic">Meloidogyne incognita</Emphasis> and their detection in other root-knot nematode species     

Karine Mulet  Mireille Fargette  Myriam Richaud  Gwenaelle Genson  Philippe Castagnone-Sereno 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(4):501-505

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is a polyphagous pest distributed from temperate to tropical regions. However, the lack of suitable markers leads to a poor knowledge of its population genetic structure and colonization process. Here we describe the first characterization of 15 microsatellite loci from this nematode, that were developed from an enriched genomic library. Although the variability of these microsatellites was generally low, three of them exhibited a significant level of intrapopulation polymorphism, with three to seven alleles detected. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.025 to 0.385 and from 0.024 to 0.779, respectively. Thus, these new microsatellite markers have potential value for the implementation of genotyping experiments in this nematode. Furthermore, successful cross-amplification of the variable microsatellite loci in seven other Meloidogyne species provides the opportunity of using these markers for population genetic studies in these damaging plant-parasitic nematodes.  相似文献   

AFLP markers reveal two genetic groups in the French population of the grapevine fungal pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</Emphasis>     

Gwenaelle Comont  Marie-France Corio-Costet  Philippe Larignon  François Delmotte 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(4):451-464

Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, (Chaetothyriales, Herpotrichiellaceae) is one of the main causal agents of Petri disease and esca on grapevines. We have used AFLP markers to study the population genetic structure of 74 isolates collected at different spatial scales: 56 isolates originated from vines with esca disease sampled from four French vineyards (Poitou-Charentes, Aquitaine, Languedoc-Roussillon, Alsace); 18 isolates were collected from a single plot (Aquitaine vineyard). Significant linkage disequilibrium indicated that P. chlamydospora populations are not panmictic, whereas the level of haplotypic diversity observed, 72 single multilocus haplotypes identified in total among the 74 isolates analysed, suggest that reproduction in this species may not be strictly clonal. Clustering analyses suggests the presence of two genetically differentiated but sympatric clusters of isolates. The level of differentiation between the two clusters is high (F _ST = 0.23) and significant at 13 out of the 21 loci analyzed. The most plausible explanation for this pattern of admixture is the coexistence in P. chlamydospora French populations of two predominant clonal lineages. Finally, the low level of spatial genetic differentiation in this study is consistent with the spread of this fungus through the transport of infected plant material by human activities.  相似文献