Selecting the hologenome to breed for an improved feed efficiency in pigs—A novel selection index     

Ramona Weishaar  Robin Wellmann  Amelia Camarinha-Silva  Markus Rodehutscord  Jörn Bennewitz 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(1):14-22

Most traits in animal breeding, including feed efficiency traits in pigs, are affected by many genes with small effect and have a moderately high heritability between 0.1 and 0.5, which enables efficient selection. Since the microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract is also partly heritable and was shown to have a substantial effect on feed efficiency, the host genes affect the phenotype not only directly by altering metabolic pathways, but also indirectly by changing the microbiota composition. The effect of the microbiota composition on the breeding value of an animal is the conditional expectation of its breeding value, given the vector with microbiota frequencies, that is The breeding value of an animal can therefore be decomposed into a heritable contribution that arises from an altered microbiota composition and a heritable contribution that arises from altered metabolic pathways within the animal, so Instead of selecting for breeding value , an index comprising the two components and with appropriate weights, that is , can be used. The present study shows how this breeding strategy can be applied in pig genomic selection breeding scheme for two feed efficiency traits and daily gain.  相似文献   

Improvement of mass screening for the demonstration of Streptococcus agalactiae and cell content in milk     

S Haasmann  D Thieme 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1969,23(2):329-332

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Detection of early stages of Myxobolus cerebralis in fin clips from rainbow trout (Orynchus mykiss).     

Ramona T Skirpstunas  John M Hergert  Thomas J Baldwin 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(3):274-277

A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect early stages of Myxobolus cerebralis in caudal and adipose fin samples from rainbow trout (RT). To determine sensitivity, groups of 10 RT were exposed to 2,000 M. cerebralis triactinomyxons/fish for 1 hour at 15 degrees C and subsequently moved to clean recirculating water. Fish were held for 2 and 6 hours and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 30, and 60 days before sampling by nonlethal fin biopsy. Nested PCR performed on fin clips showed that M. cerebralis DNA was detected in caudal fin tissue in 100% of fish up to 5 days postexposure. At days 7 and 10 postexposure, 80% of fish were positive, and at 60 days postexposure, 60% of fish were positive using this technique. Conversely, testing on adipose fin clips proved less sensitive, as positive fish dropped from 80% at day 7 to below 20% at day 10 postinfection. Since detection of M. cerebralis infection using caudal fin samples coupled with nested PCR is an effective method for detection of early parasite stages, use of this technique provides for accurate, nonlethal testing.  相似文献   

Composition of lymphocyte subpopulations in normal canine lymph nodes          下载免费PDF全文

Barbara C. Rütgen  Ramona König  Sabine E. Hammer  Sandra Groiss  Armin Saalmüller  Ilse Schwendenwein 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2015,44(1):58-69

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麦蚜取食行为特殊刺探电位波形图(EPG)研究初报   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡想顺  赵惠燕  Udo.Heimbach  Thomas Thieme  李东鸿  胡祖庆  张宇红 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,31(Z1):22-24

研究了麦长管蚜(Sitobionavenae.Fab.)、禾谷缢管蚜(RhopalosiphumPadi)在不同小麦上的刺探行为,发现了一些特殊的刺探电位波形(EPG),即点G波,E0波和两种F波,并就其可能的生物学意义进行了探讨。初步认为,点G波是蚜虫在刺探途径阶段(C波阶段)的试探性主动吸食过程;E0波是蚜虫口针即将到达韧皮部时短暂的判断、休息和适应过程;一种F波是蚜虫在木质部主动吸食受阻的一种过渡波;另一种F波与蚜虫口针在植物组织中遇阻后的重复回撤与刺探行为有关。结果表明,EPG波形不仅有其稳定性,同时也有其多样性。  相似文献   

Speciation of sulphur in soils and soil particles by X-ray spectromicroscopy   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

J. Prietzel  J. Thieme  U. Neuhäusler  J. Susini  & I. Kögel-Knabner 《European Journal of Soil Science》2003,54(2):423-433

Current wet chemical methods for the speciation of sulphur (S) in soils are inaccurate and do not allow one to assess the S speciation of individual soil particles and colloids. X-ray microscopy and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine structure Spectroscopy (NEXAFS) can be used to study individual species of S at the K-adsorption edge. We have used these techniques to identify and quantify S species in bulk soil, soil particles and colloids from Oh and Bh horizons of two forested Podzols. The partitioning of soil sulphur as determined on bulk samples of the Oh horizons by X-ray spectromicroscopy agreed fairly well with the results of a conventional S speciation for the soil at Schluchsee, and reasonably well for that at Rotherdbach. The NEXAFS analyses on individual soil particles revealed that they are richer in reduced organic sulphur than the bulk soil for the Schluchsee Oh and richer in sulphate for Rotherdbach Oh. The techniques can be used reliably to separate and quantify sulphur species with different oxidation states in the soil. The combination of X-ray transmission and sulphur fluorescence images with unfocused and focused NEXAFS spectra at the K-adsorption edge of sulphur at specific microsites allowed us to compare the distribution of S species in bulk soil with that of distinct soil particles and soil colloids. Moreover, we can use it to assess the spatial distribution of different S species on soil particles on a scale of a few hundred nanometres.  相似文献   

Screening of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for their contents of flavonol O- and xanthone C-glycosides, anthocyanins, and pectin     

Berardini N  Fezer R  Conrad J  Beifuss U  Carle R  Schieber A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(5):1563-1570

With respect to their browning potential and in consideration of a combined recovery of pectin and phenolic compounds, peels of 14 cultivars and the flesh of nine cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits were analyzed for their contents of flavonol O- and xanthone C-glycosides by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). While total amounts of up to 4860 mg/kg dry matter demonstrated the peels to be a rich source of phenolic compounds, only traces could be detected in the flesh. The profile of flavonol glycosides of the peels proved to be highly characteristic and may therefore serve as a tool for authenticity control of mango puree concentrate, which is often produced from unpeeled fruits and represents an important intermediate for the production of mango nectars. Two compounds were isolated by preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of ESI-MS as well as NMR spectroscopy, establishing the two compounds as rhamnetin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside and rhamnetin 3-O-beta-glucopyranoside, respectively. In the peels of red-colored cultivars, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside and an anthocyanidin hexoside so far not reported in mango could tentatively be identified. The contents and degrees of esterification of pectins extracted from the lyophilized peels ranged from 12.2 to 21.2% and from 56.3 to 65.6%, respectively, suggesting mango peels also as a promising source of high-quality pectin.  相似文献   

Somaclonal variation in tuber traits of potato     

Ramona Thieme  Helmut Griess 《Potato Research》2005,48(3-4):153-165

Summary About 13,000 somaclones of 17 cultivars and clones of potato were obtained from in vitro callus cultures and individually planted in a greenhouse, followed by tuber generations grown in the field. These plants were subjected to the multistage selection procedure commonly used in potato breeding. Over a period of five years and three field generations the tuber number, size, shape, eye depth, starch content, starch yield and tuber appearance of these somaclones were assessed and compared with that of the controls. These characters varied depending on donor genotype and trait. The frequency of variants was assessed and there were acceptable proportions of desirable abberrants and invariants among the somaclones. Depending on trait the average gain rate for all donor genotypes ranged between 0.2 and 2.3% for-deviants, between 12.2 and 15.5% for invariants and between 0.1–1.4% for +deviants. It is concluded that this technique should be used into potato breeding programmes to improve commercially important characteristics of specific cultivars and breeding clones.  相似文献   

Candida pseudotropicalis as microorganism of enzootic mastitis     

G B?lck  W Kuhlmann  D Thieme 《Monatshefte für Veterin?rmedizin》1967,22(7):289-292

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What is your diagnosis? Small intestinal obstruction     

D A Thieme 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1988,193(1):111-112

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