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1.
Plantlets were obtained from usually dormant axillary buds, excised from the crown of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) and grown in culture. Multiple shoots arose from single buds grown on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with auxins and kinetin. Shaking culture-flasks during growth increased the number of multiple shoots formed, when compared with stationary liquid cultures. Leaf explants excised from in vitro plantlets developed into a callus capable of plantlet regeneration. Subjecting developing buds to surgical segmentation also resulted in multiple shoot formation. Such shoots, when excised and grown on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with auxins, developed roots and grew into complete plantlets capable of being grown in soil. 相似文献
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Objective The aims of this study were (1) to determine the efficacy of adeno‐associated vector serotype 5 (AAV5) for delivering gene therapy to canine corneal fibroblasts (CCFs) and myofibroblasts (CCMs) using enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene and (2) to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AAV5 to CCFs and CCMs using an in vitro model. Methods Healthy donor canine corneas were used to generate primary CCFs by growing cultures in minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Canine corneal myofibroblasts were produced by growing cultures in serum‐free medium containing transforming growth factor β1 (1 ng/mL). An AAV5 titer (6.5 × 1012 μg/mL) expressing GFP under control of hybrid cytomegalovirus + chicken β‐actin promoters (AAV5‐gfp) was used to transduce CCF and CCM cultures. Delivered gene expression in CCFs and CCMs was quantified using immunocytochemistry, fluorescent microscopy, and real‐time PCR. Transduction efficacy of the AAV5 vector was determined by counting DAPI‐stained nuclei and EGFP‐positive cells in culture. Phase‐contrast microscopy, trypan blue, and dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were used to determine the toxicity and safety of AAV5 in this canine corneal model. Results Topical AAV5 application successfully transduced a significant population of CCFs (42.8%; P < 0.01) and CCMs (28%; P < 0.01). Tested AAV5 did not affect CCF or CCM phenotype or cellular viability and did not cause significant cell death. Conclusions The tested AAV5 is an effective and safe vector for canine corneal gene therapy in this in vitro model. In vivo studies are warranted. 相似文献
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Callus cultures were established from the basal region of in vitro-obtained shoot buds on MS medium supplemented with CH + CW + NAA. Such callus cultures, when grown on MS medium devoid of any growth regulators, regenerated shoot buds and optimum regeneration was obtained on MS + CW (5% v/v) medium. Addition of BA did not enhance shoot bud regeneration, but two variants (albino types) were observed among the BA-induced regenerants. The callus-regenerated shoot buds produced multiple shoots when transferred to MS + NAA + IBA + K medium. The plantlets were induced to root on a modified White's medium + NAA + IBA and subsequently transferred to soil. 相似文献
4.
Binne Zwanenburg Alinanuswe S Mwakaboko Chinnaswamy Kannan 《Pest management science》2016,72(11):2016-2025
Parasitic weeds of the genera Striga and Orobanche spp. cause severe yield losses in agriculture, especially in developing countries and the Mediterranean. Seeds of these weeds germinate by a chemical signal exuded by the roots of host plants. The radicle thus produced attaches to the root of the host plant, which can then supply nutrients to the parasite. There is an urgent need to control these weeds to ensure better agricultural production. The naturally occurring chemical signals are strigolactones (SLs), e.g. strigol and orobanchol. One option to control these weeds involves the use of SLs as suicidal germination agents, where germination takes place in the absence of a host. Owing to the lack of nutrients, the germinated seeds will die. The structure of natural SLs is too complex to allow multigram synthesis. Therefore, SL analogues are developed for this purpose. Examples are GR24 and Nijmegen‐1. In this paper, the SL analogues Nijmegen‐1 and Nijmegen‐1 Me were applied in the field as suicidal germination agents. Both SL analogues were formulated using an appropriate EC‐approved emulsifier (polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate) and applied to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) fields infested by Orobanche ramosa L. (hemp broomrape), following a strict protocol. Four out of 12 trials showed a reduction in broomrape of ≥95%, two trials were negative, two showed a moderate result, one was unclear and in three cases there was no Orobanche problem in the year of the trials. The trial plots were ca 2000 m2; half of that area was treated with stimulant emulsion, the other half was not treated. The optimal amount of stimulant was 6.25 g ha?1. A preconditioning prior to the treatment was a prerequisite for a successful trial. In conclusion, the suicidal germination approach to reducing O. ramosa in tobacco fields using formulated SL analogues was successful. Two other options for weed control are discussed: deactivation of stimulants prior to action and biocontrol by Fusarium oxysporum. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Gupta R Yarnall BW Giuliano EA Kanwar JR Buss DG Mohan RR 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2011,14(5):304-312
Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mitomycin C (MMC) in prevention of canine corneal scarring. Methods With an in vitro approach using healthy canine corneas, cultures of primary canine corneal fibroblasts or myofibroblasts were generated. Primary canine corneal fibroblasts were obtained by growing corneal buttons in minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Canine corneal myofibroblasts were produced by growing cultures in serum‐free medium containing transforming growth factor β1 (1 ng/mL). Trypan blue assay and phase‐contrast microscopy were used to evaluate the toxicity of three doses of MMC (0.002%, 0.02% and 0.04%). Real‐time PCR, immunoblot, and immunocytochemistry techniques were used to determine MMC efficacy to inhibit markers of canine corneal scarring. Results A single 2‐min treatment of 0.02% or less MMC did not alter canine corneal fibroblast or keratocyte phenotype, viability, or growth. The 0.02% dose substantially reduced myofibroblast formation (up to 67%; P < 0.001), as measured by the change in RNA and protein expression of fibrosis biomarkers (α‐smooth muscle actin and F‐actin). Conclusion This in vitro study suggests that a single 2‐min 0.02% MMC treatment to the canine corneal keratocytes is safe and may be useful in decreasing canine corneal fibrous metaplasia. In vivo studies are warranted. 相似文献
7.
R Chinnaswamy H Lakshmi SS Kumari CM Anuradha CS Kumar 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2012,12(3):1-18
Abstract The activity of sericulture is declining due the reduction of mulberry production area in sericulture practicing countries lead to adverse effects on silkworm rearing and cocoon production. Screening for nutrigenetic traits in silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an essential prerequisite for better understanding and development of nutritionally efficient breeds/hybrids, which show less food consumption with higher efficiency conversion. The aim of this study was to identify nutritionally efficient polyvoltine silkworm strains using the germplasm breeds RMW(2), RMW(3), RMW(4), RMG(3), RMG(1), RMG(4), RMG(5), RMG(6) and APM(1) as the control. The 1(st) day of 5(th) stage silkworm larvae of polyvoltine strains were subjected to standard gravimetric analysis until spinning for three consecutive generations covering three different seasons on 19 nutrigenetic traits. Highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) differences were found among all nutrigenetic traits of polyvoltine silkworm strains in the experimental groups. The nutritionally efficient polvoltine silkworm strains were resulted by utilizing nutrition consumption index and efficiency of conversion of ingesta/cocoon traits as the index. Higher nutritional efficiency conversions were found in the polyvoltine silkworm strains on efficiency of conversion of ingesta to cocoon and shell than control. Comparatively smaller consumption index, respiration, metabolic rate with superior relative growth rate, and quantum of food ingesta and digesta requisite per gram of cocoon and shell were shown; the lowest amount was in new polyvoltine strains compared to the control. Furthermore, based on the overall nutrigenetic traits utilized as index or 'biomarkers', three polyvoltine silkworm strains (RMG(4), RMW(2), and RMW(3)) were identified as having the potential for nutrition efficiency conversion. The data from the present study advances our knowledge for the development of nutritionally efficient silkworm breeds/hybrids and their effective commercial utilization in the sericulture industry. 相似文献
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Chinnaswamy Appunu Narayanasamy Sasirekha Vaiyapuri Ramalingam Prabavathy Sudha Nair 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,46(1):57-63
The diversity among 269 rhizobia isolated from naturally occurring root nodules of soybean collected from two different agro-ecological
regions of India, based on RFLP and sequences of the intergenic spacer (IGS) between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes, growth rate,
and indole acetic acid production, revealed their significant, site-dependent genomic diversity. Among these bacteria, nine
IGS genotypes were identified with two endonucleases. They were distributed into five divergent lineages by sequence analysis
of each IGS representative strain, i.e., (1) comprising IGS genotypes I, II, III, and reference Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense; (2) with genotype IV and strains of unclassified bradyrhizobia genomic species; (3) including genotypes V, VI, and Bradyrhizobium liaoningense; (4) with IGS genotype VII and Bradyrhizobium elkanii strains; and (5) comprising IGS genotypes VIII, IX, and different Ensifer genus bacteria. Host-specificity test revealed that all rhizobia-nodulated soybean and cowpea and only part of them formed
nodules on Arachis hypogeae and Cajanus cajan. The great diversity of soybean nodulators observed in this study emphasises that Indian soil is an important reservoir of
nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. 相似文献
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Nagappa G. Malleshi Nirmala A. Hadimani Rangaswami Chinnaswamy Carol F. Klopfenstein 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1996,49(3):181-189
Sorghum, pearl millet, and finger millet flours (60% of each) were blended with toasted mung bean flour (30%) and nonfat dry milk (10%) and extruded (Brabender single screw) to make precooked, ready-to-eat, weaning foods. The extruded foods had high cold paste viscosity, but their cooked paste viscosity was lower than that of the respective blends. Chemical scores of the extruded foods were 78 for sorghum, 80 for pearl millet, and 96 for finger millet. Protein digstibility corrected amino acid scores (PD-CAS) were similar for pearl millet (68%) and finger millet (69%); PD-CAS for sorghum was 57%. Total dietary fiber content of the foods ranged from 7.6 to 10.1%, with the soluble dietary fiber content of the foods being about 10% higher than that of the corresponding blends. Extrusion enhanced the in vitro protein digestibility of foods, but no marked difference occurred in the in vitro carbohydrate digestibility among the unprocessed blends and the extruded foods. The net protein ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and biological values were higher for the finger millet food than for the pearl millet food, probably because of the higher lysine content of the finger millet protein.Contribution No. 95-253-J of the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
10.
Pongamia pinnata an oil yielding leguminous tree is an economically important plant due to its multifunctional characteristics. The objective
of the present study was to investigate the electrophoretic spectra sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(SDS-PAGE) of total soluble seed proteins under reduced conditions (5 mM β-mercaptoethanol) in immatured [135 days after flowering
(DAF)] and matured stages (350 DAF) for 10 tagged candidate plus trees (CPTs) of P. pinnata from North Guwahati. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed presence of ~15–20 unique polypeptide fragments of molecular size ranging
from 14 to 150 kDa in both stages of seed development but no variations was observed at a particular stage among 10 CPTs.
However, polypeptide banding pattern of immatured and fully ripened matured seeds showed differences in expression pattern
of three main polypeptide bands (MW 50, 18 and 14 kDa) for all the 10 CPTs studied. Globulins may be considered to be the
main seed storage proteins in Pongamia that includes legumins and vicilins. 相似文献