Survey of equine castration techniques,preferences and outcomes among Australian veterinarians          下载免费PDF全文

CD Owens  KJ Hughes  BJ Hilbert  J Heller  S Nielsen  GD Trope 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(1-2):39-45

Objectives

(1) To collect the perceptions of veterinarians performing equine castrations in Australia on techniques, preferences and outcomes, (2) to investigate veterinarian use and experience with the Henderson castrating instrument and (3) to investigate potential associations between demographics, castration methods and techniques, and complications.

Design

Online survey of members of the Australian Veterinary Association’s Special Interest Group, Equine Veterinarians Australia (EVA).

Methods

A link to the survey was included in the EVA e‐newsletter and practices on the EVA website were contacted by telephone and follow‐up email. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine associations between ligation and complications. A generalised linear model with a negative binomial family was used to determine associations between count response variables and categorical independent variables.

Results

Responses were obtained from 138 veterinarians (response rate, 13.1%) who performed 5330 castrations over 12 months. Castrations were most commonly performed in the field, on anaesthetised horses, using emasculators, via an open approach and without ligation of the spermatic cord. Estimated complications after use of emasculators were swelling (25%), haemorrhage (5%) and infection (5%). The Henderson instrument was used by approximately 10% of respondents and its use for castration was associated with fewer reports of postoperative swelling compared with emasculators (P = 0.002). Rates of evisceration with the Henderson and emasculator methods were comparable (0.43% and 0.9%, respectively).

Conclusion

Castration preferences varied widely among survey participants. Reported complication types and rates were comparable to those reported previously in other countries. Perceptions that the Henderson instrument was associated with less swelling should be investigated further via a prospective controlled investigation.  相似文献   

Genetic restriction of energy conservation in Schizophyllum   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

R M Hoffman  J R Raper 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,171(969):418-419

A genetically determined malfunction of energy conservation reduces assimilation of substrate to half or less its normal level while leaving oxidative processes apparently unchanged. This metabolic defect, which differs in many ways from any previously described, is related to the function of the B incompatibility factor and occurs both in the common A heterokaryon (A = B not equal)-in which two compatible, wild B factors interact-and in mutant-B homokaryons.  相似文献   

An analog of myristic acid with selective toxicity for African trypanosomes.   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

T L Doering  J Raper  L U Buxbaum  S P Adams  J I Gordon  G W Hart  P T Englund 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,252(5014):1851-1854

Trypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite responsible for African sleeping sickness, evades the host immune response through the process of antigenic variation. The variant antigen, known as the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), is anchored to the cell surface by a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) structure that contains myristate (n-tetradecanoate) as its only fatty acid component. The utilization of heteroatom-containing analogs of myristate was studied both in a cell-free system and in vivo. Results indicated that the specificity of fatty acid incorporation depends on chain length rather than on hydrophobicity. One analog, 10-(propoxy)decanoic acid, was highly toxic to trypanosomes in culture although it is nontoxic to mammalian cells.  相似文献   

Low-voltage organic transistors on plastic comprising high-dielectric constant gate insulators   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CD Dimitrakopoulos  S Purushothaman  J Kymissis  A Callegari  JM Shaw 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5403):822-824

The gate bias dependence of the field-effect mobility in pentacene-based insulated gate field-effect transistors (IGFETs) was interpreted on the basis of the interaction of charge carriers with localized trap levels in the band gap. This understanding was used to design and fabricate IGFETs with mobility of more than 0.3 square centimeter per volt per second and current modulation of 10(5), with the use of amorphous metal oxide gate insulators. These values were obtained at operating voltage ranges as low as 5 volts, which are much smaller than previously reported results. An all-room-temperature fabrication process sequence was used, which enabled the demonstration of high-performance organic IGFETs on transparent plastic substrates, at low operating voltages for organic devices.  相似文献   

Tomato responses to ammonium and nitrate nutrition under controlled root‐zone pH     

Mary M. Peet  C. David Raper Jr.  Leslie C. Tolley  Wayne P. Robarge 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):787-798

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill. ‘Vendor') plants were grown for 21 days in flowing solution culture with N supplied as either 1.0 mM NO₃ ^‐ or 1.0 mM NH₄ ⁺. Acidity in the solutions was automatically maintained at pH 6.0. Accumulation and distribution of dry matter and total N and net photosynthetic rate were not affected by source of N. Thus, when rhizosphere acidity was controlled at pH 6.0 during uptake, either NO₃ ^‐ or NH₄ ⁺ can be used efficiently by tomato. Uptake of K⁺ and Ca²⁺ were not altered by N source, but uptake of Mg²⁺ was reduced in NH₄ ⁺‐fed plants. This indicates that uptake of Mg²⁺ was regulated at least partially by ionic balance within the plant.  相似文献   

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation are not affected by superopt1mal concentration of ammonium in flowing solution culture with pH control     

James W. Rideout  C. David Raper Jr. 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(1):219-228

Abstract

While it is known that superoptimal concentrations of the nitrate (NO₃ ^?) ion in solution culture do not increase NO₃ ^? uptake or dry matter accumulation, the same is not known for the ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) ion. An experiment was conducted utilizing flowing solution culture with pH control to investigate the influence of superoptimal NH₄ ⁺ concentrations on dry matter, nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) accumulation by nonnodulated soybean plants. Increasing the NH₄ ⁺ concentration in solution from 1 to 10 mM did not affect dry matter or N accumulation. Accumulations of K, Ca, and Mg were slightly decreased with the increased NH₄ ⁺ concentration. The NH₄ ⁺ uptake system, which is saturated at less than 1 mM NH₄ ⁺, is able to regulate uptake of NH₄ ⁺ at concentrations as high as 10 mM.  相似文献   

Recycling Newsprint on Agricultural Land with the Aid of Poultry Litter     

J.H. Edwards  E.C. Burt  R.L. Raper  D.T. Hill 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(2):79-92

The large volume of cellulose products, primarily newsprint and yard waste, that are disposed of in landfills and the resistance of these products to decomposition led to an evaluation of the disposal of ground newsprint on agricultural land. A field study was conducted with cotton to evaluate the effects of trenching and mixing the excavated soil with ground newsprint and/or poultry litter. Decomposition rate of newsprint and potential for environmental contamination were investigated in a Cahaba-Wickham-Bassfield sandy loam (Typic Hapludult) soil. The experimental variables included different ratios of soil, ground newsprint, and/or poultry litter applied on the soil surface and in trenches 0.61 m or 1.22 m deep. When ground newsprint and excavated soil were mixed without adjusting the C:N ratio of the backfill, the newsprint was still present seven months after application. However, adjusting the C.N ratio of the excavated soil and ground newsprint with poultry litter provided the nitrogen necessary to completely decompose the ground newsprint within seven months. Soil surface application of ground newsprint required adjusting the C:N ratio to control the occurrence of plant pathogenic organisms. Extractable soil nutrients were increased when poultry litter was added, including P and K which are of concern with respect to surface and groundwater contamination. Extractable Zn, Cu, and Mn levels were increased by the addition of poultry litter, but their levels were in the ranges that most row crops will tolerate. The metals Cr and Pb, found in some printer's ink, may be of concern if repeated application of newsprint is made to the same site. Soil organic matter content was increased from 11.9 g kg-1 to 23.8 g kg-1 in the 50:40:10 backfill mixture of soil, newsprint, and poultry litter seven months after application.  相似文献   

Use of tilmicosin in a severe outbreak of respiratory disease in weaned beef calves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PR SCOTT  M. McGOWAN  ND SARGISON  CD PENNY  BG LOWMAN† 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(2):62-64

Severe respiratory disease, associated with seroconversion to bovine respiratory syncitial virus (BRSV), caused the death of two cattle and necessitated antibiotic treatment of 70 calves (rectal temperature of 39.6°C or greater) from a group of 96 (73%) during an 8-day period. Tilmicosin injection resulted in a reduction in median rectal temperature from 40.3°C to 39.2°C and 39.0°C for the first and second days after treatment. The rectal temperature was 39.5°C or lower in 72% (48 of 67) and 96% (64 of 67) of cattle 1 and 2 days after tilmicosin treatment, respectively. Ten cattle were re-treated with tilmicosin 6 to 16 days after the first treatment. Our study demonstrated that bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection could cause severe respiratory disease in a beef herd that had no previous history of BRSV-related disease. Secondary bacterial invasion after BRSV infection was controlled effectively by tilmicosin treatment but repeat antibiotic treatments were occasionally necessary due to bacterial re-infection of the respiratory tract.  相似文献   

ROLE OF HORMONES IN THE SEXUAL REACTION OF HETEROTHALLIC ACHLYAS     

Raper JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1939,89(2310):321-322

  相似文献   

Severity and persistence of footrot in Merino sheep experimentally infected with a protease thermostable strain of Dichelobacter nodosus at five sites     

LJ DEPIAZZI  WD ROBERTS  CD HAWKINS  MA PALMER  DR PITMAN  NC MCQUADE  PD JELINEK  DJ DEVEREAUX  RJ RIPPON 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(1):32-38

Objective To test the hypothesis that ovine footrot associated with a thermostable protease strain of Dichelobacter nodosus undergoes self cure or is sustained as an annually recurring disease, depending on the environment.
Design and procedure Forty Merino sheep from a single blood line were infected with a protease thermostable strain of D nodosus a t each of five sites in Western Australia. Footrot lesions and microscopic evidence of D nodosus were recorded every fortnight for 2.5 years, supplemented by laboratory culture. Rainfall, soil and air temperature, pasture quantity and composition and soil types were also recorded. Flocks that apparently self cured were relocated to a more favourable site for footrot in the final spring season.
Results The maximum prevalence of feet with clinical footrot lesions was 80.6, 1.3, 14.4, 3.8 and 88.1% at the five sites. Severe footrot occurred for three consecutive spring seasons at one site that had clay loam soil and at least 3500 kg/ha total pasture dry matter annually. However, the infection was asymptomatic for up to 10 weeks between outbreaks. D nodosus was isolated from flocks for 2.5 years at only two sites, although there was microscopic evidence of the organism at other sites in the final year. A thermolabile variant (strain U6) of D nodosus was isolated from the two sites where footrot persisted.
Conclusion Depending on time and location, ovine footrot induced by a protease thermostable strain of D nodosus either self cured or persisted as annual outbreaks interspersed with periods of asymptomatic infection.  相似文献