Crossbreeding effects on reproductive traits in two strains of duck (Anas platyrhynchos): Brown Tsaiya and Pekin     

A. Velez  J. M. Brun  R. Rouvier 《British poultry science》1996,37(3):571-577

1. The reproductive performances of 211 domestic duck females (Anas platyrhynchos) from the pure breeds Brown Tsaiya (Ts) and Pekin (Pk) and their two reciprocal crossbreds were analysed.

2. Differences in the 4 genotypes, additive direct and maternal crossbreeding effects and heterosis were estimated on the following traits: age at first egg, egg production to the ages of 30, 35, 40 and 52 weeks of age, egg weight at 30 weeks of age, and (egg) fertility by artificial insemination with Muscovy drakes’ pooled semen.

3. Egg production up to 52 weeks of age was higher in Ts than in Pk (respectively 214 ± 7 and 150 ± 8 eggs), but not statistically different from that of the reciprocal crossbreds. The ratio of settable eggs to total eggs was nearly 90%, without any difference between genotypes.

4. Average egg weight at the age of 30 weeks was 75 ± 0.9 g for Pk, which was higher than the corresponding values for Ts (62 ± 0.8 g), but not significantly different from the crossbreds.

5. An effect of genotype was found on egg fertility: the Pk strain exhibited the lowest value, 71.3 ±3.1% compared with 75.9 ±2.1% for Ts, 80.6 ± 2.6% for Ts × Pk and 74.6 ± 1.9% for Pk × Ts.

6. Crossbreeding genetic variables showed favourable direct genetic effects for egg production and (egg) fertility in Ts, while Pk had favourable direct genetic effects on egg weight. The Pk genotype had a favourable maternal effect on fertility. Direct heterosis was 34% and 10% for egg production up to 30 and 52 weeks of age respectively, 8.8% for egg weight and 5.4% for (egg) fertility.

7. Crossing Ts with Pk seems profitable for the production of mule ducklings.  相似文献   

Barium selenate as a slow-release selenium preparation to pigs     

E Brun  G Overnes 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1986,27(3):388-396

Pregnant sows were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) with a barium selenate suspension (0.5–1.0 mg Se/kg body weight (b.w.)) and together with control animals fed a commercial diet. No response to the injection was seen either in blood selenium levels or in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the sows. There was, however, a significant difference in these parameters between piglets born from treated dams and control animals. This status was maintained during the nursing period. In another experiment pigs (20 kg b.w.) on a Se-deficient diet were injected s.c. and i.m. with barium selenate (2.5 mg Se/kg b.w.). The treated groups maintained their blood levels of selenium and GSH-Px activity, although the selenium values in the group treated intramuscularly started to decline after 4 weeks. Organ samples from both groups were equal with regard to selenium at the time of slaughter while the control group showed a rapid decline both in blood selenium levels and GHS-Px activity.  相似文献   

Use of volumetric capnography to identify pulmonary dysfunction in horses with and without clinically apparent recurrent airway obstruction     

Herholz CP  Gerber V  Tschudi P  Straub R  Imhof A  Busato A 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(3):338-345

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether volumetric capnography indices could be used to differentiate between horses without recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and horses with RAO that were in clinical remission or that had clinically apparent RAO. ANIMALS: 70 adult Swiss Warmblood horses (20 used for pleasure riding and 50 used for dressage or show jumping). PROCEDURE: Horses were allocated to 4 groups on the basis of history, clinical signs, results of endoscopy, and cytologic findings (group 1, 21 healthy horses; group 2, 22 horses with RAO that were in remission; group 3, 16 horses with mild RAO; group 4, 11 horses with exacerbated RAO). Expiratory volume and CO2 curves were recorded by use of a computerized ultrasonic spirometer. Volumetric capnograms were plotted, and derived indices were calculated. RESULTS: Dead-space volume (VD) was calculated by use of the Bohr equation (VD(Bohr)) and for physiologic VD (VD(phys)). Ratios for VD(Bohr) to expiratory tidal volume (VT) and VD(phys) to V(T) as well as an index of effective CO2 elimination were significantly different among groups of horses. Age and use of the horses also significantly affected volumetric capnography indices. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ratios of VD(Bohr) to VT and VD(phys) to VT as well as an index of effective CO2 elimination were sufficiently sensitive measures to distinguish between healthy horses and horses with RAO in remission. To optimize the ability of volumetric capnography indices to differentiate among horses in heterogeneous populations, it is important to account for effects of age and specific use of the horses.  相似文献   

Major gene resistance in Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is overcome by changes in virulence of populations of Leptosphaeria maculans in France and Australia     

Susan J. Sprague  Marie-Hélène Balesdent  Hortense Brun  Helen L. Hayden  Stephen J. Marcroft  Xavier Pinochet  Thierry Rouxel  Barbara J. Howlett 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(1):33-40

Resistance of Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola) conferred by three different major resistance genes has been overcome by changes in virulence of Leptosphaeria maculans populations in France and Australia. In South Australia where B. napus cultivars with major gene resistance derived from Brassica rapa ssp. sylvestris were grown extensively, resistance was rendered ineffective within 3 years of commercial release of the cultivar. Disease severity was higher on cultivars with sylvestris-derived resistance than cultivars with polygenic resistance. This Australian situation is compared to that in France, where resistance conferred by the Rlm1 gene was overcome nation-wide in 5 years under commercial cropping practices, and also where a source of resistance introgressed into B. napus from B. juncea was rendered inefficient in 3 years in experimental field plots near Rennes.  相似文献   

Major Gene and Polygenic Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus)     

R. Delourme  A. M. Chèvre  H. Brun  T. Rouxel  M. H. Balesdent  J. S. Dias  P. Salisbury  M. Renard  S. R. Rimmer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(1):41-52

The most common and effective way to control phoma stem canker (blackleg) caused by Leptosphaeria maculans in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is through the breeding of resistant cultivars. Race specific major genes that mediate resistance from the seedling stage have been identified in B. napus or have been introgressed from related species. Many race specific major genes have been described and some of them are probably identical in B. napus (allotetraploid AACC) and the parental species B. rapa (diploid AA). More work is needed using a set of well-characterised isolates to determine the number of different major resistance genes available. In some B. napus cultivars, there is resistance which is polygenic (mediated by Quantitative Trait Loci) and postulated to be race non-specific. Many of these major genes and Quantitative Trait Loci for resistance to L. maculans have been located on B. napus genetic maps. Genes involved in race specific and polygenic resistance are generally distinct.  相似文献   

Vaccination against pseudorabies with glycoprotein gI+ or glycoprotein gI- vaccine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J Vandeputte  G Chappuis  D Fargeaud  P Précausta  F Guillemin  A Brun  P Desmettre  C Stellmann 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(7):1100-1106

Subunit pseudorabies vaccines that contained only purified glycoproteins of either of 2 strains of pseudorabies virus (PRV) were prepared and subsequently tested for safety and efficacy. The strains of virus used for vaccine production differed in at least 2 properties. One strain (Kojnok) was virulent for pigs and was believed to code for the entire complement of viral glycoproteins. The other (Kaplan) was a deletion mutant that was unable to code for structural viral glycoproteins gI and gp63. Purified glycoproteins were dispersed in an oil-in-water emulsion and were administered IM to pigs. Both vaccines were found to be safe and effective immunogens. Neither caused any local or general reactions, as verified by examination of the injection site (local safety) and by vaccination of pregnant sows in PRV-infected and noninfected herds. Sows vaccinated with the gI+ or gI- vaccine protected their pigs at levels of 93 and 92%, respectively, against a severe challenge exposure that killed 98% of pigs born from nonvaccinated sows. Vaccinated pigs were tested for active immunity by intranasal challenge exposure with the NIA 3 strain. Protection was quantitated by measuring the relative daily weight difference, expressed in percent per day, between vaccinated and control pigs during the first week after challenge exposure (delta G7); the estimated differences were 2.25 and 2.13% for gI+ and gI- vaccines, respectively. The absence of gI and gp63 did not affect the efficacy of this type of subunit glycoprotein vaccines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Alkaloids from Cyrtanthus elatus     

Herrera MR  Machocho AK  Nair JJ  Campbell WE  Brun R  Viladomat F  Codina C  Bastida J 《Fitoterapia》2001,72(4):444-448

The alcoholic extract of the fresh bulbs of Cyrtanthus elatus yielded zephyranthine (1) and 1,2-O-diacetylzephyranthine (2), together with three other known alkaloids. Complete assignment of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of compounds 1 and 2 was done by employment of two-dimensional NMR techniques.  相似文献   

A bioactive biflavonoid from Campnosperma panamense     

Weniger B  Vonthron-Sénécheau C  Arango GJ  Kaiser M  Brun R  Anton R 《Fitoterapia》2004,75(7-8):764-767

Lanaroflavone (1), a biflavonoid isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial part of Campnosperma panamense by bioguided fractionation, has been assessed for in vitro antiprotozoal activity. Lanaroflavone showed both antimalarial and leishmanicidal activities, but was inactive against Chagas disease vector, Trypanosoma cruzi.  相似文献   

Periconceptional undernutrition modifies endocrine profiles and hepatic gene expression in sheep          下载免费PDF全文

V. de Brun  A. Meikle  A. Casal  M. Sequeira  I. Contreras‐Solís  M. Carriquiry  F. Forcada  C. Sosa  J.A. Abecia 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(4):710-718

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Is “milk crust” a transient form of golden retriever ichthyosis?          下载免费PDF全文

Anja Roethig  Kirsti J. M. Schildt  Monika M. Welle  Brett E. Wildermuth  Reto Neiger  Nina Thom 《Veterinary dermatology》2015,26(4):265-e57

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