High night-time temperature during flowering and pod filling affects flower opening,yield and seed fatty acid composition in canola     

Meghnath Pokharel  Anuj Chiluwal  Michael Stamm  Doohong Min  Davina Rhodes  S.V. Krishna Jagadish 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(5):579-596

Winter canola (Brassica napus L.) is highly sensitive to increasing temperatures during the reproductive and pod-filling stages. Although the impact of high day-time temperature stress on yield and quality has been documented in canola, similar information under high night-time temperature (HNT) stress is not available. Using six hybrids and four open-pollinated cultivars, we observed a marked shift in peak flowering towards earlier, cooler hours of the morning under HNT. Averaged across two independent experiments, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II was significantly decreased (3%), with a significant increase in thylakoid membrane damage (13%) in the leaves of susceptible cultivars under HNT stress. Similarly, the susceptible cultivars also recorded significant reduction in biomass (34%), pod number (22%), pod weight (37%) and total seed weight (40%) per plant while the same set of agronomic traits were not affected among the tolerant cultivars. Quantitative impact of heat stress was confirmed with increased sensitivity to HNT exposure from gametogenesis until maturity resulting in a significantly higher yield loss compared to stress exposure from post-flowering till maturity. HNT significantly decreased oil concentration, but increased protein concentration and saturated fatty acid levels in seeds of the susceptible cultivars. However, HNT had no impact on the unsaturated fatty acids in both hybrids and the open-pollinated cultivars. Breeding targets based on fatty acid composition for enhancing canola seed quality may not be easily amenable due to the inconsistency documented with the compositional changes under heat stress. In summary, our findings conclude that canola hybrids are better suited to regions experiencing heat stress, compared to open-pollinated cultivars, indicating the possibility of a complete shift to hybrid canola cultivation under predicted hotter climates in the future.  相似文献   

Suspected levamisole intoxication in calves     

KR Müller  C Dwyer 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(4):257-260

CASE HISTORY: A group of 32 Friesian and four Hereford calves, 3–4 months old with body weights between 100–120?kg, were purchased from a weaner sale. On arrival at the property the Hereford calves were treated with a combination anthelmintic containing 2?g/L abamectin and 80?g/L levamisole hydrochloride. Shortly afterwards they developed tremors and frothing from the mouth, and two died overnight. The Friesian calves were treated with the same anthelmintic on the following day, when some showed hypersalivation and frothing from the mouth.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Examination of the three most severely affected Friesian calves revealed severe nicotinic-type symptoms including hypersalivation, frothing from the mouth, muscle tremors, recumbency, rapid respiration, hyperaesthesia, and central nervous system depression. Other calves showed mild to moderate signs of intoxication including restlessness, tail switching, salivation, tremors, frequent defaecation, mild colic and jaw chomping. Two calves died shortly afterwards. An adverse drug event investigation revealed that the formulation and quality of the anthelmintic was within the correct specification, and that the drench gun was functioning correctly.

DIAGNOSIS: Suspected levamisole intoxication due to a combination of possible overdosing, dehydration, and stress caused by transportation and prolonged yarding.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Susceptibility to levamisole toxicity in New Zealand calves can be increased if factors like dehydration or stress are present. Levamisole has a narrow margin of safety, and overdosing in calves can easily occur if the dose rate is not based on their actual weight or health status.  相似文献   

Mental health in the veterinary profession: an individual or organisational focus?     

KR Hilton  KJ Burke  T Signal 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(1-2):41-48

The veterinary profession is experiencing a shortage of veterinarians, with attrition recognised as a substantial contributor. Research has also indicated increased levels of mental ill health and alarming suicide rates in practitioners. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of eleven modifiable workplace factors on mental health outcomes, job appreciation and intention to leave the veterinary profession. The second aim was to ascertain whether workplace factors influence mental health outcomes after controlling for individual resilience. An online survey was completed by 73 practising Australian veterinarians. Unfavourable workplace factors correlated with adverse outcomes including depression, stress, reduced job appreciation and increased likelihood of leaving both the role and the profession. Workplace factors remained linked with the outcomes of job appreciation, depression and stress whilst controlling for practitioner resilience. Job appreciation was a significant predictor of intention to leave both the current role and the profession. Via multiple linear regression, two categories were identified as associated with improved psychological outcomes and job appreciation. These were workplace factors that represent breaks from workload and control or decision latitude in the workplace. Whilst resilience represents a key area for intervention, workplace factors potentially represent an easier-to-modify area for intervention.  相似文献   

Bean golden yellow mosaic virus from Chiapas, Mexico: Characterization, Pseudorecombination with Other Bean-Infecting Geminiviruses and Germ Plasm Screening     

Garrido-Ramirez ER  Sudarshana MR  Gilbertson RL 《Phytopathology》2000,90(11):1224-1232

ABSTRACT The complete nucleotide (nt) sequences of the cloned DNA-A (2644 nts) and DNA-B (2609 nts) components of Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV-MX) from Chiapas, Mexico were determined. The genome organization of BGYMV-MX is similar to that of other Western Hemisphere bipartite geminiviruses (genus Begomovirus). Infectivity of the cloned BGYMV-MX DNA components in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants was demonstrated by particle bombardment and agroinoculation. BGYMV-MX was identified as a BGYMV (previously type II BGMV) isolate based on sequence analyses, sap-transmissibility, and pseudorecombination experiments with other bean-infecting begomoviruses. On the basis of differences in the DNA-B hypervariable region, symptom phenotype, and properties of infectious pseudorecombinants, BGYMV-MX may represent a distinct strain of BGYMV. Pseudorecombination experiments further established that BGYMV symptom determinants mapped to DNA-B, and that BGYMV-MX was most closely related to BGYMV from Guatemala. A Tomato leaf crumple virus (TLCrV) DNA-A/BGYMV-MX DNA-B pseudorecombinant was infectious in bean, establishing that a viable reassortant can be formed between begomovirus species from different phylogenetic clusters. Bean germ plasm representing the two major gene pools (Andean and Mesoamerican) was screened for response to BGYMV-MX with three methods of inoculation: sap-inoculation, particle bombardment, and agroinoculation. Andean germ plasm was very susceptible and similar results were obtained with all three methods, whereas Mesoamerican germ plasm showed resistance to BGYMV-MX, particularly with agroinoculation.  相似文献   

Relationship between light,fruit and leaf mineral content with albinism incidence in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)     

R.R. Sharma  V.B. PatelHare Krishna 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

A study was conducted in strawberry to establish a relationship between shading, mineral nutrient of leaves and fruits with albinism incidence. Plants grown under shade produced albino fruits in higher proportion than those grown in open fields. Similarly, plants under shade produced smaller sized fruits and have lower fruit yield. Among cultivars, Etna had highest incidence of albinism (49.6%) and Sweet Charlie the lowest (14.4%). Dry matter content (%), concentration of five major nutrients, viz. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and N:Ca and K:Ca nutrient ratios did not differ significantly in the leaves of plants producing normal or albino fruits. However, in contrast, the concentration of K was notably higher (1.97 mg g⁻¹ fresh tissue weight) and that of Ca was lower (0.098 mg g⁻¹ fresh tissue weight) in albino fruits than normal ones. Consequently, the ratios of N:Ca (11.34) and K:Ca (20.08) were higher in albino fruits than normal ones. Cultivars also differed widely in respect to dry matter (%), mineral content and nutrient ratios. Thus, it appears that lower light intensity favours the development of albinism in strawberry, and it seems that calcium is not the basic cause of albinism, but increased vigour associated with overuse of N and K might be positively associated with it.  相似文献   

Zaluzanin D: a fungistatic sesquiterpene from Vernonia arborea     

Krishna Kumari GN  Masilamani S  Ganesh MR  Aravind S  Sridhar SR 《Fitoterapia》2003,74(5):479-482

Zaluzanin D, a sesquiterpene lactone has been isolated from the aerial parts of Vernonia arborea as a major constituent (0.04%). Antifungal activity of zaluzanin D has been studied against six plant-pathogenic fungi.  相似文献   

Utilization of Weather Data in Predicting Bread Loaf Volume by Neural Network Method     

David Karki  Karl D. Glover  Krishna Bondalapati  Padmanaban G. Krishnan 《Cereal Chemistry》2016,93(5):471-477

The unique ability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour to produce cohesive dough has helped to make it the most widely used cereal crop for bread and other baked food products. Measurement of end‐use qualities, such as loaf volume, is ideally carried out through assessing loaves of bread; however, this is resource intensive. Predictive testing methods are more often utilized to identify wheat genotypes with potentially acceptable loaf volume, although more accurate predictive methods would be beneficial. Our objectives were to study the influence of weather observations on bread loaf volume and flour and dough quality data, to use a neural network (NN) model to predict loaf volume with select input data, and to compare the best multiple regression models identified with their NN counterparts. Weather data collected at 20 days after heading (DAH) showed the highest correlations with bread loaf volume when compared with prior intervals. A NN model containing maximum, minimum, and nighttime temperatures produced the highest coefficient of determination for predicting loaf volume. Our results showed that the NN model explained up to 20% more loaf volume variation than a similar regression model. Weather parameters representing conditions at 20 DAH played a significant role in loaf volume prediction.  相似文献   

Ecological and anthropogenic niches of sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) forest and prospects for multiple-product forest management - a review     

Gautam  Krishna H.; Devoe  Nora N. 《Forestry》2006,79(1):81-101

Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) forests cover over 11 millionha in India, Nepal and Bangladesh, and these forests are conventionallymanaged for timber. Recently, interest in producing multipleproducts from sal forests has increased; accordingly, a silviculturalregime for managing sal forest for multiple products is a centralconcern. Forest managers need a comprehensive scientific understandingof natural stand development processes and anthropogenic factorsaffecting sal forest when designing silvicultural regimes formultiple-product management. We review ecology and productivityplus anthropogenic niches of sal forests. Information on edaphicfactors, phenology and stand development processes (regeneration,growth characteristics, soil nutrient requirement, growth allocation,nutrient cycling, stand structure and successional stages) isimportant for designing scientific forest management of salforest; likewise, knowledge of anthropogenic factors associatedwith use of sal forest is also required for effective implementationof the recently paradigmed management efforts. Sal forest silviculturehas been evolving since the beginning of the twentieth centurymainly concentrating on timber production, though the sal forestshave always been used also for grazing and collection of fodder,fuelwood, litter and many other products. Instead of integratingthese products in sal forest management, governments have attemptedto control these additional uses through enforcing forest legislation.These attempts resulted in the persistent conflicts betweenthe interests of local people and the government, and the deterioratingcondition of sal forests. Community-based forestry in this regionemerged in response to the severe degradation of forest resources,and local people initiated protection practices and demonstratedthe success of sal forest from coppice. The coppice systemsallow managing forests with intermittent products (non-timberforest products, including fodder and litter) while producingtimber in the long term. Accordingly, a policy has been developedto manage coppice sal forest for multiple products. Managingthe sal forest for multiple products is, however, a relativelyrecent development and scientific investigations on variousaspects of multiple-product forest management need to be initiated.Ecological processes indicate good prospects of managing salforest for multiple products. The review indicates that theecological processes and anthropogenic factors form sound basisfor developing multiple-product management.  相似文献   

Pilot project to investigate over-wintering of free-living gastrointestinal nematode larvae of sheep in Ontario,Canada     

Laura C. Falzon  Paula I. Menzies  John VanLeeuwen  Krishna P. Shakya  Andria Jones-Bitton  Jacob Avula  Jocelyn T. Jansen  Andrew S. Peregrine 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(8):749-756

This study investigated the overwintering survival and infectivity of free-living gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) stages on pasture. The presence of GIN larvae was assessed on 3 sheep farms in Ontario with a reported history of clinical haemonchosis, by collecting monthly pasture samples over the winter months of 2009/2010. The infectivity of GIN larvae on spring pastures was evaluated using 16 tracer lambs. Air and soil temperature and moisture were recorded hourly. Free-living stages of Trichostrongylus spp. and Nematodirus spp. were isolated from herbage samples. Gastrointestinal nematodes were recovered from all tracer lambs on all farms; Teladorsagia sp. was the predominant species. Very low levels of Haemonchus contortus were recovered from 1 animal on 1 farm. The results suggest that Haemonchus larvae do not survive well on pasture, while Teladorsagia sp., Trichostrongylus spp. and Nematodirus spp. are able to overwinter on pasture in Ontario and are still infective for sheep in the spring.  相似文献   

Expression of Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) in Porcine Oocytes During Maturation     

RN Zhang  XW Fu  BY Jia  C Liu  KR Cheng  SE Zhu 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):875-880

Perilipins have been reported to limit the interaction of lipases with neutral lipids within the droplets, thereby regulating neutral lipid accumulation and utilization. This study aimed to identify the location and expression of PLIN1 and PLIN2 in porcine oocytes during maturation. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), immunostaining and Western blot methods were used to characterize the expression and distribution patterns of PLIN1 and PLIN2 in porcine oocytes. The results showed that PLIN1 was not detectable in porcine oocytes. PLIN2 and BODIPY 493/503‐detected neutral lipid droplets appeared identical distribution patterns and extensive colocalization in both GV and MII porcine oocytes. PLIN2 protein expression was higher in GV oocytes than that in MII oocytes (p < 0.05), although PLIN2 mRNA expression was similar in both groups. These findings suggested that PLIN2 was a major lipid droplet‐associated protein in porcine oocytes.  相似文献