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Paddy and Water Environment - Most of the lands of the southern coastal zone of Bangladesh are protected from tidal flooding and storm surges by embankments constructed during the 1960s and 1970s,...  相似文献   
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Information is limited on using winter legumes as a source of nitrogen (N) intercropped with switchgrass in the southern Great Plains of the United States. The objectives of this study were to evaluate N contribution of several winter legumes to switchgrass, and to determine the influence of winter legumes on biofuel quality and soil fertility status. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Oklahoma in which six winter legumes and four rates of N fertilizer were studied over a 3-year period. Winter legumes did not increase switchgrass forage yield, cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose concentrations at any location. Soil organic matter (OM), nitrate-N (NO3-N), soil test phosphorus (P), soil test potassium (K), and soil pH remained unchanged. In contrast, applying inorganic N only increased switchgrass yield. This study demonstrated that southern Great Plains may not be conducive to utilizing legumes as the primary N source for switchgrass.  相似文献   
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Objective To compare the chondrotoxicity of bupivacaine, lidocaine, and mepivacaine in equine articular chondrocytes in vitro. Study design Prospective, experimental study. Study material Equine articular chondrocytes. Methods Primary cultured equine chondrocytes were exposed to 0.5% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine, or 2% mepivacaine for 30 or 60 minutes. After treatment, cell viability was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion and the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis and necrosis of chondrocytes were analyzed with the double staining of Hoechst 33258 and propidium iodide using fluorescence microscopy, and the results were confirmed using flow cytometry. Results After 30‐minute exposure, trypan blue exclusion assay revealed that cell viability of 0.5% bupivacaine group was 28.73 ± 8.44%, and those of 2% lidocaine and 2% mepivacaine were 66.85 ± 6.03% and 86.27 ± 2.00%, respectively. The viability of chondrocytes after saline treatment was 95.95 ± 2.75%. The results of MTT assay and fluorescence microscopy had similar tendency with trypan blue assay. Each result showed that bupivacaine was the most toxic of the three local anaesthetics. Mepivacaine was less toxic than lidocaine. The results of the viability test suggest that bupivacaine and lidocaine exhibit a marked chondrotoxicity, and that this is mainly due to necrosis rather than apoptosis. Conclusions and clinical relevance Bupivacaine may induce detrimental chondrotoxicity when administered intra‐articularly, especially in patients with joint disease, and we suggest that it should be used cautiously in equine practice. Mepivacaine may be an alternative to both bupivacaine and lidocaine.  相似文献   
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A crossbred (Sindhi × local indigenous) calf that was 12 days old was admitted to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chittagong Government Veterinary College, Bangladesh, with two accessory hind limbs attached to the pelvic region in between the hind legs. This was clinically identified as a congenital anomaly popularly called pygomelia. The pygomelia was successfully corrected by surgical excisions.  相似文献   
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Although fungicidal properties of phosphite have been recognized, its use as a fertilizer-P is still being debated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar-applied phosphite (HPO3?2) on the growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.). Traditional fertilizer-P was also applied to compare the efficacy of phosphite. Dry matter yield, grain yield, and tissue P concentrations (grain, leaf, and stem) were evaluated in two field and two greenhouse studies in Oklahoma for 2 years. A commercial phosphite solution which contains 200?g P kg?1 was sprayed at the rate of 2.34?L ha?1 at different growth stages. Foliar phosphite did not increase dry matter and grain yield. In general, P concentrations in the grain, leaf, and stem were unaffected regardless of number of applications. Farmers should take with caution while using phosphite as a fertilizer to correct P deficiency for corn production.  相似文献   
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