Treatment of contaminated radial fracture in Sprague-Dawley rats by application of a degradable polymer releasing gentamicin     

Yuval Ramot  Michal Steiner  Netanel Amouyal  Yossi Lavie  Guy Klaiman  Abraham J. Domb  Abraham Nyska  Tal Hagigit 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2021,34(1):11

Fracture-related infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to establish a simple contaminated radial osteotomy model to assess the efficacy of a biodegradable polymer poly(sebacic-co-ricinoleic acid) [p(SA-RA)] containing 20% w/w gentamicin. A unilateral transverse osteotomy was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, followed by application of Staphylococcus aureus suspension over the fracture. After successfully establishing the contaminated open fracture model, we treated the rats either systemically (intraperitoneal cefuroxime), locally with p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin, or both. Control groups included non-contaminated group and contaminated groups that were either untreated or treated with the polymer alone. After 4 weeks, the bones were subjected to micro-CT scanning and microbiological and histopathology evaluations. Micro-CT analysis revealed similar changes in the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment as in the non-contaminated control group. Lack of detectable bacterial growth was noted in most animals of the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment, and all samples were negative for S. aureus. Histopathological evaluation revealed that all treatment modalities containing antibiotics were highly effective in reducing infection and promoting callus repair, resulting in early bone healing. While p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin treatment showed better results than cefuroxime, the combination of local and systemic treatment displayed the highest therapeutic potential in this model.  相似文献   

The Effect of Perfusate Volume on Amikacin Concentration in the Metacarpophalangeal Joint Following Cephalic Regional Limb Perfusion in Standing Horses          下载免费PDF全文

Gil L. Oreff  Roee Dahan  Amos J. Tatz  Tal Raz  Malka Britzi  Gal Kelmer 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(5):625-630

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Effects of gamma radiation on the immature stages ofLiriomyza Trifolii     

Shoshana Yathom  R. Padova  Susana Tal  I. Ross 《Phytoparasitica》1990,18(2):117-124

The effects of γ-radiation on the immature stages ofLiriomyza trifolii Burgess were studied with doses of 2000-25 Gy. The high doses were lethal to all stages. At doses of 750 Gy or less, larvae survived to pupate, but their number was reduced and the majority were either dead or deformed and did not give rise to adults. Eggs and prepupae were more susceptible to radiation than other stages. Larval radiosensitivity decreased with progressing instar, and pupal sensitivity decreased with increasing age. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 2922-E, 1990 series.  相似文献   

Abstracts of papers presented at the second otto warburg symposim on biotechnology: plant - microorganism interaction in the rhizosphere     

A. HüTtermann Marie-Therese Oelbe  E. Fritz  G. Schlechte  A. Bytom  A. D. Jungk  Y. Okon  E. Fallik  Rivka Hadas  S. Sarig  E. Yahalom  Sara Tal  A. Hartmann  B. Kishinevsky  Debora Gurfel  Rina Lobel  Y. Kapulnik  D. A. Phillips  Y. Hadar  Y. Chen  E. Jurkevitch  J. Katan  A. Gamliel  H. Ziegler  I. Chet  A. Ordentlich  Hadar Kless  A. Oppenheim  Avia Zilberstein  D. Holland  J. Berman  A. Zamir  R. Kaufman  N. Bawnik  C. Koncz  J. Schell 《Phytoparasitica》1987,15(2):141-147

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Genetic engineering of insect viruses for insect biological control     

N. Chejanovsky  J. Tal 《Phytoparasitica》1992,20(Z1):S25-S31

Insect viruses can be exploited for the biological control of insect pests and serve as well as vehicles for the introduction of ‘foreign genes’ into insect cells and insects. The present work describes some of the molecular events that take place during the replication of theGalleria mellonella densonucleosis virus in the insect host. Viral RNA and protein synthesis were monitored. An understanding of the virus biology is essential for further implementation of these viruses for biological control purposes.  相似文献   

Demographic and environmental risk factors for infection by Theileria equi in 590 horses in Israel     

Steinman A  Zimmerman T  Klement E  Lensky IM  Berlin D  Gottlieb Y  Baneth G 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(3-4):558-562

The prevalence of Theileria equi infection as well as the environmental and demographic risk factors for infection was studied in 590 healthy horses from 46 farms in Israel. The prevalence of T. equi DNA was assessed using a polymerase chain reaction for a segment of the Theileria 18S rRNA gene. The overall prevalence was 26.4% (156/590). There was a significant geographical variation in the prevalence of T. equi infection, ranging from 9.3% (25/270) in the central lowlands to 81.7% (49/60) in the Golan Heights. The prevalence of T. equi infection was found to be significantly associated with management types with more horses with access to pasture being positive. Breed was identified as a risk factor for T. equi infection in a univariate analysis with relatively high infection rates in the Quarter horse and local breeds (41.1% and 36.3% respectively), while ponies and Arabian horses had a relatively low prevalence (10% and 9.1%, respectively). However, since a correlation between geographic location and breed was found, it is difficult to draw definite conclusions regarding this risk factor. Age and gender were not found as risk factors for T. equi infection in this study. The environmental variables that were significantly associated with positivity were relative humidity and minimum land surface temperature at day which both showed negative correlation with T. equi prevalence. In conclusion, Israel was found to be enzootic for T. equi infection, as indicated by the high sub-clinical infection rate, which differed between geographical areas.  相似文献   

Pluripotency network in porcine embryos and derived cell lines     

T Brevini  G Pennarossa  S Maffei  F Gandolfi 《Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene》2012,47(Z4):86-91

Huge amounts of work have been dedicated to the establishment of embryonic stem cell lines from farm animal species since the successful isolation of embryonic stem cells from the mouse and from the human. However, no conclusive results have been obtained so far, and validated lines have yet to be established in domestic animals. Many limiting factors have been suggested and need to be studied further to isolate truly pluripotent cell lines from livestock. In this review, we will discuss the difficulties in deriving and maintaining embryonic stem cell lines from farm animal embryos and how can this lack of success be explained. We will summarize results obtained in our laboratory regarding derivation of pluripotent cells in the pigs. Problems related to the identification of standard methods for derivation, maintenance and characterization of cell lines will also be examined. We will focus our attention on the need for appropriate stemness-related marker molecules that can be used to reliably investigate pluripotency in domestic species. Finally, we will review data presently available on functional key pluripotency-maintaining pathways in farm animals.  相似文献   

Leaf anatomical characteristics and physiological responses to short-term drought in Ziziphusmauritiana (Lamk.)     

Manoj Kulkarni  Bert Schneider  Eran Raveh  Noemi Tel-Zur 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

The aim of this work was to study the association between leaf anatomical characteristics and response to short-term drought stress in Ziziphusmauritiana Lamk. Six Z. mauritiana cultivars (Seb, Gola, Umran, Keitly, Q-29 and B-5/4) under field conditions in Israel's Negev desert were studied. Width of palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and epidermis, xylem number and diameter in mid-vein were investigated with light microscopy. Short-term (3 weeks) drought stress tolerance was evaluated by monitoring plant response (leaf transpiration, diffusive resistance, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water potential and leaf relative water content). Greater epidermis and mesophyll widths and xylem diameters and densities were associated with increased tolerance to short-term water deficit expressed by preliminary wilting symptoms and proportional differences between initial and final physiological parameters. Significantly larger differences were found in Keitly, Umran and B-5/4 than in Seb, Gola and Q-29, indicating that the former cultivars are more sensitive to drought stress. Our results indicate that tolerance in descending order was Seb, Q-29, Gola, B-5/4, Keitly and finally Umran. The existence of an association between anatomical characteristics and short-term drought stress tolerance based on physiological responses is suggested.  相似文献   

Citrus leaf nutrient status: A critical evaluation of guidelines for optimal yield in Israel     

Eran Raveh 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(3):420-428

Maintaining orchards with trees at optimal leaf nutrient concentrations is one of the key issues for maximizing yield. Experiments for evaluating and updating guidelines are very rare since they require several years of field experiments with mature fruit‐bearing trees. In the present paper, we first evaluated the Israeli guidelines for citrus by comparing them to the Israeli orchard leaf mineral status using a 10‐year leaf‐mineral database (results of 20 244 leaf analyses from commercial orchards all over Israel). Then, we created an updated guideline using a second database (the Israeli National Wastewater Effluent Irrigation Surveys database; INWEIS). This database summarizes yield and leaf mineral concentrations of commercial orchards from all over Israel. The data were collected from 122 orchards: 39 orchards of “Oroblanco” Pomelit (Citrus grandis), 33 orchards of “Michal” mandarin (C. reticulata), 30 orchards of “Star Ruby” grapefruit (C. paradise), and 20 orchards of “Shamouti” oranges (C. sinensis) over a 7‐year period. Based on the first database, there was a disagreement between recommendations and the leaf nutrient status (e.g., the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture recommendations were higher than orchard median values), which indicated that the growers and/or the recommendations need to be corrected. Based on the INWEIS database, a new guideline was set. It was found that the optimal leaf nutrient concentrations for grapefruit trees are 1.7% to 2.1% dry weight (DW) for N, 0.08% to 0.010% DW for P, 0.37% to 0.48% DW for K, and 0.33% to 0.45% DW for Mg. For orange trees, the optimal leaf nutrient concentrations are 1.9% to 2.3% DW for N, 0.11% to 0.14% DW for P, 0.80% to 1.00% DW for K, and 0.19% to 0.26% DW for Mg. For mandarin trees, the optimal leaf nutrient concentrations are 2.0% to 2.4% DW for N, 0.09% to 0.12% DW for P, 0.55% to 0.69% DW for K, and 0.19% to 0.26% DW for Mg. Maintaining leaf nutrient concentrations within these ranges will support maximal yields of 110 to 120 t ha^–1 for grapefruit, 65 to 70 t ha^–1 for orange, and 60 to 70 t ha^–1 for mandarin cultivars.  相似文献   

The effect of water deficiency in corn plants on the development of three corn diseases     

Y. Levy  K. Tal 《Phytoparasitica》1985,13(2):141-144

The relationships between the development of disease symptoms ofPuccinia sorghi, Exserohilum turcicum andHelminthosporium maydis on susceptible sweet corn plants, and the water status of the plants, were studied. At a relative water content (RWC) of 75% the development of sori ofP. sorghi, and the leaf area infected byE. turcicum andH. maydis, were inhibited by 38, 75 and 84%, respectively, as compared with the control plants (RWC = 100%).P. sorghi andH. maydis were not inhibited by a slight decrease in the RWC (96%), but development of leaf area infected byE. turcicum was inhibited by 33%.P. sorghi seemed to be better adapted to relatively high water deficiency in the host plants thanH. maydis orE. turcicum.  相似文献