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1.
Lázaro-Lobo Adrián Ramirez-Reyes Carlos Lucardi Rima D. Ervin Gary N. 《Landscape Ecology》2021,36(12):3539-3555
Landscape Ecology - Invasive plants cause significant impacts in forested areas throughout the world. However, little is known about the relative importance of environmental drivers on the... 相似文献
2.
Romà Ogaya Anna Escolà Daijun Liu Adrià Barbeta Josep Peñuelas 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2020,39(4):365-378
ABSTRACTA natural holm oak forest was selectively thinned to test thinning as a tool to reduce tree mortality, increase productivity, and reverse the recent regression of the dominant species (Quercus ilex) induced by climate change. Thinning increased aboveground productivity and reduced stem mortality in this Mediterranean forest during four years just after thinning, contributing to the maintenance of forest functioning under changing climatic conditions. Q. ilex was the only species positively affected by the thinning: stem growth increased for all stem sizes, and mortality was significantly lower in thinned plots. On the contrary, mortality rates of Phillyrea latifolia and Arbutus unedo were not significantly lower. Stem growth increased for P. latifolia only in the smallest stem-size class. Our results highlight the suitability of selective thinning for improving the forest productivity and ensuring the conservation of Mediterranean coppices. Other benefits of selective thinning, such as a decrease in the risk of fire dispersion and an increase in the water supply for human populations, are also discussed. 相似文献
3.
Trinco Fabio Daniel Rusch Verónica Elena Howison Ruth Alison Garibaldi Lucas Alejandro Tittonell Pablo Adrián 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(8):1675-1688
Agroforestry Systems - Sound management of native forests used for cattle grazing requires understanding the dynamics of forage productivity in the openings. Despite their importance, forage... 相似文献
4.
Adrián J. Hernández Shuichi Satoh Viswanath Kiron 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2012,43(5):688-696
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of citric acid (CA) and amino acid chelated trace elements (AA) on the growth, phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency and loading in rainbow trout fed a diet formulated with a low‐fish meal (FM) concentration. A low‐FM basal diet with or without monocalcium phosphate supplementation served as positive and negative control correspondingly. Dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet supplemented either with 1% CA, AA (equivalent to 40 Zn, 20 Mn, and 4 Cu mg/Kg of diet instead of inorganic trace element mix) or a combination of both. Duplicate groups of 35 fish (13.2 g) were fed until apparent satiation during 12 wk. Group of fish fed diets supplemented with 1% CA or AA had a final growth and feed utilization similar to that observed in fish fed the positive control diet (P > 0.05). P absorption was increased with the addition of CA or AA. P retention efficiency rates for these diets were higher in comparison with the rest of the treatments consequently showing the lowest P loading values (P < 0.05). The results indicate that addition of 1% CA or AA, to a low‐FM diet without inorganic P supplementation enhanced fish growth, P retention, and decreased P load to the environment. 相似文献
5.
Summary Pepino (Solanum muricatum), a vegetatively propagated plant from the Andean region used for its edible fruits, has been identified as a potential crop
for greenhouse cultivation in Mediterranean regions. However, attempts for introducing it have been unsuccessful, either because
of the low yield, poor fruit quality, or both. Screening of germplasm under Mediterranean conditions showed that sources of
variation for high yield existed in the cultivated genepool and that wild species S. caripense and S. tabanoense could contribute to a considerable improvement of soluble solids content (SSC) of pepino. Progenies obtained after crossing
genetically distant (AFLP-based) parental clones were heterotic for yield, and allowed the selection of clones with an improved
combination of yield and SSC. As a result of this intraspecific programme, two new improved cultivars (‘Turia’ and ‘Valencia’),
which outperform the rest of cultivars available, have been selected for cultivation in Mediterranean conditions. The interspecific
programme involved the selection of clones with high yield and SSC in backcross generations. The results show that introgression
of genes from the wild species can contribute to improve the SSC of pepino. The backcross programme is in an advanced stage
and new cultivars derived from the interspecific crosses are expected to be released in a near future. New prospects for the
future in pepino breeding include the genetic transformation, the establishment of a genetic map, and the use of the genomic
information from related Solanaceae important crops. All the information obtained is illustrative for the breeding for adaptation
of vegetatively propagated crops. 相似文献
6.
7.
Huntley JF van den Broek A Machell J Mackellar A Pettit D Meikle L Barcham G Meeusen EN Smith D 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,127(3-4):323-332
The present study confirms that following infection with the ectoparasitic sheep scab mite, Psoroptes ovis, there is a rapid (within 24 h) inflammatory influx of eosinophils and apoptosis of the keratinocytes at the site of infection. In order to investigate whether these inflammatory reactions are important in the maintenance of mite infection, a group of animals were treated daily after the establishment of infection with the potent anti-inflammatory drug, Cyclosporin A. The course of infection was monitored by determining the lesion area and mite numbers, systemic antibody and blood eosinophils, as well as the inflammatory cells and T cell sub-populations within the lesion throughout the 6-week duration of the experiment. These parameters were compared with those in a similar infected control (non-treated) group. In control infected animals, the lesion area and mite numbers increased steadily throughout the 6-week period. In contrast, lesion area and mite numbers were severely depressed in the group which received Cyclosporin A. Local and systemic eosinophils, and systemic antibody were also significantly reduced in the drug treated animals, compared to controls. Surprisingly however, the number of lesional pan T cells, T helper cells, gammadeltaT cells and dendritic cells in Cyclosporin A treated animals were either the same, or significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced when compared to the control infected animals at the termination of the experiment. The results will be discussed in terms of the role of the dermal inflammatory response in the establishment and maintenance of the sheep scab mite. 相似文献
8.
Price DC Chan CX Yoon HS Yang EC Qiu H Weber AP Schwacke R Gross J Blouin NA Lane C Reyes-Prieto A Durnford DG Neilson JA Lang BF Burger G Steiner JM Löffelhardt W Meuser JE Posewitz MC Ball S Arias MC Henrissat B Coutinho PM Rensing SA Symeonidi A Doddapaneni H Green BR Rajah VD Boore J Bhattacharya D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6070):843-847
9.
Kovalik M Thoday KL Berry J van den Broek AH Mellanby RJ 《Veterinary dermatology》2012,23(2):125-30, e27-8
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured in 20 dogs with atopic dermatitis prior to treatment with a standard therapeutic dosage of prednisolone (0.93-1.06 mg/kg) every other day for 5 weeks after 7 days of treatment with the same dosage once daily. The severity of their physical signs was scored before and 6 weeks after prednisolone treatment by the canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index version 3 (CADESI-03) and the Edinburgh Pruritus Scale (EPS). The 20 dogs with atopic dermatitis that were treated with prednisolone did not have significantly lower serum concentrations of 25(OH)D than a group of 36 healthy dogs, and the physical severity of the atopic dermatitis was not correlated to pretreatment serum 25(OH)D concentrations. However, dogs which had a marked improvement of their physical signs, defined by a post-treatment EPS score of 0 and/or an 85% reduction in CADESI-03 score, had significantly higher pretreatment serum 25(OH)D concentrations than dogs with a suboptimal response (P = 0.003 and P = 0.03, respectively). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were also measured in a previously published cohort of atopic dogs that were treated with ciclosporin. This cohort of dogs was recruited in a similar time frame to the prednisolone-treated dogs, and all samples were handled in the same way. In contrast to the prednisolone-treated dogs, there was no significant difference in 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs that responded optimally to ciclosporin compared with suboptimal responders. Additional studies are required to establish whether vitamin D has a synergistic therapeutic effect with prednisolone in dogs with atopic dermatitis. 相似文献
10.
Ballent M Lifschitz A Virkel G Sallovitz J Maté L Lanusse C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,192(3):422-427
The impact of an efflux pump-related interaction between ivermectin and danofloxacin on their intestinal transport (ex vivo) and disposition kinetics (in vivo) was assessed. Eighteen male Corriedale sheep were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Animals in Group A received 0.2mg/kg ivermectin by SC injection, those in Group B were given 6 mg/kg danofloxacin SC on two occasions 48 h apart and those in Group C were treated with both compounds at the same rates. Plasma concentrations of ivermectin and danofloxacin were measured by HPLC using fluorescence detection. Ex vivo intestinal drug transport activity was measured by the use of the Ussing chamber technique. Plasma concentrations of ivermectin in the first 6 days after injection tended to be higher in Group C than Group A. Contemporaneous treatment with ivermectin significantly increased systemic exposure to danofloxacin (AUC values were 32-35% higher) and prolonged the elimination half-life of danofloxacin (40-52% longer). Ex vivo, incubation with ivermectin significantly decreased the efflux transport of rhodamine 123, a P-glycoprotein substrate, in sheep intestine, but no significant effect of danofloxacin on transport activity was observed. Evaluation of the interaction of danofloxacin with the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) showed that pantoprazole and ivermectin significantly decreased danofloxacin secretion in the rat intestine. Thus, the ivermectin-induced reduction of danofloxacin efflux transport observed in this study may involve BCRP activity but the involvement of P-glycoprotein cannot be ruled out. 相似文献